scholarly journals BIOINOCULANTS FOR COIR RETTING

CORD ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 11 (01) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Ravindranath ◽  
U. S. Sarma
Keyword(s):  
Field Study ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Floor Coverings ◽  
Economic Considerations ◽  
End Uses

The mesocarp of the coconut or its husk is the source of coir. Coir fibre has several potential end uses like for the manufacture of various coir products predominantly coir floor coverings, yarn, rope, rubberized coir and latest as geotextile material. Coir is extracted from the coconut husk which is subjected to steeping in saline backwa­ters for six to nine months. This prolonged period of steeping is disadvantageous on economic considerations and also deprives the coir industry of sufficient raw material for the product sector. The treatment of selected strains of phenol de­grading bacterial cultures on to husks immersed for retting is reported to reduce the period of ret­ting to some extent 3. This paper reports the find­ings of a field study on the treatment of selected strains of bacteria on one lakh husks steeped for retting. Samples of husks drawn out after three months of steeping were observed to be fully retted and yielded fibre suitable for spin­ning superior quality coir yarn.

scholarly journals PROCESSING OF COIR A BIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO RETTING OF COCONUT HUSKS

CORD ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
ANITA DAS RAVINDRANATH
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Bacterial Cultures ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Biological Approach ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
The Individual

White coir fibre is extracted from coconut husks after 'retting' for a period varying between six to ten months depending upon several environmental factors. With a view to explore the possibility of reducing the prolonged period required for retting and improving the quality of the coir fibre a field study was conducted at Azhikode in the N. Parur regions of Kerala which is a 'poor'* retting area. Selected strains of efficient pectin and phenol degrading bacterial cultures were inoculated into pits containing lots of husks soaked for retting. Samples of husks were analysed at regular intervals for details of degradation of the husk constituents holding the individual fibres together. It was observed that inoculation of the bacterial strains could shorten the period of retting by two and a half months and yield an improved quality of fibre with respect to colour and texture. The detaiis of the experimental field study are presented in this paper.

Utilization of coir fibre as an asphalt modifier

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-74
Author(s):  
Rean Maharaj ◽  
Rehana Ali ◽  
Dimitri Ramlochan ◽  
Nazim Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Complex Modulus ◽  
Elastic Solid ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Coir Fibre ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Petroleum Bitumen ◽  
Coconut Fibre

The influence of added coir (coconut) fibre of various lengths (from 2.5 mm to 10 mm) and dosages (up to 8 wt%) on the rheological properties of Trinidad Lake Asphalt (TLA) and Trinidad Petroleum Bitumen (TPB) was evaluated by measuring changes in the phase angle, δ (measure of the elasticity) and the complex modulus, G* (measure of the degree of stiffness). Results indicated that for both TLA and TPB, the highest values of G* (stiffest) and the lowest values of δ (most elastic) were observed for blends containing 2.5-mm coir fibre lengths for added coir concentrations of 6% and 8%, respectively. When compared to the unmodified TLA, the addition of 6 wt% of 2.5-mm coir fibre resulted in the largest significant increase in G* (7.3 times) as well as a significant decrease in δ (from 49.3° to 19.8°), representing a significant stiffening and increased elasticity of the modified blend. For TPB, the optimum concentration of added coir fibre occurred after the addition of 6 wt% of the 2.5-mm coir fibre, which resulted in the largest significant increase in G* of 5.4 times (stiffening) as well as a significant decrease in δ from 86.2° to 47.4° (increased elasticity as the material transformed from an almost viscous liquid to a semi-elastic solid) when compared to the unmodified pure TPB. The utilization of coir fibre for the rheological enhancement of Trinidad asphaltic materials can also provide an environmentally attractive option for solving the waste disposal issues associated with the dumping of waste coconut husk.

