LEGAL OBLIGATION IN THE LEGAL STATUS STRUCTURE OF A PERSON SENTENCED TO IMPRISONMENT AND ITS STRUCTURE

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
Андрей Владимирович Кулаков ◽  
Ольга Рениславовна Родионова
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Russian Science ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Legitimate Interests ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theory Of Law

Общей теорией права и отраслевыми науками достаточно давно исследуется структура правового статуса личности и место в данной структуре юридической обязанности. Доктринально обоснованной является позиция ученых, согласно которой структуру правового статуса личности, в том числе и осужденного к лишению свободы, составляют права, свободы и обязанности лица, закрепленные в нормативно-правовых актах. Несмотря на это, в отечественной науке время от времени появляются мнения ученых-правоведов, которые наряду с системой прав и обязанностей включают в состав правового статуса такие правовые явления, как «законные интересы», «гарантии прав», «юридическая ответственность» и т. д. Кроме того, подвергается сомнению и устоявшееся положение о структуре юридической обязанности как элементе правового статуса. Проведенный авторами анализ уголовно-исполнительных отношений дает основание утверждать, что, несмотря на особое правовое положение осужденных к лишению свободы, структура их правового статуса не изменяется, а юридические обязанности являются неотъемлемым ее элементом. При этом юридическая обязанность осужденного к лишению свободы, как и любого другого участника правовых отношений, всегда корреспондирует субъективному праву и состоит из четырех элементов: - необходимость совершения осужденным определенных (требуемых, должных) действий, предписанных нормативно-правовыми актами; - необходимость отреагировать на законные требования управомоченного лица; - необходимость (обязанность) претерпеть меры государственного принуждения в случае нарушения нормативно-правовых предписаний; - необходимость (обязанность) не мешать контрагенту пользоваться и/или реализовывать законное право. Только при таком подходе к юридической обязанности как элементу правового статуса осужденного ее можно считать не только средством установление границ дозволенного поведения, но и действенным регулятором общественных отношений. The legal status structure of an individual and the place of the legal obligation in it have been studied for a long time by the general theory of law and branch sciences. Doctrinally justified is the opinion of scientists, according to which the structure of the legal status of an individual including a person sentenced to imprisonment, consists of the rights, freedoms and duties of a person enshrined in normative legal acts. Despite this in Russian science from time to time there are points of view of legal scientists which along with the system of rights and obligations, include the legal status of such legal phenomena as «legitimate interests», «guarantees of rights», «legal responsibility», etc. In addition the well-established position on the legal obligation structure as an element of the legal status is also questioned. The author's analysis of penal relations gives grounds to assert that despite the special legal status of those sentenced to imprisonment the structure of their legal status does not change and legal obligations are an integral part of it. At the same time the legal obligation of a convicted person as well as any other participant in legal relations always corresponds to subjective law and consists of four elements: - the need for the convicted person to perform certain (required, due) actions prescribed by regulatory legal acts; - the need to respond to the legal requirements of the authorized person; - the need (obligation) to undergo measures of state coercion in case of violation of legal regulations; - the need (obligation) not to prevent the counterparty from using and / or exercising the legal right. Only with this approach to the legal obligation as an element of the legal status of the convicted person, it can be considered not only a means of establishing the boundaries of permissible behavior, but also an effective regulator of public relations.

Legal responsibility of a private notary

2021 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
L. Ladina ◽  
M. Veselov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Coercive Measures ◽  
State And Society ◽  
Legitimate Interests

The legal responsibility of a notary is in its essence an important element of the legal regulation of public relations in the field of notarial activities, which is manifested in the purposeful influence of the state on the behavior of notaries through legal means. The purpose of this article is to formulate the concept and outline the characteristics of the main types of legal liability of a private notary. The legal liability of private notaries is proposed to be understood as a set of legal coercive restrictions provided by law and the suffering of subjects of private notarial activity of personal, organizational and property nature for the committed offense. At the same time, it is emphasized that the legal responsibility of a notary as a structural element of his legal status consists not only in the application of appropriate coercive measures against him for an offense (retrospective aspect), but also in his awareness of his responsibility for proper performance (prospective aspect). It is noted that the components of the system of legal liability of a private notary are its types, namely: civil (professional), criminal, administrative and disciplinary. It is emphasized that the institution of legal liability of private notaries should be considered not only as a guarantee of lawful and conscientious performance of their duties, a means of protecting the legitimate interests of the state and citizens related to the provision of notarial services, but also as a regime of private notaries. procedural relations arising from the application of coercive measures by the state to them. It is established that the legal responsibility of a private notary is complex, and provides for the imposition on him not only the actual legal responsibility, but also moral responsibility for actions before the state and society. The limits of legal liability of private notaries depend on the type of such liability. The administrative nature of the notary’s activity and his performance of actions on behalf of the state allows to draw a conclusion about the tortious nature of the notary’s liability for violation of the established procedure for performing notarial acts.

