Linguocognitive Aspects of the Dynamic of Verbalisation the Conceptial Space „Trade“

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 268-285
Author(s):  
Valentina Kolesnik ◽  
Galina Yarotskaya
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Economic Consciousness ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Commercial Trade

The article explores systemic lingual and speech facts objectifying trade, which are fixated in lexicographical sources. Comprehensible, exemplary, and values-based characteristics of trade are established. This establishment allows the discussion of the fact that in the commonplace, economic consciousness of a native speaker of the Russian language and Russian linguaculture, the following notional components of the logico-rational conceptualization of trade are present (evidently or not evidently): 1) entrepreneurship; 2) buying-selling, circulation of products; 3) obtainment of advantages. Figuratively-evaluative components of the conceptualization characterize trade as an activity which entails betrayal and deception, unfair profits and “lucre” (barysh), which allow discussion of the presence of (evidently or not evidently) the following notional components of the logico-rational conceptualization of trade in the commonplace economic consciousness of a native speaker of Russian and linguaculture: 1) entrepreneurship; 2) buying-selling, circulation of products; 3) obtainment of profits.Values-based components are presented in an aphorismic representation, mutually excluding normative judgements related to trade links and theft, truthfulness and lies in a product’s commercial, business and familial ties in bargaining, necessity of obtaining a profit while at the same time retaining moral values. The defining characteristic of the perception of a bargain situation is the presence of mutually exclusive norms of behavior during the buying and selling of products: deceiving is forbidden and allowed, familial ties are taken into account and ignored, there is and there is not a link between trade and theft. These contradictions can be explained with famous cultural dominations in Russian lingual consciousness: the necessity of living according to the laws of higher justice and the resulting maximalism in the evaluation of the reality of life, and thus negative evaluation of the material enrichment of individuals. Logico-rational conceptualizations of trade in lingual consciousness identify the following peculiar qualities: 1) thorough linguocognitive elaboration on the name of the salesperson in the form of several nicknames, given to the salesperson depending on the produced and realized product, 2) conceptual (and associative) connections between the lexeme to sell and resell, buy and bribe, 3) unification of semantic characteristics in the words “producer” and “seller of product” in one nomination, which negates the presence of commercial, trade activity as mediation, 4) negative evaluation of aspiration to unfair advantages (barysh) and 5) presence of mutually exclusive behavior norms during bargaining.

scholarly journals Verbalization of basic emotions on the material of the national corpus of the russian language: comparative analysis of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Elena Nikolaevna Goots ◽  
Elena Dmitrievna Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Basic Emotions ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus ◽  
Modern Russian

Modern linguistics is characterized by anthropocentrism, in the center of its research attention are questions about a person based on his integrity and exclusivity. This article is devoted to the study of the verbalization of such basic emotions as fear and horror. The subject of the research is the features of the basic emotions of fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The work was carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The purpose of the work is to identify and define the features of the verbalization of emotions fear and horror in the modern Russian language. The relevance of the study is due to the inevitable dependence of every sphere of a person's life on his emotional state. Despite the extensive study of emotions by psychology, psycholinguistics, linguistics, a number of questions remain in this problem. The materials of the Russian National Corpus provide great opportunities for studying the verbalization of the emotions of a native speaker of the Russian language in various genres and styles, which allows reaching a new level of research. The peculiarity of the study of emotions is found in the variety of linguistic means of their expression, which include the appropriate vocabulary, phraseological constructions and a certain compatibility. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the comparative analysis of the verbalization of the basic emotions of fear and horror is carried out on the basis of the material of the National Corpus of the Russian language. In the course of the work, the following methods were used: descriptive, involving the analysis of both theoretical and empirical material, generalization and interpretation of the results obtained; component analysis; introspection method; comparative and comparative and statistical methods. The practical significance of the study is due to the fact that its materials and conclusions can be used in university courses in lexicology, lexicography, psycholinguistics.