scholarly journals ENZIMATIC HYDROLYSIS PROCESS FOR INCREASING GLUCOSE LEVELS FROM COCONUT HUSK WASTE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dwi Anna Anggorowati ◽  
Sriliani Sriliani ◽  
Anis Artiyani ◽  
Harimbi Setyawati ◽  
Kevin J
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Level ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Hydrolysis Time ◽  
Cellulase Enzymes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Coconut husk waste is waste that has not been used optimally, generally only as a craft material. Seeing the composition of coconut husk, it has the potential to be used as an alternative fuel, one of which is to produce bioethanol products. The purpose of this research was to utilize coconut husk waste as raw material for bioethanol production and to assess the effect of the number of enzymes and time of hydrolysis on the glucose levels produced. In this research, the authors focused on obtaining glucose levels from coconut husks by hydrolysis using cellulase enzymes with an activity of 700 EGU/g. The variations used in this research were the volume of cellulase enzymes (2, 3, 4, 5, 6) ml and the hydrolysis time (4, 8, 12) hours. After the coconut husk undergoes physical and chemical treatment using 10% NaOH, there is a decrease in lignin levels from 44% to 14% and there is an increase in cellulose levels from 24% to 38%, and the use of a cellulase enzyme volume of 2 ml with a hydrolysis time of 4 hours was more optimal with a glucose level of 0.32%.

scholarly journals BACTERIAL CONSORTIA FOR RETTING OF COCONUT HUSKS IN TANKS

CORD ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Anita Das Ravindranath ◽  
Saroi Bhosle
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Consortium ◽  
Bacterial Consortia ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Coir Fibre

A bacterial consortium developed on coconut husk leachates could ret coconut husk steeped for retting in rap water in a period of three months. The quality of the coir fibre obtained was comparable to traditionally retted fibre. The consortia could also bestow a greater degree of softness to the mechanically extracted coir fibre. Coir extraction can therefore be practiced by supplying the consortia for retting of husk for production of fibre and enhance the commercial utilization of the husk in coconut growing regions of Asia.

scholarly journals BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM COCONUT HUSK USING THE WET GAMMA IRADIATION METHOD

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Putra Oktavianto ◽  
Risdiyana Setiawan ◽  
Ilhami Ariyanti ◽  
Muhammad Fadhil Jamil
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Hydrolysis Of Cellulose ◽  
Ethanol Ethanol ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
Low Dosage

BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM COCONUT HUSK USING the WET GAMMA IRRADIATION METHOD. The use of coconut husk has only been used as a material for making handicrafts such as ropes, brooms, mats, and others or just burned. The combustion of coconut husk can cause air pollution. In fact, coconut husk can be used as a raw material for bioethanol production so that the beneficial value of coconut husk will also increase. One way of bioethanol production from coconut husk is by irradiating the coconut husk. The coconut husk irradiation technique to be carried out in this study is the wet irradiation technique. Wet irradiation is carried out to accelerate the process of bioethanol production because at the time of irradiation, cellulose has been hydrolyzed and glucose has been formed so that it is more efficient in time and use of the material so that the cellulose hydrolysis process is not necessary. The coconut husk samples were wet because they were mixed with 4% NaOH and were irradiated using a gamma irradiator from STTN-BATAN Yogyakarta with a dose of 30 kGy and 50 kGy and 0 kGy (or without irradiation). Then the sample is fermented with the fungus Saccharomyces Cerevisiae from tape yeast to form ethanol. Ethanol is purified and then analyzed for concentrations using pycnometric and refractometric methods. The result is that the highest ethanol content is without irradiation (0 kGy), this is due to the low dosage used. However, the main point in this wet method research is evidence of hydrolysis of cellulose by the formation of gluoxane after irradiated wet coconut husk, and with Fehling A and B analysis, brown deposits are seen proving that glucose has been formed.

scholarly journals Bioethanol production from coconut husk fiber

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 1872-1877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirelle Márcio Santos Cabral ◽  
Ana Karla de Souza Abud ◽  
Carlos Eduardo de Farias Silva ◽  
Renata Maria Rosas Garcia Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Significant Loss ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Healthy Foods ◽  
Ethanolic Fermentation ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Production Studies ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Production Technologies ◽  
Coconut Fibers

