VOLATILE COMPONENTS FORMATION FEATURES OF FROZEN CHERRY WINE

Author(s):  
Олеся Сергеевна Егорова ◽  
Диляра Рамилевна Акбулатова

В работе представлены результаты исследований качественного и количественного состава летучих компонентов виноматериалов, полученных из свежих и замороженных плодов вишни. Отмечено, что дефростация плодов вишни при комнатной температуре привела к накоплению повышенных концентраций метанола и ацетальдегида в виноматериалах. Различия в концентрациях остальных исследуемых показателей были незначительными. The paper presents studies results of the the qualitative and quantitative composition of wine materials volatile components obtained from fresh and frozen cherry fruits. It is noted, that the cherry fruits defrosting at room temperature led to the accumulation of increased concentrations of methanol and acetaldehyde in wine materials. Differences in the concentrations of the other studied parameters were insignificant.

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1000500
Author(s):  
Lucia Viegi ◽  
Mirko Boracchia ◽  
Roberto Cecotti ◽  
Aldo Tava

The volatile fractions of Centaurea arachnoidea and C. montis-borlae, two endemic species growing wild in the Apuan Alps (Tuscany, Italy), were isolated by steam distillation from fresh leaves and flowerheads, and analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. The yield of essential oil ranged from 0.01% to 0.09% of fresh material. A wide variety of volatile compounds was detected in the examined plant species and organs, both in qualitative and quantitative terms. Sesquiterpenes were the major constituents, ranging from 18.9% to 73.2% of the total oil. Alcohols (1.6-25.8%), aldehydes (1.5-12.0%), hydrocarbons (1.8-11.9%), acids (0.2-25.4%), esters (0.2-1.3%), monoterpenes (0.7-1.4%), and miscellaneous compounds (0.6-2.6%), were also detected in variable amounts in all different sample tissues. A series of unidentified compounds was also isolated from the two species, both in leaves and flowerheads, accounting for 2.4-6.7% of the total oil. According to MS spectral data, these substances were likely to be polyunsaturated compounds; moreover, they appear to be species-specific, as their presence was only detected in either one or the other Centaurea species.


Author(s):  
А.А. АЛЕКСЕЕВА ◽  
Н.Ю. КАЧАЕВА ◽  
Ю.Ф. ЯКУБА ◽  
С.Д. БУРЛАКА

Исследована возможность использования раствора сахарного сиропа для экстракции ароматобразующих веществ из листьев базилика. В качестве объектов исследования были свежие измельченные зеленые листья базилика и растворы сахарного сиропа 5, 10, 15 и 20%-й концентрации. Экстракты выдерживали при комнатной температуре в течение 1, 2 и 3 сут. В процессе выдерживания проводили отбор проб в объеме 2 мл и определяли качественный и количественный состав сложных эфиров методом газожидкостной хроматографии, а также наличие минеральных элементов методом капиллярного электрофореза. Обнаружены сложные эфиры: этилацетат (С2Н5–О–СО–СН3), этилкапроат (СН3–СО–(СН2)4–СН3), этилкаприлат (С2Н5–О–СО–(СН2)6–СН3), этилкапринат (С2Н5–О–СО–(СН2)8–СН3), этиллаурат (СН3–О–СО–(СН2)10–СН3) и этиллактат (С2Н5–О–СО–СН(ОН)–СН3). Установлено, что лучшее извлечение этилацетата при экстракции 10%-м сахарным сиропом составляет до 37,8 мг/дм3, 15%-м – до 34,36 мг/дм3. Этиллактат лучше извлекается раствором сахарного сиропа 20%-й концентрации – до 563,3 мг/дм3. Также сахарным сиропом были экстрагированы ацетальдегид, ацетоин, диацетил, 2,3-бутиленгликоль. Образование ацетоина происходит за счет конденсации двух молекул ацетальдегида. Присутствие диацетила и 2,3-бутиленгликоля можно объяснить образованием из ацетоина. В полученных экстрактах обнаружены, мг/дм3: калий – 500–680, натрий – 15–18, магний – 34–53, кальций – 83–125, аммоний – 10–20. Установлено, что примененных концентраций экстрагента недостаточно для полного извлечения сложных эфиров. The possibility of using sugar syrup solution for the extraction of aroma-forming substances from basil leaves is investigated. Fresh crushed green basil leaves and sugar syrup solutions of 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations were used as the objects of the study. The extracts were kept at room temperature for 1, 2 and 3 days. During the aging process, samples were taken in a volume of 2 ml and the qualitative and quantitative composition of esters was determined by gas-liquid chromatography, as well as the presence of mineral elements by capillary electrophoresis. Esters were found: ethyl acetate (C2H5–O–CO–CH3), ethylcaproate (CH3–CO–(CH2)4–CH3), ethylcaprilate (C2H5–O–CO–(CH2)6–CH3), ethylcaprinate (C2H5–O–CO–(CH2)8– -CH3), ethylaurate (CH3–O–CO–(CH2)10–CH3), and ethyllactate (C2H5–O–CO–CH(OH)–CH3). It was found that the best extraction of ethyl acetate when extracted with 10% sugar syrup is up to 37,8 mg/dm3, 15% – up to 34,36 mg/dm3. Ethyl lactate is better extracted with a solution of sugar syrup of 20% concentration – up to 563,3 mg/dm3. Also acetaldehyde, acetoin, diacetyl, and 2,3-butylene glycol were extracted with sugar syrup. The formation of acetoin occurs due to the condensation of two acetaldehyde molecules. The presence of diacetyl and 2,3-butylene glycol can be explained by the formation of acetoin. The obtained extracts contain, mg/dm3: potassium – 500–680, sodium – 15–18, magnesium – 34–53, calcium – 83–125, ammonium – 10–20. It was found that the applied extractant concentrations are not sufficient for the complete extraction of esters.