Интенсификаторы в русском языке XXI века: словообразование, семантика, синтагматика и динамика оценки**

2021 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Category ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Pragmatic Aspect ◽  
Media Texts ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
The Russian Language

Исследование выполнено в русле актуального антропоцентрического направления в лингвистике и связано с изучением активных процессов в современном русском языке, отражающих динамику русского национального менталитета и русской языковой картины мира. В статье рассматривается такое глубинное свойство русской речи, как эмоциональность, которая проявляется в языковых ка-тегориях оценочности и интенсивности.Цель исследования – установление связи между категориями оценочности и интенсивности на материале словообразовательных и лексико-семантических единиц из лексикографических источ-ников и медийных текстов.В результате исследования охарактеризованы словообразовательные и лексико-семантические интенсификаторы в функционально-прагматическом аспекте. К словообразовательным интенси-фикаторам относятся словообразовательные аффиксы, аффиксоиды (в основном размерно-оценоч-ной семантики) и отдельные способы словообразования (в частности некоторые разновидности способа сложения). К лексическим интенсификаторам относятся отдельные виды лексем: оценочно универсальные интенсификаторы; интенсификаторы, тяготеющие к выражению положительной или отрицательной оценки (в определенном контексте); интенсификаторы, выражающие (по сво-ей семантике) положительную или отрицательную оценку. В статье показано такое расширение функционального диапазона интенсификаторов, как оценочная амбивалентность размерно-оце-ночных аффиксов, оксюморонность и амбивалентность лексических интенсификаторов.Одним из векторов развития лексических интенсификаторов является синтагматическое рас-ширение, в результате которого в речи возникают и закрепляются всё новые словосочетания, не соответствующие традиции употребления и нарушающие сложившиеся правила лексической со-четаемости, закрепленные в словарях. Расширение сочетаемости служит условием семантических и оценочных трансформаций интенсификатора. Употребление интенсификатора в оценочно дис-сонирующем окружении выполняет в тексте определенные прагматические и стилистические цели (повышение экспрессивности текста, создание эффекта оксюморона, иронии или шутки). При этом обилие таких употреблений в медийных, художественных тестах и в разговорной речи, а также по-вторяемость моделей синтагматического смещения говорит о динамике развития оценки в классе лексических интенсификаторов в русском языке новейшего периода. Оценочное расширение, когда «положительно ориентированные» интенсификаторы вторгаются в зону негативных явлений, и на-оборот, негативные характеристики – в зону явлений позитивных, рассматривается как тенденция к снятию оценочных ограничений и к универсализации оценки.Явления, описанные в статье, в целом показывают развитие семантической категории интенсив-ности в русском языке XXI века, находящее выражение в динамике таких ее составляющих, как способы словообразования, словообразовательные единицы, лексические единицы.The research is based on the current anthropocentric trend in linguistics and is related to the study of active processes in the modern Russian language reflecting the dynamics of the Russian national mentality and the Russian linguistic image of the world. The paper considers such a deep property of Russian speech as emotionality, which is manifested in the language categories of evaluation and intensity.The purpose of the research is to establish the relationship between the categories of evaluation and intensity based on the material of word-building and lexical-semantic units from lexicographic sources and media texts.As a result of the research, word-building and lexical-semantic intensifiers are characterized in the functional-pragmatic aspect. Word-building intensifiers include word-formative affixes, affixoids (mainly of dimensional-evaluative semantics), and various means of word-building (in particular, some varieties of composition). Lexical intensifiers include certain types of lexemes: evaluative universal intensifiers; intensifiers that tend to express positive or negative evaluation (in a certain context); intensifiers that express (by their semantics) positive or negative evaluation. The paper shows such an extension of the functional range of intensifiers as the estimated ambivalence of dimensional-evaluative affixes, oxymoron quality, and the ambivalence of lexical intensifiers.One of the vectors of the development of lexical intensifiers is syntagmatic expansion, which results in emerging in speech and fixing new word combinations that do not correspond to the tradition of usage and violate the established rules of lexical compatibility fixed in dictionaries. The combinability extension serves as a condition for semantic and evaluative transformations of the intensifier. The use of an intensifier in an evaluative dissonant environment fulfils certain pragmatic and stylistic goals in the text (increasing the expressiveness of the text, creating the effect of an oxymoron, irony, or joke). The abundance of such instances of use in media texts, literary works, and spoken language as well as the repeatability of syntagmatic bias models indicates the dynamics of evaluation in the class of lexical intensifiers in the Russian language of the modern period. Evaluation expansion, when “positively oriented” intensifiers invade the zone of negative phenomena, and vice versa, negative characteristics in the zone of positive phenomena, is considered as a tendency to remove evaluation restrictions and to universalize evaluation.The phenomena described in the paper generally show the development of the semantic category of intensity in the Russian language of the 21st century, which is expressed in the dynamics of its components, such as word-building means, word-building units, and lexical units.

