Effects of Exogenous SA and H2O2 on Wheat-Seedling�s Antioxidant Enzymes in Different Temperatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 500-507
Author(s):  
Baoting Fang ◽  
Xiangdong Li ◽  
Simeng Du ◽  
Yunhui Shao ◽  
Hanfang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Climate Chamber ◽  
H2o2 Treatment ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Exogenous Salicylic Acid

In order to clarify the compensation effect of exogenous salicylic acid (SA) and H2O2 on wheat growth, this paper, by setting different growth temperatures in the artificial climate chamber, has studied the effects of antioxidant enzymes and proline content of wheat seedlings with spraying SA, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and SA+H2O2. The results show that catalase (CAT) activity, in 0 and 5 �C is lower than 10 and 15 �C, while the peroxidase (POD) activity is opposite. The activity of ascorbate peroxidase (APX) increases gradually with temperature increasing. Exogenous SA, H2O2, and SA+H2O2 could effectively improve the activity of wheat antioxidant enzymes and the content of proline (Pro), while the SA+H2O2 treatment improves obviously.

Antioxidant enzymes in germinating wheat seeds as affected by dehydration stress, ABA and hydrogen peroxide

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sabeva ◽  
D. Nedeva
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Dehydration Stress ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Low Temperature Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The response of the antioxidant enzymes peroxidase [EC 1.11.1.11], superoxide dismutase (SOD) [EC 1.15.1.1] and catalase [EC 1.11.1.6] to dehydration stress caused by low and high temperature, salinity (0.2 M NaCl) and hyperosmoticum (0.5 M sucrose), as well as to exogenous ABA and H 2 O 2 , was examined in germinating wheat seeds. The data presented here confirm and complete previous results for other stages of wheat seedling development (Bakalova et al., 2004; 2007). Catalase was the most susceptible antioxidant enzyme under the chronic stress conditions applied. Its activity correlated closely to the decrease in the growth rate of wheat seedlings. Low temperature had the strongest effect of all the stress factors applied. There was a significant decrease in anionic peroxidase activity, accompanied by catalase inhibition, after low temperature treatment. An analysis of all the data obtained revealed that the treatments had mostly non-specific effects on gene expression, protein and enzyme profiles. Catalase and peroxidase activity were suppressed not only by low temperature, but by hyperosmoticum (0.5 M sucrose) as well. This result confirmed findings that a significant number of genes induced by one particular stress are also upregulated by other stresses (Kreps et al., 2002; Munns, 2002; Rabbani et al., 2003).

scholarly journals Foliage application of chitosan alleviates cadmium toxicity in wheat seedlings (Triticum aestivum L)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Liu ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Haiying Zong
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Cadmium Toxicity ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Wheat Seedling ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Cd Stress ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Cd Toxicity ◽  
Mda Content

Abstract Excessive cadmium (Cd) causes toxic effects on crops. The effects of chitosan (CTS) with different molecular weight (Mw) (5 kDa, 3kDa, and 1 kDa) on the growth and biochemical parameters, as well as Cd concentrations in Cd-treated wheat plants were examined in a pot experiment. The results demonstrated that foliar spraying with CTS significantly improve the wheat growth, reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) content in leaves and decrease Cd concentrations in roots and shoots of wheat seeding under Cd stress. The alleviation of Cd toxicity by CTS is probably related with the activity of antioxidant enzymes, osmotic adjustment matter and root morphology. The application of CTS enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) in Cd-stressed wheat seedling leaves by 6.6%–13.1%, 17.2%–33.0%, and 19.6%–25.5%, respectively. Besides, exogenously applied CTS also increased the soluble protein and soluble sugar contents by 17.6%–33.8% and 30.1%–36.1% in the leaves of wheat under Cd stress. Furthermore, CTS with a molecular weight of 1 kDa was the most effective in mitigating Cd toxicity in wheat seedlings, which indicates that the activity of CTS is depend on its molecular weight. It can be concluded that the use of foliar spraying, especially with 1 kDa CTS, could have potential in reducing the damage of Cd stress.

scholarly journals Activity of antioxidant enzymes and proline accumulation in Erythrina velutina Willd. seeds subjected to abiotic stresses during germination

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Conduru Ribeiro ◽  
Janete Rodrigues Matias ◽  
Claudinéia Regina Pelacani ◽  
Bárbara França Dantas
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Proline Accumulation ◽  
Proline Content ◽  
Embryonic Axis ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Osmotic Potentials ◽  
Detoxification Process

