ANTHROPOSOCIAL EVOLUTION AND DEVOLUTION – OPPOSITE VECTORS OF BEING AND EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 57-62
Author(s):  
E. V. Ushakova ◽  
◽  
S. A. An ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Organization ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Reverse Process ◽  
Primitive Forms ◽  
Education Training

The article presents an analysis of modern opposing concepts and ways of transforming a person and society. One group of concepts, reflecting the progressive evolution of man and society (Darwinism), was considered the most recognized in science until the end of the twentieth century. It proves the general progressive path of anthroposociogenesis. But since the second half of the twentieth century and at present, another, opposite group of concepts has become increasingly popular: devolution, or regressive ways of changing a person and society. According to her, anthroposocial life reaches a certain limit of development, and then there is a reverse process of degradation and primitivization up to the primitive forms of anthropoids and their social organization. The problem is considered in relation to education. The important role of education as personality perfection in these opposite processes is shown. It is substantiated that the primitivization and devaluation of education (training and upbringing) in modern society leads to the replacement of the vectors of anthropo-social transformations from progressive to regressive.

scholarly journals HISTORIES OF MODERN MIGRATION IN EAST ASIA: STUDIES OF THE FIRST HALF OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-195
Author(s):  
Noriaki Hoshino ◽  
Qian Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
East Asia ◽  
English Language ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Border Crossing ◽  
Japanese Empire ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Heterogeneous Features

In recent historical studies of modern East Asia, the issue of migration has received increased scholarly attention. This article traces recent historiographical and methodological trends by analyzing influential English-language works on modern East Asian migrations in the first half of the twentieth century. Modern East Asian migrations during this period present dynamic and heterogeneous features as results of modern social transformations, such as the development of global capitalism, national and global economic integration, the emergence of new transportation and communication technology, and the expansion and collapse of the Japanese empire. Accordingly, the historical works on modern East Asian migrations we examine display a variety of historiographical and theoretical approaches. Specifically, this article underscores important trends or comparable emphases in these studies, including the growing scholarly interest in transnational/regional border crossing movements, migrants’ subject formations in the new environments, and the methodological interest in the role of culture, political economy, and the environment. Thus this article offers a reflective overview of the ongoing development of migration studies centering on modern East Asia.

scholarly journals Reflection of the Problems of Ukrainian Church Singing in the Source Materials of Galicia at the End of the XIX – early XX Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Svitlana Guralna
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Liturgical Art ◽  
Methodological Principles ◽  
Source Materials

As a result of the awareness of the important role of spiritual and cultural phenomena in the development of Ukrainian culture, modern society has a particular interest in the historical context of the formation of sacred art. Therefore, the process of research of church singing based on reliable information, fixed in Galician periodicals since the appearance of the first publications on this topic and before the Second World War, became the basis of the writing of the article. The choice of methodological principles is conditioned by the specifics of the research carried out, in particular, the accumulation of materials with further understanding and selection. Historical and cultural studies, art studies, theological and teaching materials, which are found at the time periodical, preserved in the department of ukrainian, in the scientific department of periodicals by Maryana and Ivanni Kotsiv, National Library of Ukraine the name of V. Stefanyk, and in the State Archives of the Ternopil region. The use of comparative and cultural methods helped to highlight the historically determined features of ritual and church-musical life of Galicia at the end of the 19th and the first half of the twentieth century under the conditions of expansion of the pro-government structures. Due to the functional approach, the problems of coexistence of denominations, social conditions of the Greek Catholic Church, the status of daco-regent education and publishing, and the role of personalities in the practice of church singing are outlined. On this basis, a holistic evaluation of spiritual and choral performance and the social context of church singing as a form of realization of the liturgical art of the Eastern rite in Galicia at the end of the nineteenth and first half of the twentieth century was achieved. The source materials revealed the activation of public opinion in the press at that time, showed the significant role of the Ukrainian Church in shaping national self-awareness and dominance of the spiritual factor in the outlook and everyday life of the Galician.