scholarly journals Axiology of the Province Phenomenon in Russian Mass Media of the Beginning of the 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 123-140
Author(s):  
O. D. Parshina ◽  
E. P. Ivanyan
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Russian Speakers ◽  
The Media ◽  
Changing Role ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
National Corpus

The article presents the results of a study of value meanings of the province phenomenon in the discursive environment of the Russian mass media at the beginning of the 21st century. The basic semantics of the Russian lexeme provintsiya is described based on the data of the explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language. The analysis is made of adjectival and verbal combinations selected by a continuous sampling method from the materials of the National Corpus of the Russian Language. The categories based on which the value semantics of the province in time and space are identified are defined. In accordance with the established categories, the selected adjectival and predicative combinations were distributed, and their estimation scaling was performed in relation to positive and negative evaluation. It is established that at the beginning of the 21st century the texts of mass media record changes in the value layer of ideas about the province in the language consciousness of modern Russian speakers. Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the axiological component of the lexeme provintsiya, a decrease in negative ratings was recorded with a simultaneous increase in positive ratings since 2006 for adjectival combinations and since 2004 for predicative ones. Dynamic changes in the evaluative meanings accompanying the word provintsiya in the media discourse can be considered as a reflection of the changing role and status of the province in the socio-cultural space of Russia.

scholarly journals Russian “duboglot” in Charms and Dialectal Vocabulary (towards Investigation of Mytho-Poetic Motivation of Words)

Slovene ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-337
Author(s):  
Tatyana A. Agapkina ◽  
Elena L. Berezovich
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Natural Properties ◽  
Russian Verb ◽  
Oak Tree ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Productive Model

The article considers the word duboglot, which functions in the Russian dialects (mainly South Russian) in the meanings of ‘strong dry cough, usually accompanied by a sore throat,’ ‘angina.’ Semantic and motivational reconstruction of this word is carried out based on its role in the text. The authors conclude that the word got into the dialect system from the folklore (mainly from the charms), where it refers to diseases related to inflammation of the oral cavity, pharynx and lower respiratory tract, and accompanied by a strong cough, pain. It is established that most often the word appeared in the texts as a part of the formula “X (a tree), take your Y (duboglot), otherwise I will eat you / swallow you,” which is initially addressed to an oak tree as a convenient “recipient” of diseases that are expelled from the speaker’s space. The authors suggest that the word duboglot is “induced” by the logic of unfolding the text: this is “the oak glot” (glot is the ability to swallow – from the Russian verb glotat’ ‘to swallow’), which should belong to an oak, not a sick person. The word creation within the framework of a spoken construction is supported by the capabilities that are inherent in the language system. Firstly, it is the image of an oak “mouth” (throat), which is formed on the basis of the natural properties and features of oak. This image could be fixed in the internal form of the word itself, which is a controversial issue, but it certainly is seen in the stable compatibility of dub ‘oak’ ↔ duplo ‘hollow’, and at the synchronous level is also supported by the phonetic proximity of these words. The image of a tree, secondly, has another facet: the image of roots of a tree and its crown is projected on the idea of the growth of a tumour (including one in the throat); roots and crown of a tree simultaneously seem to be a “tool” for clearing the throat. Yet another facet of the image is related to how the native speaker sees the properties of a bark: there is a productive model for the Russian language that fixates the connection between the designations of wood (oak) bark and tumours on the human body (including throat tumours); oak bark itself is generally an “archetype” of a bark, hard, rough, stripped from the surface of a tree (which corresponds to “tearing” sensations with a sore throat).