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different abiotic stresses on the activity of antioxidant enzymes and on accumulation of proline in Erythrina velutina Willd. seeds during germination. Mulungu seeds were scarified and placed to germinate at constant temperatures of 15, 25, and 35 ºC, moistened with distilled water, and exposed to 12 h of light. Other seeds were exposed to solutions of NaCl (EC of 0, 4, and 8 dS.m-1) and polyethylene glycol (osmotic potentials of 0.0, -0.2, and - 0.6 MPa) and maintained in a germination chamber set at 25 ºC and 12 h photoperiod for seven days. At the end of each period of imbibition, the embryonic axis and cotyledons of the seedlings were collected separately and used to quantify proline content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes. These were detected in both the cotyledons and embryonic axis of the mulungu seeds. Antioxidant activity varied depending upon the type and degree of stress applied. It was concluded that under the aspect of the detoxification process, the mechanism found in mulungu seeds is more efficient when subjected to different temperatures followed by salt stress and water stress.

Activity of Antioxidant Enzymes of Cyanoprokaryota and Green Microalgae Cultures under Different Temperatures Conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. V. Kureishevich ◽  
I. N. Nezbrytskaya ◽  
A. V. Stanislavchuk
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Green Microalgae ◽  
Different Temperatures

Cereals frost resistance correlates with an integral indicators of content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 71-86
Author(s):  
O. I. Horielova ◽  
◽  
N. I. Ryabchun ◽  
M. A. Shkliarevskyi ◽  
A. M. Reznik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Frost Resistance ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidant ◽  
Adult Plants

Along with specific adaptive reactions, universal defense reactions, in particular activation of antioxidant system, are of great importance for plant survival under cold conditions. We have studied a relationship among the content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds with antioxidant properties (proline, soluble carbohydrates, flavonoids), the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) in seedlings of winter wheat, rye and triticale, and frost resistance of etiolated seedlings and adult plants at tillering stage. It was found that there was a fairly close correlation between the frost resistance of seedlings and adult cereal plants (r = 0,78). It was shown that a pronounced relationship between individual indicators of antioxidant system functioning in unhardened seedlings and their frost resistance was not found. After 6-day hardening of seedlings at 2-4°C, there was a high correlation between the total indicator of the enzymatic antioxidant system (the sum of normalized indicators of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activity) and their frost resistance (r = 0,86), but the correlation coefficient of this index with frost resistance of plants in tillering phase was significantly lower (r = 0,47). At the same time, a high correlation was found between the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings and frost resistance of tillering adult plants (r = 0.89). The closest correlation was observed between the integral normalized indicator, comprising the sum of normalized values of antioxidant enzymes activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors in hardened seedlings, and frost resistance of seedlings (r = 0,94) and plants in tillering phase (r = 0,89). A presence of specific features in the functioning of antioxidant system during cold adaptation of cereal seedlings was established. Rye is characterized by a high content of low-molecular-weight protective compounds; at the same time, increased activity of antioxidant enzymes - superoxide dismutase and catalase - was noted in wheat seedlings. In triticale, depending on the genotype, the values of both enzymatic antioxidant activity and the content of low-molecular-weight protectors varied.

scholarly journals Alleviation of Salt Stress in Wheat Seedlings via Multifunctional Bacillus aryabhattai PM34: An In-Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 8030
Author(s):  
Shehzad Mehmood ◽  
Amir Abdullah Khan ◽  
Fuchen Shi ◽  
Muhammad Tahir ◽  
Tariq Sultan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Pgp Traits ◽  
Bacillus Aryabhattai

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria play a substantial role in plant growth and development under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. However, understanding about the functional role of rhizobacterial strains for wheat growth under salt stress remains largely unknown. Here we investigated the antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 inhabiting ACC deaminase and exopolysaccharide producing ability to ameliorate salinity stress in wheat seedlings under in vitro conditions. The strain PM34 was isolated from the potato rhizosphere and screened for different PGP traits comprising nitrogen fixation, potassium, zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid, siderophore, and ammonia production, along with various extracellular enzyme activities. The strain PM34 showed significant tolerance towards both abiotic stresses including salt stress (NaCl 2 M), heavy metal (nickel, 100 ppm, and cadmium, 300 ppm), heat stress (60 °C), and biotic stress through mycelial inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani (43%) and Fusarium solani (41%). The PCR detection of ituC, nifH, and acds genes coding for iturin, nitrogenase, and ACC deaminase enzyme indicated the potential of strain PM34 for plant growth promotion and stress tolerance. In the in vitro experiment, NaCl (2 M) decreased the wheat growth while the inoculation of strain PM34 enhanced the germination% (48%), root length (76%), shoot length (75%), fresh biomass (79%), and dry biomass (87%) over to un-inoculated control under 2M NaCl level. The results of experiments depicted the ability of antagonistic bacterial strain Bacillus aryabhattai PM34 to augment salt stress tolerance when inoculated to wheat plants under saline environment.