Role of intellectuals in providing an evolutionary option for modern society development

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 4252-4261
Author(s):  
N. N. Ravochkin
Keyword(s):  
Brain Drain ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Descriptive Method ◽  
Traditional Understanding

The changes taking place in the modern world under the influence of globalization processes leave a serious imprint on the development of social systems contributing to the of a new era formationбwhich is associated with the temporality dominance. To develop in the desired evolutionary version, the states need implementing various social transformations under rapidly changing conditions. It is well known that both spontaneous and projected transformations are based on certain ideas, which, as a rule, are created by networks of intellectuals, and only then are implemented in practice – most often by powerful actors. Thus, the work objective is identifying the role of intellectuals in ensuring the possibilities of the evolutionary variant of the modern society development. To achieve this goal, the author uses own synthetic methodology, as well as an analytical-descriptive method, pragmatic and sociocultural approaches. The work shows the difference between an intellectual and intelligent man. It determines the essential characteristics of intellectuals. Practical examples show the diverse functions performed by intellectuals who go beyond the traditional understanding of «advisers to the authorities». The paper shows real opportunities that intellectuals can realize in a particular society; presents the risks of brain drain caused by non-attention to intellectuals and their inability to exert any real impact on the processes of social transformations.

scholarly journals Women’s Activism and Innovation in Education: the Role of the Unione Femminile Nazionale in Sicily for the Transformation of Italian Pedagogy at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Letterio Todaro
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Social Transformation ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Women's Movements ◽  
Women's Activism ◽  
Women's Associations ◽  
Innovation In Education ◽  
Special Occasion ◽  
Increasing Demand

The beginning of the twentieth century represented a special occasion in the development of women’s movements as a vehicle for a new culture of education. The growing role of women’s associations in modern society found fertile ground in the increasing demand for childcare.In Italy such a process reflected a meaningful phenomenon of social transformation, which was linked to the ascent of the lower classes and to the progression of democratic values. In a region like Sicily, the appearance of local branches of the Unione Femminile Nazionale in some principal cities of the isle, such as Catania, from 1909 onwards represented a crucial opportunity not only for the social and cultural elevation of working-class children, but also for the introduction of new models of schooling and the experimentation of new methods in education, within the wider framework of a general renewal in the science of education of the time. The most representative witness and «learner» of these innovative approaches to education was Giuseppe Lombardo Radice, who was to «transfer» many aspects of his experience into the reform of the entire primary school system in Italy (1923) in line with the design of «active schooling».A survey of the experience of the Sicilian sections of the Unione provides not only a significant example of civilization processes promoted by women’s activism, but also a key to better understanding the wealth of resources involved in the construction of a modern pedagogy in Italy before the coming of Fascism.

RIGHT TO PROPERTY IN CHRISTIANITY AND REINHOLD NIEBUHR’S PHILOSOPHY

2020 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Vitalii Brynov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Democratic Society ◽  
Early Church ◽  
Capitalist System ◽  
Protective Function ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Economic Tools ◽  
Ukrainian Society

It is emphasized that in democratic society the conflict between capitalists and socialists lies in the power of governments. The development of Christian position on property from the early Church to the twentieth century was demonstrated. It is shown that Niebuhr’s criticism of the capitalist system consists of exaggerating the role of individualism in economic relations, and in idealization of the economic influence as having only a protective function. The fairness of criticism by socialists of economic tools as instruments of oppression has been revealed. The model of economic relations in modern Ukrainian society is considered. The mechanisms of economic oppression in modern society are described

A Renaissance in Twentieth-Century Catholic Theology

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-338
Author(s):  
Gabriel Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Vatican Ii ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Catholic Theology ◽  
Christian Churches ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Complex Question

This article considers the nature and genesis of the ressourcement movement and argues that its leading exponents inspired a renaissance in twentieth-century Catholic theology that culminated in the reforms of Vatican II. It attempts to shed light on the complex question of terminology, the interpretation of which still engenders controversy in analyses of ressourcement and nouvelle théologie. It offers insights into the role of the ressourcement theologians in the struggle against Nazism and asserts that the movement possesses an enduring relevance for the Christian Churches and for modern society.