LEGAL STATUS OF THE SOLE EXECUTIVE BODY OF A LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Fanilevna Aitova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Theory ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Executive Body

The article analyzes the issue of determining the legal status of the individual management body of a limited liability company. The author begins his research with the concept of legal status existing in the general theory of law, and then proceeds to consider the issue from the point of view of philosophical categories. In addition, the work explores the diversity of points of view existing in the doctrine regarding the legal status of the individual management body of economic societies.

scholarly journals Legal status of officials and officials: the problem of definition of concepts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yara Olena ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Civil Service ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Law And Legislation

The article examines the problem of delimitation of legal status: official and official. The category of legal status is an important component for every participant in public relations, because such a status will depend on the scope of his civil rights and responsibilities, which is especially relevant for an official or official. It was found that today the issues of the studied categories, namely «legal status of an official» and «legal status of an official» still remain relevant because there is no unanimous position for their delimitation. It is clear that the categories of «official», «official» occupy a leading position in the field of public administration, criminal law, litigation, other areas of law and legislation. These categories should be key in the preparation of regulations relating to the civil service, regulation of law enforcement agencies, determining the legal responsibility of persons holding certain positions in the civil service. Conclusions are made where, given that at the legislative level there is no single definition of «official» and «official», and the proposed definitions in legal science are mainly sectoral in nature, the priority is: first, the definition in the Law «On basics of civil service», which must be adopted, the concepts of «official» and «official» and their features. The task of today's legislator is the need to differentiate them. Therefore, when determining the grounds for assigning persons to the categories of officials or officials should be guided by the relevant legislation governing certain relations. Regarding the legal status of officials and officials, the conclusion was that a significant factor in distinguishing these categories, unfortunately, is not legal status, because without a clear distinction between the basic concepts of «official» and «official», we can not fully describe the differences in this status. Keywords: service, position, legal status, civil service, official, employee, official

Independent Deputy Mandate: Pro and Contra

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Виктор Черепанов ◽  
Viktor Cherepanov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Active Centre ◽  
Legal Relation ◽  
The People ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Russian Federation

The article considers some positive features of the independent deputy mandate conception and notes some of its shortcomings. For the purpose of analysis of the legal nature of a deputy mandate, the author considers it necessary to identify three interconnected legal relations where a deputy has different legal statuses and different rights, obligations and responsibilities. In a lasting legal relation with the electorate the deputy acts as their representative, in the legal relation with the party that has nominated him, he is a representative of this party, and in the legal relation with the people of the Russian Federation (their portion) he is a representative of these people (their portion) who should express their will in the adopted decisions as part of the relevant representative body. There are some imperative elements in the lasting electoral legal relations, but in his relations with the people of the Russian Federation (their portion) there prevail some features of the independent mandate. According to the author, all these legal relations are active pattern relations whose active centre is in the deputy’s obligations directly related to the interests of the representees and their relevant right to demand to observe them and bring the deputy to responsibility when these obligations are not performed. These features of a deputy mandate suggest a binding, imperative model of legal regulation at the heart of which there should be legal obligation and subsequent legal responsibility. At the present time, based on the prevailing interpretation of the independent mandate, in order to regulate the deputy’s constitutional-legal status, another permissible, dispositive model of legal regulation is applied, that allows for the deputy to act at his discretion. In this context the article justifies the necessity of the Russian federal legislation improvement by reinforcement of certain elements of a deputy mandate’s mandatory nature, laying down his obligations and responsibility including a recall as a form of pure democracy.

scholarly journals Honorary rights and obligations: doctrine, practice, technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-36
Author(s):  
Artem Rep'ev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article is devoted to general theory analysis of legal categories «honorary rights» and « honorary obligations». The author puts forward and gives arguments to the hypothesis about the existence of a specific group of legal permissions and obligations which differ from other kinds of rights and legal obligations due to their peculiarities. Significant and informative consideration of «honorary rights» and «honorary obligations» both from the point of doctrine of law and historical and modern legislature as well as law enforcement practice was done. The purpose. To make up in the legal doctrine for the absence of complete idea of honorary rights and obligations as elements of the legal position of separate subjects having special legal status; reveal their characteristic features and define the risks conditioned to be abused. Methodology. Historical way of cognition, philological approach, empirical methods of comparison, descriptions, interpretations, theoretical methods of formal and dialectic logic; private-scientific methods, formal legal method, legal norms interpretation method. Results. Analysis of doctrinal sources of the Russian and International Law, jurisprudence historical landmarks, current normative legal acts, and law enforcement practice showed that honorary rights and obligations are of encouraging and stimulating nature, have an accessory character in relation to the basic opportunities and obligations of the subjects. On the basis of the establishing the elements of similarity and differentiation of honorary right with subjective right of the subject, honorary obligation with legal obligation on the whole, the aspects of their interactions and existing contradictions, an independent categorical and institutional character of honorary rights and obligations is proved, its specific qualities which differentiate it from adjacent legal phenomena are specified. Conclusion. It is necessary to strictly differentiate the understanding and realization of honorary rights and obligations in the system of legislature and law enforcement practice by means of unification and concretization of law provisions using encouraging and stimulating instrumentation, justified and minimum usage of assessment notions and components (prominent merits, prestige, authority, etc.) that serve as the basis for receiving honorary rights and obligations, improving the legal status of subjects with regard to other participants of relation. The steps taken should contribute not only to the increasing the efficiency of regulation of public relations through the system of legal encouragements, stimuli and advantages but decreasing discrimination and corruption risks, the opportunity of subjective discretion associated with granting similar additional opportunities.

