scholarly journals Thermal and oxidative stability of the Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil/β-cyclodextrin supramolecular system

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 2809-2820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel I Hădărugă ◽  
Nicoleta G Hădărugă ◽  
Corina I Costescu ◽  
Ioan David ◽  
Alexandra T Gruia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Oxidative Degradation ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Supramolecular System ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

Ocimum basilicum L. essential oil and its β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) complex have been investigated with respect to their stability against the degradative action of air/oxygen and temperature. This supramolecular system was obtained by a crystallization method in order to achieve the equilibrium of complexed–uncomplexed volatile compounds in an ethanol/water solution at 50 °C. Both the raw essential oil and its β-CD complex have been subjected to thermal and oxidative degradation conditions in order to evaluate the protective capacity of β-CD. The relative concentration of the O. basilicum L. essential oil compounds, as determined by GC–MS, varies accordingly with their sensitivity to the thermal and/or oxidative degradation conditions imposed. Furthermore, the relative concentration of the volatile O. basilicum L. compounds found in the β-CD complex is quite different in comparison with the raw material. An increase of the relative concentration of linalool oxide from 0.3% to 1.1%, in addition to many sesquiterpene oxides, has been observed. β-CD complexation of the O. basilicum essential oil modifies the relative concentration of the encapsulated volatile compounds. Thus, linalool was better encapsulated in β-CD, while methylchavicol (estragole) was encapsulated in β-CD at a concentration close to that of the raw essential oil. Higher relative concentrations from the degradation of the oxygenated compounds such as linalool oxide and aromadendren oxide were determined in the raw O. basilicum L. essential oil in comparison with the corresponding β-CD complex. For the first time, the protective capability of natural β-CD for labile basil essential oil compounds has been demonstrated.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activities of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) essential oil against several oral pathogens and its volatile compounds

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Henny Zaliyana Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Tuan Nadrah Naim Tuan Ismail ◽  
Erry Mochamad Arief ◽  
Kannan Thirumulu Ponnuraj
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Cymbopogon Nardus ◽  
Oral Pathogens

Introduction: Cymbopogon nardus is a strong aromatic plant with relevant medicinal properties due to its essential chemical compounds and its potential therapeutic effects. This study was aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activities of citronella essential oil against several oral pathogens and to identify the volatile compounds. Methods: The essential oil of C. nardus was purchased from Excellent Wisdom Sdn. Bhd., Malaysia. The source of raw material was collected from Malacca, the southern region of Malaysia, and the company made its taxonomic identification. An experimental in-vitro study was conducted on the essential oil processed from C. nardus genus Cymbopogon of Poaceae family. The in-vitro antimicrobial activities of C. nardus essential oil were evaluated against Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus sobrinus (ATCC 33478), and Candida albicans (ATCC 10231) using agar well diffusion assay. The identification of the volatile compounds was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results: The C. nardus essential oil exhibited inhibitory activity against C. albicans at the concentration of 6.25%, whereby the inhibitory activity against S. mutans and S. sobrinus began at the concentration of 25%. The antimicrobial activity of C. nardus essential oil was statistically significant at the concentration of 50% in all tested pathogens. The GC-MS analysis of the C. nardus essential oil revealed the presence of few constituents, which include monoterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes and phenolic compounds. Monoterpenes were the major identified terpenoids and contributed to 54.45% of the total volatile composition. The main identified monoterpenes were citronellal (11.35%), z-Citral (11.34%), β-Myrcene (6.70%), and β-Trans-ocimene (6.03%), which was the first time β-Myrcene and β-Trans-ocimene was found in high percentage. Conclusion: C. nardus essential oil is an active antibacterial agent against several oral pathogens, and the percentages of active volatile compounds are different within different origins.

scholarly journals Volatile Organic Compounds of the Glandular Trichomes of Ocimum basilicum and Artifacts during the Distillation of the Leaves

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7312
Author(s):  
Bruno Tirillini ◽  
Filippo Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Capitate Trichomes ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Main Components

Focusing on volatile organic compounds (VOC) of Ocimum basilicum, this study aims to determine the chemical composition of VOC in secretory trichomes and compare it with that of essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves. The technique of extracting the content of glandular trichomes refers to the microneedle shuttle analysis. Hydrodistillation of fresh leaves was done with a Clevenger distiller (EO). The chemical compositions were determined by GC/FID and GC/MS. The head of the capitate trichomes does not contain volatile compounds. Fifty volatile compounds were detected in the EO, and twenty-four volatile compounds were detected in the VOC; the main components were eugenol (from 15.47% ± 1.05% to 41.89% ± 2.83%) and linalool (from 32.05% ± 2.57% to 28.99% ± 2.32%), respectively. During the distillation of the basil leaves 26 artifacts are formed. The composition of the essential oil of O. basilicum therefore depends not only on the plant but also on the method used to obtain it.

