Students' perspectives on sexual harassment of genders in public places in the Southeast region

2021 ◽  
pp. 3-12
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Gender Interaction ◽  
Southeast Region ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Perceptions Of Students ◽  
Chi Square Test

Sexual harassment in public places is a matter of concern in Vietnam. The purpose of this article is to understand and explain gender differences in perceptions of sexual harassment in public places, which is based on Brooks Gardner's gender interaction perspective. The study used both quantitative analysis based on the Chi-square test procedure and analysis of in-depth interview data coded by NVivo software. Research results showed that there were gender differences in the perceptions of students in the Southeast region in terms of the forms, causes, and consequences of sexual harassment in public places. To improve understanding and reduce gender differences, it is necessary to organize communication activities to raise awareness and skills to prevent this evil in universities.

scholarly journals 350. Neurocysticercosis – Gender Differences in Clinical Presentations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S244-S244
Author(s):  
Bharath Pendyala ◽  
Prasanth Lingamaneni ◽  
Patricia DeMarais ◽  
Lakshmi Warrior ◽  
Gregory Huhn
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Diagnostic Code ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Generalized Seizures ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Reported Data

Abstract Background Neurocysticercosis is a Neglected Tropical Disease and an important public health issue. Our goal was to collect and analyze data regarding clinically significant gender differences among our Neurocysticercosis patients. Methods A retrospective chart search with ICD 9/ ICD 10 diagnostic code for Neurocysticercosis and neuroimaging suggestive of Neurocysticercosis was performed for clinical encounters in the hospital or affiliated clinics between years 2013–2018. After a careful chart review, patients who were clinically diagnosed with Neurocysticercosis were included in the study. T-test was used to compare means of continuous variables and chi-square test to compare proportions of categorical variables. Results Among 90 total patients included, male (49.4%) and female (50.6%) distribution were nearly identical. The mean age in females was found to be higher than males (52.5 vs 42.0, P < 0.0001). Almost an equal number of males and females presented with either seizures (63.6% vs 57.8%, P= 0.85), headaches (25.0% vs 28.9%, p= 0.85), or other symptoms (11.4% vs 13.3%, p= 0.85). Males had more generalized seizures compared to females (60% vs 38%, P= 0.37), although this result was not statistically significant. Females were more likely to present with > 1 lesion (82.2% vs 56.8%, P= 0.01). Males were more likely to have cystic lesions (64.7% vs 27.9%, P < 0.001) compared to females who had more calcified lesions on presentation (65.1% vs 20.6%, P < 0.001). Male patients were more likely to have contrast enhancement or edema surrounding the lesions (61.4% vs 33.3%, P= 0.01) and were more likely to require treatment with Albendazole/Praziquantel (75.8% vs 31.7%, P < 0.001). Conclusion Although previously reported data is limited, there is a suggestion that there are gender differences in host immune response and that inflammation surrounding parenchymal lesions is more intense in females. This study suggests that men either present early in the disease phase or have different immune responses than women and require anti-parasitic therapy more frequently. More research in this aspect is needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Use of Dietary Supplements by Elite Figure Skaters

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula J. Ziegler ◽  
Judy A. Nelson ◽  
Satya S. Jonnalagadda
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Figure Skaters ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Total Fat

The present study examined the prevalence of dietary supplement use among elite figure skaters, gender differences in supplement use, and differences in nutrient intake of supplement users versus non-users. Male (n = 46) and female (n = 59) figure skaters completed a supplement survey and 3-day food records. Descriptive analysis, chi-square test, and independent t tests were used to analyze the data. Sixty-five percent of male (n = 30) and 76% of female (n = 45) figure skaters reported use of supplements. Forty-seven percent of males and 55% of females reported daily use of supplements. Multivitamin-mineral supplements were the most popular dietary supplements consumed by figure skaters. Significant gender differences were observed in the use of multivitamin-mineral supplements (61% males vs. 83% females, p < .05). Echinacea and ginseng were popular herbal supplements used by these skaters. The 3 main reasons given by male figure skaters for taking supplements were: to provide more energy (41%), to prevent illness or disease (34%), and to enhance performance (21%). Among female figure skaters, the 3 main reasons given were: to prevent illness or disease (61%), to provide more energy (39%), and to make up for an inadequate diet (28%). Significant differences (p < .05) were observed in protein, total fat, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat intakes, and % energy from carbohydrate and total fat of male supplement users versus non-users, with supplement users having higher intakes except for percent energy from carbohydrate. Sodium was the only nutrient significantly different (p < .05) among female supplement users versus non-users, with supplement users having lower intakes. Given the popularity of dietary supplements, it is important to understand the factors influencing athletes’ use of supplements, their knowledge and attitudes regarding supplements, dosage of supplements used, and the effectiveness of these dietary supplements in meeting the goals of the athletes.