scholarly journals LEGAL LIABILITY AS AN ELEMENT OF THE LEGAL STATUS OF CIVIL SERVANTS

Social Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
К. Lyubimov
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Civil Servant ◽  
Legal Liability ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Applicable Law ◽  
The Public ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article reviews the scientific positions on understanding the concept of "legal responsibility", considers it as a positive and retrospective liability, and also proposes its own definition of legal liability of a civil servant. Emphasis is placed on distinguishing the civil servant's legal liability from the ordinary employee's legal liability, since the civil servant's legal responsibility is at the heart of each official's official activity, follows from the powers conferred, is a guarantee of the civil servants' observance of the law, civil service principles and their proper performance ulcers, etc. The legal responsibility of a civil servant is considered, which is quite complex and multifaceted in contrast to the legal liability of ordinary citizens, since it is connected with the powers of the individual, the performance of their individual actions and functions, the exercise of administrative and administrative-legal influence on public relations in the state. Accountability of civil servants has both general and specific features of legal liability. The scientist has identified a number of features that distinguish the legal liability of civil servants from the legal liability of ordinary workers. Such features include: 1) the legal liability of a civil servant is characterized by an increased level of liability of such persons for similar crimes, offenses or disciplinary offenses as provided by the current legislation; 2) increased possibilities for applying the head of the department, directly subordinate to a civil servant, to have powers to identify disciplinary actions and to bring a civil servant to disciplinary responsibility; 3) the broad effect of the legal liability of a civil servant for the offenses committed; 4) the purpose of legal responsibility consists not only in punishment of the guilty person, restoration of the violated rights and interests of the person, carrying out preventive activity, but also in ensuring in the further proper fulfillment by the civil servant of his official duties, prevention of behavior which could discredit the public service and the public employee as a whole; 5) features of its classification. The author of the article emphasizes that applying to a civil servant a certain type of legal responsibility not only condemns a civil servant by applying to him a state coercion, but also encourages other persons to behave properly and properly perform their official duties, to prevent committing actions that directly prohibited by applicable law.

scholarly journals Survey Evaluation of Pharmacy Practice Involving Deaf Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
McKenzie C. Ferguson ◽  
Leah Shan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Care ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Pharmacy Practice ◽  
Communication Barriers ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Legal Obligation ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Survey Evaluation

Introduction: For a patient who is deaf, providing patient care can be more difficult due to communication barriers. This study was conducted in order to better understand pharmacists’ current means of communicating with deaf patients as well as investigating pharmacists’ knowledge of their legal responsibility to these patients. Methods: Surveys were used to gather information from pharmacists and were distributed in areas with a large population of deaf patients. Results: Of the 73 pharmacists who completed surveys, 50 (68.5%) of them interact with at least 1 to 5 deaf patients monthly. Pharmacists responded that accessibility of interpreters is the most significant barrier to communication and providing written material is the method most used to communicate with deaf patients. None of the 73 pharmacists who completed the survey felt that they have a legal obligation to provide and pay for an interpreter. Conclusion: When interacting with a deaf patient, pharmacists may experience communication barriers. Pharmacists should strive to appropriately communicate with the deaf as well as familiarize themselves with legal obligations to this patient population.