Abay and Alash: Continuity of Traditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (118) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
A. Isіmaqova ◽  
◽  
K.M. Berkımbaev ◽  
S.M. Seıіtman ◽  
Chetın Nýrýllah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Scientific Study ◽  
Literary Analysis ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
National Consciousness ◽  
Spiritual Leader ◽  
Early Twentieth Century

In the article, the authors based on a deep analysis of the concepts of «Tradition», «Continuity of traditions», reveal the educational nature of the creative work of the spiritual leader of the Kazakh people, Hakim Abay, his influence on the formation of Kazakh literature of the early twentieth century and the ideas of Alash figures as individuals. At the same time, on the basis of literary analysis of Abay's knowledge and familiarization with his works, the great education and dedication of Alashorda writers is described. This confirms their primacy in the scientific study of Abay. The article notes the important role of Alash in Abay studies, Abay in Alash studies in the ideology of new Kazakhstan. In assessing the opinions of scientists, the authors of the article determine the relevance of the chosen topic. In conclusion, they formulate their own ideas for the preservation of national consciousness that meet the requirements of modern society. Pursuant to the statement of Kassym-Zhomart Tokayev – the Head of the state – about New Kazakhstan brand creation, the authors scientifically substantiate that preserving the continuity of Abay and Alash heritage giving priority to the national code will be a guide for the country's youth in the era of globalization.

The Soul of the American University Revisited

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
George M. Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
First Century ◽  
American University ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
American Schools ◽  
Normative Standard ◽  
The 1960S

The Soul of the American University Revisited traces the role of Protestantism in shaping American higher education from the founding of Harvard in the 1630s to the present. It offers a critical analysis of the changing ways in which Protestantism intersected with collegiate life, intellectual inquiry, and broader cultural developments. In accounts that have been edited and somewhat abridged for this second edition, it looks at pace-setting colleges and universities as they coped with modern society, post-Darwinian science, new secular philosophies, and increasing diversity in American life. Until the mid-twentieth century most leading American schools remained nominally Protestant, but their Protestantism was typically of a liberal variety that emphasized the broad ethical ideals of the Western and Judeo-Christian heritage. After the attacks in the 1960s on the “WASP” privilege, the vestiges of that establishment in higher education were soon largely dismantled. By the late twentieth century exclusive secular viewpoints were often considered the normative standard in higher education. Originally published in 1994 as The Soul of the American University, this new edition carries the story into the twenty-first-century culture. In the disarray and diversity of the intellectual life of this arguably “postsecular” age there is increasing room in the academy for varieties of intellectually responsible religious viewpoints. Indeed, as a concluding chapter recounts, more traditionalist Christian scholars and institutions, Protestant as well as Catholic, have developed substantially in recent decades.

cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī & Muhammad Asad: Two Approaches to the English Translation of the Qur'an

2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muzaffar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Academic Career ◽  
British India ◽  
Human Understanding ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Political Milieu ◽  
The Times

This article attempts to present a comparative study of the role of two twentieth-century English translations of the Qur'an: cAbdullah Yūsuf cAlī's The Meaning of the Glorious Qur'ān and Muḥammad Asad's The Message of the Qur'ān. No two men could have been more different in their background, social and political milieu and life experiences than Yūsuf cAlī and Asad. Yūsuf 'Alī was born and raised in British India and had a brilliant but traditional middle-class academic career. Asad traversed a vast cultural and geographical terrain: from a highly-disciplined childhood in Europe to the deserts of Arabia. Both men lived ‘intensely’ and with deep spiritual yearning. At some time in each of their lives they decided to embark upon the translation of the Qur'an. Their efforts have provided us with two incredibly rich monumental works, which both reflect their own unique approaches and the effects of the times and circumstances in which they lived. A comparative study of these two translations can provide rich insights into the exegesis and the phenomenon of human understanding of the divine text.

On Metaphysics and the Political: A Polemics of Reading Baudelaire in the 1930s

2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-259
Author(s):  
Joseph Acquisto
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
The Political ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Progressive Politics ◽  
The World ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

This essay examines a polemic between two Baudelaire critics of the 1930s, Jean Cassou and Benjamin Fondane, which centered on the relationship of poetry to progressive politics and metaphysics. I argue that a return to Baudelaire's poetry can yield insight into what seems like an impasse in Cassou and Fondane. Baudelaire provides the possibility of realigning metaphysics and politics so that poetry has the potential to become the space in which we can begin to think the two of them together, as opposed to seeing them in unresolvable tension. Or rather, the tension that Baudelaire animates between the two allows us a new way of thinking about the role of esthetics in moments of political crisis. We can in some ways see Baudelaire as responding, avant la lettre, to two of his early twentieth-century readers who correctly perceived his work as the space that breathes a new urgency into the questions of how modern poetry relates to the world from which it springs and in which it intervenes.

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