Retailing Strategies of West African Itinerant Immigrant Traders in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-76
Author(s):  
Elijah Yendaw ◽  
Akanganngang Joseph Asitik ◽  
Stanley Kojo Dare
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
West African ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Street Vending ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Retail Strategy ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Chi Square Test

While Ghana remains a key destination for West African itinerant immigrant traders, studies examining their retail strategies appear missing in the Ghanaian migration literature. Applying the mixed methods design, quantitative and qualitative data were obtained from 779 immigrant vendors and 9 immigrant key informants. In tandem with this design (mixed methods), interview schedule and in-depth interview guide were employed to collect the data for analysis. The results indicate that most of the respondents exhibited their entrepreneurial prowess by constructing a network of clients around their business. The findings indicate that they sustained their clients by selling their wares at reduced prices with the supplier price being the determinant. Such traders usually prefer cash payments for their products with street vending being their main itinerant retail strategy. Primarily, most of them advertised their wares by shouting to draw attention to what they sell while others increased their sales using flattery and persuasive language. The Chi-square test results revealed a significant nexus between the immigrant vendors’ countries of origin and the various techniques they used to retail their goods. The study unveils the fact that aspiring entrepreneurs and shop retailers could experiment the pricing strategy of these immigrant traders, to increase sale values.

НАУЧНАЯ ДИСКУССИЯ О ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАХ ФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИХ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЗАПРОСОВ И ПРОБЛЕМ В НАПРАВЛЕНИИ ПРОФЕССИИ ФАРМАЦЕВТОВ, РОЛИ, ПРОБЛЕМ, ИННОВАЦИЙ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВ В ФАРМАЦЕВТИКЕ И В МЕДИЦИНЕ ГЛОБАЛЬНО / THE SCIENTIFIC DISCUSSION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF PHARMACEUTICAL VOCATIONAL INQUIRES AND CHALLENGES IN THE DIRECTION ON PHARMACISTS’ PROFESSION, ROLE, PROBLEMS, INNOVATIONS, AND PERSPECTIVES IN PHARMACEUTICS AND MEDICINE GLOBALLY

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Nodar Sulashvili ◽  
Margarita Beglaryan ◽  
Nana Gorgaslidze ◽  
Tamar Chikviladze ◽  
Irine Zarnadze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Quantitative Investigation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Study Questionnaire