Wpływ nawożenia mineralnego na plon ziela bazylii pospolitej (Ocimum basilicum L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Romuald Mordalski ◽  
Waldemar Buchwald ◽  
Wojciech A. Kucharski ◽  
Hanna Zalińska ◽  
Anna Forycka
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
The Impact

Introduction. Common basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is one of the most valued and widely used spice plants. The highly valued raw material requires properly prepared soil, mainly rich in nutritions. Traditional use of single-component fertilizers, such as nitrochalk, superphosphate and potassium salt does not guarantee its uniform sowing in the field. The multi-component fertilizer is a safer option. Aim. The investigation was performer in order to assess the impact of multi-component fertilizers on the size and some quality features of the yield of common basil in experimental nutrient works. Material and methods. Three experimental nutrient works were performed in 2013-2015 in the cold greenhouse of the Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants (Plewiska, Poland) with use of common basil cvar. ”Wala” seedlings. Fresh and dry mass of herb (after drying in a thermal dryer to a constant weight) and the content of essential oil (by steam distillation in the Deryng apparatus). The outcomes were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance). Results. The increase in dry matter of herb was noted with use of Salmag S fertilizer, as compared to the combination with traditional one-component fertilizers, regardless of the level of fertilization. The content of essential oil in the raw material did not depend on the type and size of the fertilizer used. Conclusions. The research results justify the use of specific multicomponent fertilizers in the cultivation of basil and will be implemented into practice (training, consulting) as a part of the introduction of rational fertilization principles.

scholarly journals GC/MS chemical analysis of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) hydrolat: Successive extraction fractions

2020 ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
Dejan Pljevljakušić ◽  
Zorica Drinić
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Cycle Number ◽  
Liquid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Successive Extraction ◽  
Linalool Oxide ◽  
Extraction Cycle

Hydrolats are valuable co-products of the essential oil distillation process, whose volatile compounds can be quantified by various methods. In this paper, we have tried to estimate the liquid-liquid extraction cycle number threshold for volatile compounds quantification of lavandin (Lavandula x intermedia) hydrolat. For this purpose, ten consecutive hydrolat extractions with n-hexane were analyzed GC/MS with hexadecane (C16) as an internal standard and compared with the lavandin essential oil. The chemical composition of the lavandin hydrolat showed similarity with its essential oil to the great extent, while volatile compounds dissolved in hydrolat exclusively belonged to the class of oxygenated monoterpenes. The total amount of extracted compounds has been estimated to 2174.2 mg/L, where the most dominant compounds in lavandin hydrolat were cisand trans-furanoid linalool oxide (676.3 and 634.1 mg/L, respectively), followed by much smaller amounts of linalool, camphor, and 1,8-cineole (167.6, 157.0, and 148.2 mg/L, respectively). Cumulative recoveries of total compounds yield after the third, fifth, and eighth extractions were 88 %, 96 %, and 99 %, respectively. Combined fraction analysis confirmed that in the first 5 cycles more than 95 % of the total yield (from 10 cycles) of extracted volatile compounds can be collected. Based on the results of this study, for volatile compounds quantification in lavandin hydrolat, 5 cycles of n-hexane liquid-liquid extraction can be recommended.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Polymorphism of Hungarian Common Thyme (Thymus Glabrescens Willd.) Populations

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0800300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Pluhár ◽  
Szilvia Sárosi ◽  
Ildikó Novák ◽  
Gabriella Kutta
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Linalyl Acetate ◽  
Germacrene D ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

The volatile oil compositions of Thymus glabrescens Willd. from eight different localities of Hungary were analyzed by GC/MS. Significant essential oil polymorphism was found: eight new chemovarieties may have been determined, representing a way of adaptation to the different habitat conditions. The main volatile compounds of chemotype 1 (Csesznek) were thymol (34.2%), γ-terpinene (26.2%) and p-cymene (16.4%). In the case of chemotype 2 (Várpalota), germacrene D (55.4%) and β-caryophyllene (14.8%) were identified as chief constituents. Chemotype 3 (Szentbékkálla) contained thymol (32.9%), β-caryophyllene (16.5%) and germacrene D (17.6%), while chemotype 4 (Várvölgy) accumulated α-cubebene (50.9%) and β-caryophyllene (22.9%) as the main volatiles. The oil of chemotype 5 (Várgesztes) can be characterized by geraniol (49.0%) and germacrene D (13.6%), while that of chemotype 6 (Tardosbánya) consisted of p-cymene (45.0%), geraniol (13.6%) and linalyl acetate (9.9%). In the oil of chemotype 7 (Salgó Hill), thymol (14.4%), germacrone (12.1%) and geraniol (10.8%) were found in higher percentages, while chemotype 8 (Pásztó) produced thymol (29.3%) and germacrene D (14.2%) as its main essential oil compounds. The existence of thymol chemotypes in the case of T. glabrescens is new for the literature.