ABSTRACT: Population growth and the increasing search for healthy foods have led to a major consumption of coconut water and, hence, to an environmental impact caused by the inappropriate disposal of green coconut husks. This lignocellulosic biomass has deserved attention of researchers concerning the seeking of new usages, as, for example, in renewable fuels production technologies. This study examines the potential of green coconut husk fibers as a feedstock for the production of bioethanol. The coconut fibers were pretreated through an alkaline method, hydrolyzed enzymatically and submitted to ethanol fermentation with commercial yeasts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Despite the significant loss of cellulose (4.42% in relation to the fiber and 17.9% concerning the original cellulose content), the alkaline pretreatment promoted an efficient solubilization of lignin (80%), turning the coconut fibers into a feasible raw material for 2G ethanol production studies. Enzymatic hydrolysis converted 87% of the sugars and the ethanolic fermentation consumed 81% of the substrate in the hydrolyzate, leading to a sugar to ethanol convertion efficiency of 59.6%. These results points out that green coconut husks are a promising alternative to the production of renewable energy.

scholarly journals Preparation, Characterization and Applications of Chitosan-Nanosilica-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2789-2795
Author(s):  
A. Sahila Grace ◽  
G.S. Prabha Littis Malar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Ft Raman Spectroscopy

In present study, a simple low cost method was used to prepare chitosan-nanosilica-graphene oxide (CS-NSi-GO) nanocomposite. Nanosilica and graphene oxide were synthesized from coconut husk ash and chitosan was synthesized from shrimp shell. Nanosilica was synthesized from coconut husk ash with alkaline extraction using sodium hydroxide followed by precipitation method using sulphuric acid. Graphene oxide was synthesized from the oxidative treatment of the raw material of coconut husk ash. After the synthesis of silica, the carbonized graphite was collected and treated by modified Hummer’s method. The CS-NSi-GO nanocomposite was prepared by condense polymerization method. Various analytical methods such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the CS-NSi-GO nanocomposite. Eventually antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and cytotoxicity of the prepared nanocomposite were also evaluated.

Trends in World Demand for Jute Manufactures

1961 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-103
Author(s):  
Food and Agriculture Organization United Nations Bulletin
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
World Demand ◽  
Floor Coverings ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
End Uses

At the request of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, the National Institute of Economic and Social Research, London, undertook a study of the trends in world demand for jute manufactures outside the principal raw jute producing countries. An attempt is made here to bring out the main findings of this study which analyses the relative importance of end-uses of jute manufactures, e.g., for floor coverings, packaging, etc., and also examines the prospects for demand in the major consuming countries over the period 1965-70.

Rock Phosphates in Agriculture

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 413-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Le Mare
Keyword(s):  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Soil Characteristics ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Rock Phosphates ◽  
Control Effectiveness ◽  
Phosphate Dissolution ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Economic Considerations

SUMMARYThe principles that control effectiveness of rock phosphates as fertilizer are now fairly well understood so that the potential effect of a material can be predicted with some confidence from laboratory analysis of the raw material. Soil characteristics, especially acidity, and calcium and phosphate status, are important: if these are not conducive to dissolution, crop response to rock phosphate is small. Some crop characteristics, especially the extent of root systems and whether they are infected with mycorrhizae, also affect utilization of rock phosphate. Dissolution of rock phosphates may be too slow for rapidly growing crops but may be adequate for perennial crops.Such factors limit the use of rock phosphates for direct application, so that much greater knowledge of the characteristics of the phosphates, soils and crops, and their interactions, is necessary for their successful use than for the soluble phosphates. Economic considerations are important also. Because the phosphate content is less than that of concentrated soluble fertilizers, the cost of transporting rock phosphates, per unit of phosphorus, may not be economic. However, for acid and calcium deficient soils the larger amounts of calcium that rock phosphates supply may be an advantage and may lessen or eliminate the need for lime, especially for crops that require relatively large amounts of calcium.Fosfatos de roca en la agricultura

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