2018 ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
G. P. Smoylovskaya

The species of nettle (Urtica dioica) are used long ago as hemostaticum for hemorrhages of various genesis both in non-traditional and in official medicine. Besides, the extractions of nettle possess hypolipidemic, cholagogue, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic, prostatoprotective, adaptogenic properties, etc. Biologic activity of the nettle (Urtica dioica) is conditioned by the presence of various vitamins, carotenoids, proteins, flavonoids, hydroxycinnamic and organic acids, β-cytosterol, volatile compounds and other components. The aim of our study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatile content of nettle. The research has been done on aero-dried vegetable raw-material Urtica dioica L. (leaves), stocked in June 2014 in Zaporizhzhya region. Identification and assessment of a number for volatile components has been done on the chromatograph Agilent Technology 6890 N with mass-spectrometric detector 5973. Approximately 20 components have been revealed in the leaves of Urtica dioica: hexahydrofarnesilacetate (165,19 mc/kg) and squalene (99,59 mc/kg) are predominated. Phytol, 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol, nonacosane, etc. are presented in lesser number. The content of chrysanthenone, p-cymen-8-ol, verbenone, nerolidol, caryophyllene oxide, tricosane, tetracosane, heptacosane and untriacontane was insignificant (1,9% of the total amount of volatile components). Total number of volatile components in the leaves of Urtica dioica was 498,61 mc/mg. The research of qualitative composition and a number of volatile components in the leaves of Urtica dioica growing in Ukraine demonstrate expediency to carry out the further researches on the species Urtica dioica for using them in elaborating phytodrugs of complex action.


Author(s):  
R. Haswell ◽  
U. Bangert ◽  
P. Charsley

A knowledge of the behaviour of dislocations in semiconducting materials is essential to the understanding of devices which use them . This work is concerned with dislocations in alloys related to the semiconductor GaAs . Previous work on GaAs has shown that microtwinning occurs on one of the <110> rosette arms after indentation in preference to the other . We have shown that the effect of replacing some of the Ga atoms by Al results in microtwinning in both of the rosette arms.In the work to be reported dislocations in specimens of different compositions of Gax Al(1-x) As and Gax In(1-x) As have been studied by using micro indentation on a (001) face at room temperature . A range of electron microscope techniques have been used to investigate the type of dislocations and stacking faults/microtwins in the rosette arms , which are parallel to the [110] and [10] , as a function of composition for both alloys . Under certain conditions microtwinning occurs in both directions . This will be discussed in terms of the dislocation mobility.


Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  

Abstract HAYNES STELLITE 98M2 Alloy is a cobalt-base alloy having higher compressive strength and higher hardness than all the other cobalt-base alloys at room temperature and in the red heat range. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Co-22. Producer or source: Haynes Stellite Company.


1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (11) ◽  
pp. 2302-2308
Author(s):  
Karel Mocek ◽  
Erich Lippert ◽  
Emerich Erdös

The kinetics of the reaction of solid sodium carbonate with sulfur dioxide depends on the microstructure of the solid, which in turn is affected by the way and conditions of its preparation. The active form, analogous to that obtained by thermal decomposition of NaHCO3, emerges from the dehydration of Na2CO3 . 10 H2O in a vacuum or its weathering in air at room temperature. The two active forms are porous and have approximately the same specific surface area. Partial hydration of the active Na2CO3 in air at room temperature followed by thermal dehydration does not bring about a significant decrease in reactivity. On the other hand, if the preparation of anhydrous Na2CO3 involves, partly or completely, the liquid phase, the reactivity of the product is substantially lower.


2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Stanojevic ◽  
Mihajlo Stankovic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic

The anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from Hieracium pilosella L. (Asteraceae) whole plant were investigated. The total dry extracts were determined for all the investigated solvents: methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol (9:1). It was found that the highest yield was obtained by extraction with methanol (12.9 g/100 g of dry plant material). Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed by the HPLC method, using external standards. Chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and umbelliferone were detected in the highest quantity in the extracts. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the extracts depends on the solvent used. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The highest radical scavenging effect was observed in the methanolic extract, both with and without incubation, EC50 = 0.012 and EC50 = 0.015 mg ml-1, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and the fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) were determined by the disc diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for all the investigated extracts against all the mentioned microorganisms.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽  
Javid Hussain

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.


2013 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Sun ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Chao-Guo Yan

A fast and convenient protocol for the synthesis of novel spiro[dihydropyridine-oxindole] derivatives in satisfactory yields was developed by the three-component reactions of arylamine, isatin and cyclopentane-1,3-dione in acetic acid at room temperature. On the other hand the condensation of isatin with two equivalents of cyclopentane-1,3-dione gave 3,3-bis(2-hydroxy-5-oxo-cyclopent-1-enyl)oxindole in high yields. The reaction mechanism and substrate scope of this novel reaction is briefly discussed.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document