scholarly journals Water solubility of clary sage essential oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 126-131
Author(s):  
Zh. А. Shaova ◽  
Z. Sh. Daguzhieva
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
High Solubility ◽  
Limited Solubility ◽  
Intracellular Movement ◽  
The One

The article provides data on the degree of solubility of essential oils in water. Essential oils are considered as compounds that are completely insoluble or slightly soluble, or refer to substances with a certain, limited, solubility. The distillation of the essential oil from the raw material is preceded by its dissolution in water and hydrodiffusion in the solution beyond the limits of the essential oil containers. The solubility of essential oils in water, apparently, plays an important role in living plants during their intracellular movement and removal outside the cells. To clarify the concepts, samples of primary and secondary oils obtained in production have been examined. The solubility of clary sage oil at 20○C reaches a significant value (0.094% for primary one, 0.406% for secondary one), but with an increase in temperature up to 40○C it decreases to 17-15%. Further study of the GLC data shows that the change in the percentage is due to an increase in the content of cineole and unidentified components in the oil, which have a relatively high solubility, hardly noticeable in the primary oil and accumulate in the secondary one and in the one isolated from the primary one. In the sample isolated from the water solution of the secondary oil there are 2 unidentified components located between cineole and linalool and apparently having increased solubility. Due to this, the percentage of linalool in the oil isolated from the solution decreases, but the absolute amount of the latter in 100 ml of the solution increases 2,58 times compared to the oil isolated from the primary oil solution.

scholarly journals Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oil of Bacopa caroliniana and Interactive Effects of Individual Compounds on the Activity

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tai-Ti Liu ◽  
Louis Kuo-Ping Chao ◽  
Kai-Siang Hong ◽  
Yi-Jhen Huang ◽  
Tsung-Shi Yang
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
The Impact

Bacopa caroliniana (BC) is a perennial creeping herb and popular aquarium plant. This plant is easily cultivated; consequently, it has the potential to be a raw material which is readily available for mass production if it contains useful bioactive substances. The information about the functionality of this plant has been very limited. Therefore, the aims of this research were to analyze the composition of the essential oil (EO) of BC and to study its insecticidal effect on rice weevils. Moreover, the interactive effects of active compounds of the EO on this activity were also investigated. A total of 18 volatile compounds was identified, accounting for ca. 94% of the BC-EO in terms of quantity. Of them, α-terpinolene was the largest compound. The impact of individual volatile compounds on the inhibition of acetylcholine esterase and insecticidal activity were determined. α-Terpinolene exhibited the highest activity on these assays. Both additive and synergistic effects existed in terms of the insecticidal activity. Many compounds found in the BC-EO are widely present in other EOs. Thus, the information obtained from this study is useful for EO-related research, applications in selecting EOs or in seeking the best combination of EOs or individual compounds to achieve efficient insecticidal effects.

scholarly journals Molecular Docking Studies of Aromatherapy Oils Against SARS-COV-2

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurice De Jesus ◽  
Jokent Gaza ◽  
Hiyas A. Junio ◽  
Ricky Nellas
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Methyl Salicylate ◽  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Spike Protein ◽  
Molecular Docking Studies ◽  
International Response ◽  
Essential Oil Compounds

<div>Emerging from Wuhan, China in December 2019, the SARS-CoV-2 virus has spread rapidly, prompting an immediate international response to contain the disease. In this paper, the most abundant volatile compounds in household aromatherapy ointments, namely, methyl salicylate, eucalyptol, α-pinene, menthol, camphor, linalool, and trans-pinocarveol were docked to key structures in SARS-CoV-2 invasion: its spike protein, and the human ACE2 and TMPRSS2 proteins. Based on the molecular docking results, the essential oil compounds methyl salicylate, eucalyptol, and α-pinene exhibit favorable binding to ACE2 and spike proteins. These compounds may be considered for clinical investigation.</div>

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