Основная цель исследования заключалась в анализе характеристик фармацевтических профессиональных запросов и проблем в направлении профессии фармацевта, роли, проблем, перспектив и инноваций в фармацевтике и медицине в Грузии. Исследование представляло собой количественное исследование и анализ характеристик фармацевтических профессиональных запросов и проблем в направлении профессии фармацевта, роли, проблем, перспектив и инноваций в фармацевтике и медицине в Грузии с использованием анкет. Были проведены анкетные исследования. В исследовании использовался метод глубинного интервью с респондентами. Было использовано 7 типов утвержденных анкет (респонденты были отобраны случайным образом): Анкета для главных фармацевтов: в исследовании приняли участие 410 главных фармацевтов. Анкета для пациентов: в исследовании приняли участие 1506 пациентов (покупателей аптек). Анкета для трудоустроенного студента фармацевтического факультета: В исследовании приняли участие 222 трудоустроенных студента фармацевтического факультета. Анкета для специалистов здравоохранения: в исследовании приняли участие 307 специалистов в области общественного здравоохранения. Анкета для фармацевтов-специалистов, в исследовании приняли участие 810 фармацевтов-специалистов. Были использованы методы систематического, социологического (анкетирование, анкетирование), сравнительного, математико-статистического, графического анализа. Данные обрабатывались и анализировались с помощью программы SPSS. Мы провели описательную статистику и регрессионный анализ, чтобы обнаружить связь между переменными. Статистический анализ проводился в SPSS версии 11.0. Для оценки статистической значимости и различий применялся критерий хи-квадрат. Мы определили p <0,05 как значимое для всех анализов. / The main objective of the study was to analyze the characteristics of pharmaceutical vocational inquires and challenges in the direction of pharmacists’ profession, role, problems, perspectives and innovations in pharmaceutics and medicine in Georgia. The study was a quantitative investigation and analysis of the characteristics of pharmaceutical vocational inquires and challenges in the direction of pharmacists’ profession, role, problems, perspectives and innovations in pharmaceutics and medicine in Georgia by using questionnaires. Were conducted a survey study. The in-depth interview method of the respondents was used in the study. The 7 types of approved questionnaires were used (Respondents were randomly selected): Questionnaire for chief pharmacists: 410 chief pharmacists participated in the study. Questionnaire for patients: 1506 patients (customers of drug-stores) participated in the study. Questionnaire for the employed pharmacy faculty-student: 222 employed pharmacy faculty students participated in the study. Questionnaire for health-care specialists: 307 public health specialists participated in the study. Questionnaire for pharmacist specialists, 810 pharmacist specialists participated in the study. Were used methods of systematic, sociological (surveying, questioning), comparative, mathematical-statistical, graphical analysis. The data were processed and analyzed with the SPSS program. We conducted descriptive statistics and regression analyses to detect an association between variables. Statistical analysis was done in SPSS version 11.0. A Chi-square test was applied to estimate the statistical significance and differences. We defined p< 0.05 as significant for all analyses.

A simulation study on the accuracy of cryptographic randomness tests

SIMULATION ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1113-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haydar Demirhan ◽  
Nihan Bitirim
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Study ◽  
Test Procedure ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Type I ◽  
Hypothesis Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Monte Carlo Simulation Study ◽  
Randomness Test ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Randomness Tests

Randomness provided by pseudo-random number generators is the one of the most vital parts of cryptographic applications. There are two gaps in the cryptographic randomness test procedures used to evaluate the degree of randomness. Firstly, although there are more accurate alternatives, the usual chi-square test is directly applied regardless of the predictive power of the tests. Secondly, although there are more than 100 cryptographic randomness tests available in the literature of cryptography, the statistical characteristics and accuracy of those hypothesis tests have not been figured out by an extensive simulation study. To conduct appropriate and reliable hypothesis tests, the main statistical characteristics of the tests should be studied. In this article, the usage of alternatives to the chi-square test, such as Anderson–Darling, Kolmogorov–Smirnov, and Jarque–Bera tests, in testing the cryptographic randomness is proposed to get better statistical properties. Also, the effects of type-I error, sensitivity, specificity, power, negative predictive value, and goodness-of-fit tests on the accuracy of recently proposed and existing cryptographic randomness tests are evaluated by an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study. The results are beneficial for practitioners wishing to choose the most appropriate cryptographic randomness test procedure and for the evaluation of accuracy of the cryptographic randomness tests in the detection of non-randomness for cryptographic applications.

EFL Students' Sustainable Educational Development Competencies with Regard to English for Academic Purposes (EAP)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hakan Aydogan
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
English Proficiency ◽  
Educational Development ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
English For Academic Purposes ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Research Questions

: The chief scope of this study was to examine students' competencies related to English for academic purposes (EAP). The research questions included the relationships between students' interest in academic writing, their level of English proficiency, as well as subjective and objective measures of their EAP sustainable educational development competencies. A total of 152 Turkish students participated this study, out of which 80 (52.6%) were females and 72 (47.4%) were males. All of them were asked to take a short test which measures their EAP knowledge and to estimate their level of EAP educational sustainable development competencies and interest in academic writing. Both descriptive and inferential statistical procedures (correlational analysis, chi-square test and independent samples t-test) were used to answer the research questions. Firstly, the findings revealed positive correlations between the objective measure of EAP knowledge, self-reports of EAP sustainable educational development competences and interest in academic writing. Secondly, the EAP test showed to be difficult for students. Thirdly, statistically significant gender differences were found only in case of English proficiency levels where females outperformed males. Gender differences in academic writing have not been investigated so far. Additionally, the relationship between subjective and objective measures of EAP skills in EFL context has not been examined before.