scholarly journals Teaching russian phraseology with the component of color term “black” to philology foreign students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPE2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Chernova ◽  
Elena Lelis ◽  
Svetlana Baranova
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Teaching Methods ◽  
Foreign Students ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Regional Geography ◽  
Color Term ◽  
The Russian Language

The study of phraseology is an advanced direction of teaching methods of Russian as a foreign language. Any non-native speaker embarking on a study of Russian is faced with the problems of understanding the phraseological units that the Russian language is replete with. Language learners experience particular difficulties when using phraseological units with the color designation component “black” in a real-life communicative situation. The problem of understanding the phraseology of the Russian language is associated with the fact that representatives of different countries have knowledge of the phraseology of their native language that encompasses regional geography, linguoculturological, national concepts, which often do not coincide with similar phenomena in the Russian environment. This paper scientifically substantiates the methodological system for working with phraseological units in the study of Russian as a foreign language. It presents a system of scientifically grounded assignments for foreigners to learn Russian as a foreign language.

scholarly journals Psycholinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of carrying out exam for the status of native speaker of the Russian language for foreign citizens and stateless persons

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Darya Nikolaevna Polyarush ◽  
Elena Anatolevna Chelak
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Cultural Worldview ◽  
National Values ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Language

The subject of this research is psycholinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of the procedures carrying out an exam for the status of “Russian native speaker”. Relevance of this work is substantiated by the need to develop a unified strategy for commissioners in decision-making procedure of recognition of foreign citizens in all regions of the Russian Federation. The research objective is to accelerate unification of the procedure by specifying the requirements for the status of “Russian native speaker”. In substantiation of the term that has descriptive character and is not codified in reference literature, emphasis is placed on the notional, content-related component. An attempt is made to set a requirement that the tasks must correspond to the content of modern representations on history, culture and national values. The examples of tasks with high though-provoking potential that can demonstrate the commonality of cultural and axiological worldview with the Russian society among the applicants for the status of “Russian native speaker”. The examples of practical application of such types of tasks by the authors of this article in terms of sitting of the commission on designation of the status of “Russian native speaker” to foreign citizens or stateless persons in Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug –Yugra. The novelty lies in consideration of the concept from the perspective of axiology. The article is first to raise the question on correspondence of not only the level of command of grammatical rules of the language, but also the level of congeniality of the content of answers to the cultural worldview of the Russian society. This research authors can serve as the materials for formation of tasks in all regions of the Russian Federation, and help the applicants to prepare for the procedure.

POLYSUBJECT IN CONSTRUCTIONS WITH AN ADVERBIAL PARTICIPLES: HISTORY AND THE PRESENT (BASED ON THE MATERIAL OF THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (102) ◽  
pp. 81-94
Author(s):  
ANNA P. VIALSOVA
Keyword(s):  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Narrative Texts ◽  
Old Russian ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Language

The paper considers polysubject clauses with adverbial participles and their comparison with construction “dative absolute” characteristic of the Old Russian narrative texts. By hagiographic texts and General Internet Corpus of Russian, it has been found that the objective narration of the Old Russian texts required pointing to the subject as it changed according to the scribe’s focus. On the contrary, developing a subjective type of narrative which is focused on the narrator’s modus allows a native speaker to avoid ambiguity of abnormal constructions with adverbial participles and use them as means of actual division of the sentence.

scholarly journals Russian language proficiency test for multilingual children = Sprachstandstest Russisch für mehrsprachige Kinder

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Natalʹja Vladimirovna Gagarina ◽  
Annegret Klassert ◽  
Nathalie Topaj
Keyword(s):  
Language Proficiency ◽  
Proficiency Test ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Bilingual Children ◽  
Second Person ◽  
Elementary School Age ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Language Proficiency Test ◽  
The Russian Language