Kinetics of Ion-Pair Effect of Aquation of Bromopentaammine Cobalt(III) Complex in Different Dicarboxylate Media

2011 ◽  
Vol 324 ◽  
pp. 166-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Zeitouni ◽  
Gehan El-Subruiti ◽  
Ghassan Younes ◽  
Mohammad Amira
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Solvent Effect ◽  
Compensation Effect ◽  
Ion Pairing ◽  
Reaction Rates ◽  
Ion Pair ◽  
Free Energy Of Activation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Kinetics Of

The rate of aquation of bromopentaammine cobalt(III) ion in the presence of different types of dicarboxylate solutions containing tert-butanol (40% V/V) have been measured spectrophotometrically at different temperatures (30-600°C) in the light of the effects of ion-pairing on reaction rates and mechanism. The thermodynamic and extrathermodynamic parameters of activation have been calculated and discussed in terms of solvent effect on the ion-pair aquation reaction. The free energy of activation ∆Gip* is more or less linearly varied among the studied dicarboxylate ion-pairing ligands indicating the presence of compensation effect between ∆Hip* and ∆Sip*. Comparing the kip values with respect of different buffers at 40% of ter-butanol is introduced.

Influence de la température et de la durée d'un traitement cryoprotecteur sur la résistance au froid de plantules de blé. Étude ultrastructurale des ébauches foliaires

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 1025-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. Gazeau
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Treatment Period ◽  
Day Treatment ◽  
Leaf Primordia ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Starch Grains ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Protective Treatment

Wheat seedlings were treated at different temperatures and for various periods of time with a cold-protective substance, composed of a mixture of glycerol, dimethylsulfoxide, and saccharose. When the treatment was done at 20 °C, slight ultrastructural changes appeared in leaf primordia as soon as day 1. Thus numbers of lipid globules increased significantly. When the treatment period was increased to 4 days, numbers of starch grains increased, and there was a marked enlargement of mitochondria and plasts. When the treatment was done at 2 °C, cytoplasmic alterations occurred later than at 20 °C. After a 4-day treatment, they were similar to changes induced at 20 °C. When the treatment period was increased to 12 days, dictyosomes were markedly altered. They clustered close to the nucleus in two or three groups and gave rise to numerous pale vesicles with various shapes and sizes. Around each cluster of such vesicles, there gathered many endoplasmic reticulum vesicles and other organelles (mitochondria, plasts, microbodies, vacuoles). A further cooling of 1 °C/min, down to −15 or −30 °C, enhanced these phenomena. After the seedlings were warmed up to 20 °C in distilled water, the changes induced by the frost-protective treatment and then by freezing were shown to be reversible. [Journal translation]

TEMPERATURE IN RELATION TO THE TRANSMISSION AND PATHOGENICITY OF WHEAT STRIATE MOSAIC VIRUS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1123-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Slykhuis ◽  
P. L. Sherwood
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Incubation Period ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Acquisition Access Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
North American Type ◽  
Test Plants

Endria inimica Say acquired the North American type of wheat striate mosaic virus during periods of 15 minutes or longer on diseased plants held at five constant temperatures ranging from 10 to 33 °C. When infective insects were given inoculation access periods varying from 1 to 4 days at different temperatures, the percentage of test plants infected increased with temperature from 12.5% at 10° to 81.4% at 33 °C. After an acquisition access period of 2 days at 24 °C, insects kept at 8 or 10 °C did not transmit virus, but the percentage of others that transmitted at successively higher temperatures increased from 3.3% at 16 °C to 73.3% at 33 °C. The preinfective period was more than 29 days for insects kept at 16 °C and only 5 days for some kept at 27, 30, and 33 °C. The average preinfective period was 11 days at 20 °C, but decreased to 6.4 days as temperature increased to 33 °C. The percentage of test plants that became infected increased from 0.1% at 16 °C to 44.3%, at 33 °C. Stewart and Ramsey wheat seedlings exposed to infective E. inimica for 2 days did not develop symptoms during a subsequent 60 day period at 10 °C. After the same plants were placed in a greenhouse at 20–25 °C, 26% and 27%, respectively, developed symptoms. The incubation period for symptoms in plants ranged from 17 to more than 62 days at 16 °C. It decreased as temperature increased but varied from 6 to 25 days at 30 °C. Forty-two and 48% of Stewart and Ramsey wheat plants respectively, developed symptoms at 16 °C, and increased to almost 100% for both varieties at 30 and 33 °C. The above results indicate that high temperatures during early summer are prerequisite for severe epidemics of wheat striate mosaic in spring wheat.