scholarly journals Gender Differences and Consumer Behavior of Millennials

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radojka Kraljević ◽  
Zrinka Filipović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Millennial Generation ◽  
Consumer Behaviour ◽  
Loyalty Programs ◽  
Price Sensitivity ◽  
Student Survey ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Abstract Millennial generation is considered the largest and best educated and therefore presents challenges to marketers. This paper aims to examine the gender differences in consumer behaviour of students - generation y. The study identifies gender differences in purchase behaviour, loyalty, price sensitivity and shopping habits. The empirical analysis is based on data obtained from a student survey (N=118; M=40, 68%, F=59, 32%). The data were analysed using chi-square test. Our findings suggest that women are more sensitive to price than men. They also belong more to the loyalty programs and use more loyalty awards schemes. Although the millennial generation has the reputation for being digital our study shows that they actually like visiting the stores instead of shopping online although the statistically significant difference is not found.

scholarly journals Study on Factors of People’s Wearing Masks Based on Two Online Surveys: Cross-Sectional Evidence from China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3447
Author(s):  
Ling Zhang ◽  
Sirong Zhu ◽  
Hui Yao ◽  
Mengying Li ◽  
Guanglin Si ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
High Rate ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Control

(1) Background: To analyze factors of people’s wearing masks based on two online surveys, and to explore whether living area factor or quarantine status could have an impact on mask-wearing. (2) Methods: Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to explore the influence of different factors on people’s behavior of mask-wearing in the present study. R3.6.2 was used for data cleaning, SPSS 26.0 was used to conduct corresponding statistical analysis, and a two-sided p-value less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. (3) Results: According to our study, the proportion of participants who wore face masks was higher than 90.0% in both surveys. Single factor analysis showed that the proportion of people wearing face masks raised with the increase of people’s education, age, and monthly income (Yuan) in both surveys. People who lived in rural areas were less likely to wear masks. Mask-wearing rate was lower in the isolated individuals than in the non-isolated ones. (4) Conclusions: Masks-wearing is one of the effective measures for COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control. After the Chinese government made wearing face masks mandatory in public places, most residents in China had developed the habit of wearing masks, contributing to the high rate of masks-wearing in China. However, people in rural areas need to raise their awareness of wearing masks. Meanwhile, the mask-wearing of the isolated individuals needs to be enhanced.

scholarly journals Understanding, Experience and Response to Sexual Harassment among the Female Students: A Mixed Method Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-430
Author(s):  
Radhika Thapalia ◽  
Raja Ram Dhungana ◽  
Samir Kumar Adhikari ◽  
Achyut Raj Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Secondary Students ◽  
Mixed Method ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Mixed Method Study ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Parental Occupation ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background: Sexual harassment has received global attention and has been recognized as a public health problem with increased physical and mental health risks among the victims. This study attempted to assess understanding, experience, response and effect of sexual harassment among the secondary school female students in Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: It was a mixed method study conducted among 441 secondary level female students. In quantitative component, a structured questionnaire was used to collect information relating to socio-demographic characteristics, and understanding, experience, response and effect of sexual harassment from 441 participants from three clusters (schools) of Tokha Municipality, Kathmandu. For qualitative method, two focused group discussions were conducted to assess the understanding of and response to sexual harassment. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed using Chi square test and thematic analysis method respectively.Results: Around 76% of the participants had experienced some forms of sexual harassment in their life. Sexual harassment was significantly associated with religion and parental occupation. Majority of participants who faced sexual harassment reported that the perpetrators were strangers and they either ignored it or did nothing at the time of events. School, roads and public places were the most common settings where participants encountered sexual harassment.Conclusions: Sexual harassment is prevalent among female secondary students in Kathmandu. However, they lacked a clear understating of and ways to respond to sexual harassment. Raising awareness to recognize and respond to different forms of harassment and to change the victim-blaming attitudes can be a potential strategy for tackling the problem in Nepalese society. Keywords: Abuse; sexual harassment; victimization; violence.

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