The 'Russian language proficiency test for multilingual children' is a linguistically and psycholinguistically-grounded test for L1-Russian bilingual children of pre-school and elementary school age. It allows the evaluation of language proficiency in Russian for scientific, therapeutic, and pedagogical purposes. The test is based on preliminary norms: data of 167 German-Russian bilingual children between the ages of 3 years and 6 years 11 months were evaluated. Bilingual children's proficiency is examined in the following language domains: - productive and receptive lexicon for verbs and nouns - production of morphological marking on verbs (first and second-person singular present verbal inflection) and nouns (accusative and dative case singular) - comprehension of grammatical constructions on the sentence level The test should be administered by a competent – ideally native – speaker of Russian, and takes approximately 60 minutes to administer. In addition to the test itself, the 'Russian language proficiency test for multilingual children' contains a questionnaire for gathering detailed information on the input situation as well as the child's previous linguistic and extra-linguistic development. The questionnaire is written in English and Russian and is intended to be filled out by the parents.  

scholarly journals Evolution of the Associative-Verbal Network of the Concept “Old Age” in the Language Consciousness of the Native Russian-Language Speakers of the 20s of the XXI Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1147-1159
Author(s):  
Lubov’ A. Safaralieva
Keyword(s):  
Old Age ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
The World ◽  
A Chain ◽  
Online Format ◽  
The Russian Language

The development of information technologies, change of political system and other socio-political changes in the life of any state, leave an imprint on the linguistic consciousness of a typical native speaker. Notwithstanding, the national conceptual sphere or nave linguistic picture of the world has undergone significant changes, for all the changes in the world around us are fragmentally recorded in the collective linguistic consciousness of Russian language native speakers. The concepts of old age that were relevant to the residents of our state three decades ago, have undergone significant changes. Negative attitude to the old age, pessimism, and a sense of the inevitable end of life, have been replaced by the hope of a prosperous, happy, financially stable old age. The younger generation does not hesitate to draw a parallel between such concepts as old age and retirement - this fact was recorded for the first time as previously, the scientific studies based on data from associative experiments, hadnt noted similar approach. The above conclusions were obtained as a result of a chain associative experiment with the word-stimulus old age, which involves obtaining 3 reactions of students to this stimulus (on the basis of the Faculty of Philology of the RUDN). 99 students (aged 17-25), native speakers of the Russian language, were selected to participate in the experiment (these parameters are reflected in the questionnaire of the subjects). Due to the unfavorable epidemiological situation and the conditions of distance learning, the experiment was conducted in an online format using the MS Forms application. The obtained resulting associative-verbal network of the concept old age was compared with the characteristics of the above-mentioned concept, recorded in the Associative Dictionary of the Russian Language edited by Yuri Nikolaevich Karaulov.

scholarly journals Means of realization of language game the Swahili language paroemias

Litera ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Viсtoriya Sergeevna Shatokhina
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Language Game ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
The Subject ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Russian Language ◽  
Linguistic Phenomenon

The object of this article is the language game in its various manifestations. The subject of this research is the proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language, in which the author attempts to trace the linguistic phenomenon. Special attention is given to various means of language game at different language levels. The goal is to determine whether it is possible to interpret the term “language game” in a broad sense, as well as the extent of application of such linguistic tool in proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language. The article explores different perspectives upon the concept of language game. Analysis is conducted on the Swahili paroemias that demonstrate different ways of language game. The survey results carried out among the native speakers of Swahili are presented. This article is the first to analyze the ways of realization of language game in proverbs and sayings of the Swahili language on the various linguistic levels. The author demonstrates the examples from the corpus of Swahili paroemias, which were translated into the Russian language for the first time. The conclusion is made that language game takes place not only in the written texts, but also in folklore, which indicates that alongside a writer or a linguist, the author of the language game can also be a native speaker. It is underlined hat versatility is also characteristic to the Swahili language paroemias.

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