The effect of cadaverine on redox homeostasis of wheat seedling roots and their resistance to damage heating

2021 ◽  
pp. 116-137
Author(s):  
Alexandr I. Kokorev ◽  
◽  
Yuriy E. Kolupaev ◽  
Maxim A. Shkliarevskyi ◽  
Anna A. Lugovaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Diamine Oxidase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Guaiacol Peroxidase ◽  
Sod Activity ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Survival Of Seedlings

Polyamines are plant metabolites involved in many processes under physiologically normal and stressful conditions. Cadaverine is one of the least studied plant polyamines. The relationship between its physiological effects and the formation of signaling mediators, in particular, reactive oxygen species (ROS), has hardly been specially studied. The aim of this work was to study the possible protective effect of cadaverine on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seedlings under heat stress and its relationship with the formation and detoxification of ROS by antioxidant enzymes. Etiolated seedlings of soft winter wheat variety Doskonala were used in the work. We treated three-day-old seedlings with cadaverine at concentrations ranging from 0.05 to 2.5 mM by adding it to the root incubation medium. In some variants of the experiment, we treated seedlings with a hydrogen peroxide scavenger dimethylthiourea (DMTU - 150 μM), a diamine oxidase inhibitor aminogunidine (1 mM) or an inhibitor NADPH oxidase imidazole (10 μM), as well as the indicated inhibitors in combination with cadaverine. The hydrogen peroxide content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes were determined in the roots of seedlings a certain time after treatment with the studied compounds. One day after the treatment of seedlings with cadaverine, ROS antagonists, and a combination of effectors, the seedlings were subjected to damaging heating in a water thermostat (10 min at 45 °C). 24 h after heating, we assessed the content of the products of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the roots and, after 3 days, the survival of seedlings. Incubation in the presence of cadaverine increased the resistance of seedlings to damaging heat (See Fig. 1). The highest relative number of surviving seedlings was observed in the variant with 1 mM cadaverine treatment. Under the effect of cadaverine, the content of hydrogen peroxide in the roots increased (See Fig. 2). We observed a noticeable effect 1-4 h after the start of treatment, with a maximum after 2 h. Treatment of seedlings with a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide DMTU removed the manifestation of the effect of an increase in the content of H2 O2 in the roots caused by the action of cadaverine (See Fig. 3). This effect was also completely eliminated by the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine and was almost unchanged in the presence of the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole. The effect of heat stress on seedlings caused an increase in the content of the LPO products in them. Treatment with cadaverine markedly reduced this manifestation of oxidative stress. The antioxidant DMTU and the diamine oxidase inhibitor aminoguanidine largely neutralized the protective effect of cadaverine (See Fig. 4a). At the same time, the NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole had almost no effect on the manifestation of the effect of cadaverine on the LPO products content in roots. Under the influence of DMTU and aminoguanidine, but not imidazole, the positive effect of cadaverine on the survival of seedlings after damaging heating was also leveled out (See Fig. 4b). The treatment of seedlings with cadaverine caused a change in the activity of antioxidant enzymes in the roots (superoxide dismutase - SOD, catalase, and guaiacol peroxidase) (See Fig. 5). DMTU and aminoguanidine neutralized the effect of cadaverine-induced increase in the activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase, but had almost no effect on the increase in SOD activity in roots induced by this diamine (See Fig. 6). The NADPH oxidase inhibitor imidazole did not significantly affect the manifestation of the effect of increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes when seedlings are treated with cadaverine. We can conclude that one of the signaling mediators involved in the regulation activity of catalase and guaiacol peroxidase and in the induction of heat resistance of wheat seedlings by exogenous cadaverine is hydrogen peroxide, which is formed during the oxidation of cadaverine by diamine oxidase. At the same time, the modification of SOD activity in the roots of wheat seedlings with cadaverine, apparently, can occur without the participation of ROS.

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