LEGAL RESPONSIBILITY AS A LEGAL CONDITION

2021 ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Павел Сергеевич Солоницын
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Responsibility ◽  
Law And Order ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Status ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Legal Fact ◽  
Historical Moment

В статье предлагается концепция юридической ответственности как особого правового состояния. Под правовым состоянием понимается протяженный во времени юридический факт, имеющий свойство порождать новые правовые отношения или правовые последствия. Правовое состояние ответственности применительно к теме статьи соотносится с особым правовым статусом лица, совершившего правонарушение. Рассматриваются различные точки зрения на юридическую ответственность как на принуждение, особое правовое отношение, средство правовой охраны. При этом данные позиции не опровергаются. Указывается, что правовое состояние ответственности вписывается в контекст юридической ответственности как особого межотраслевого института. В нем важнейшим элементом является осуждение правонарушителя, то есть выявление самого факта виновного совершения деяния, запрещенного нормами права. Осуждением (либо вынесением решения в случаях с иными мерами ответственности, помимо уголовной) опровергается презумпция добросовестности субъекта права, он официально приобретает статус правонарушителя. Осуждением констатируется состояние ответственности как особого юридического факта, связанного с правовой аномалией или совершением правонарушения. Государство в лице его органов и должностных лиц устраняют эту аномалию через наказания, перевоспитание правонарушителя и другие средства воздействия на него, соответствующие конкретному историческому моменту и достигнутому в обществе пониманию целей и задач воздействия на правонарушителя через так называемые меры ответственности. Осуждение правонарушителя и материализация осуждения через систему мер правового воздействия является одной из важнейших задач любой правовой системы, поскольку при этом используются механизмы восстановления правопорядка, нарушенного фактом преступления или иного нарушения закона. Восстановление правопорядка перестает быть произвольным делом общественности, а становится важным элементом права как достижения человеческой цивилизации. The article proposes the concept of legal responsibility as a special legal state. At the same time, a legal state is understood as a legal fact extended over time, which has the property of generating new legal relations or legal consequences. The legal state of responsibility in relation to the topic of the article is correlated with the special legal status of the person who committed the offense. Various points of view on legal responsibility as a compulsion, a special legal relationship, and a means of legal protection are considered. At the same time, these points of view are not refuted. It is indicated that the legal state of responsibility fits into the context of legal responsibility as a special intersectoral institution. In it, the most important element is the conviction of the offender, i.e., the identification of the very fact of the guilty commission of an act prohibited by the norms of law. A conviction (or a decision in cases with other measures of responsibility, other than criminal) refutes the presumption of good faith of the subject of law, he officially acquires the status of an offender. The state of responsibility as a special legal fact of a legal anomaly is stated. The state, represented by its organs and officials, eliminates this anomaly through punishments, re-education of the offender and other means of influencing him, corresponding to a specific historical moment and the understanding achieved in society of the goals and objectives of influencing the offender through the so-called measures of responsibility. The conviction of the offender and his materialization through a system of measures of legal retribution is one of the most important tasks of any legal system, since it uses mechanisms to restore law and order, violated by the fact of a crime or other violation of the law. The restoration of the rule of law is no longer an arbitrary matter for the public, but becomes an important element of law as an achievement of human civilization.

Interpretivism in Jurisprudence: What Difference Does the Philosophy of History Make to the Philosophy of Law?

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-393
Author(s):  
Naomi Choi
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Legal Positivism ◽  
Legal Authority ◽  
Philosophy Of Law ◽  
Historical Interpretation ◽  
Interpretive Theory ◽  
Legal Positivist ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Positivist Approach

AbstractTo answer the question of what difference the philosophy of history makes to the philosophy of law this paper begins by calling attention to the way that Ronald Dworkin's interpretive theory of law is supposed to upend legal positivism. My analysis shows how divergent theories about what law and the basis of legal authority is are supported by divergent points of view about what concepts are, how they operate within social practices, and how we might best give account of such meanings. Such issues are widely debated in the philosophy of history but are often overlooked in jurisprudential circles. When the legal positivist approach to meanings is contrasted with Dworkin's interpretivism it is clear that what is needed is an alternative to both, in the form of what we might call "historical meanings" and "historical interpretation". While Dworkin's interpretivism gets it right that legal positivism is an inadequate philosophy of law to the extent that it is committed to a "criterial semantics" view of concepts, this paper argues that post-positivism in the philosophy of law need not entail a normative jurisprudence, as Dworkin would have it.

Constitutional bases of the procedure for the formation and activity of representative bodies in the Russian Federation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Varlen ◽  
Konstantin Mazurevskiy
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Representative Democracy ◽  
Controversial Issues ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Points Of View

The textbook provides an in-depth comprehensive scientific analysis of the legal status of representative bodies at the federal, regional, and municipal levels, taking into account the results of the ongoing reform of constitutional legislation and law enforcement practice, various points of view on controversial issues. Special attention is paid to the problems of the implementation of the powers and the procedure for the formation of representative bodies; the legal status of a deputy of a representative body is studied in detail, the forms of activity of deputies are characterized. For students of master's and postgraduate studies in the field of "Jurisprudence". It can be useful for undergraduate and specialist students, as well as for studying the problems of representative democracy and conducting relevant theoretical and applied scientific research.

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