scholarly journals The Precariat: The Phenomenon of Socio-Political Radicalism

2019 ◽  
pp. 585-598
Author(s):  
Vasyl Tkachenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Inequality ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Financial Sector ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Complete Replacement ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Political Radicalism

The article discusses the reasons for the emergence of the precariat as a phenomenon of socio-political radicalism. The commercialization of public institutions and mechanisms of the global capitalist market and the transfer of a number of production cycles to countries with cheap labour have led to consumption in the industrialized countries of North America and Europe exceeding incomes. This abuse led to a violation of the principle of market equilibrium: the pole of economic life was shifted from the production sector to the financial sector, and bankers and brokers began to assert their real power. Social inequality among the world’s population has increased rapidly, and a significant number of people are in debt. All this was reflected in the formation of the social structure of post-industrial society. The problem of social inequality, which has reached fantastic proportions in today’s globalized world, will inevitably require an appropriate solution. But in the future, this problem can not be avoided, because the situation will only get worse with almost complete replacement of human machines. The author notes that the leaders of the leading States, outstanding scientists and experts are already looking for alternatives. The article expresses the hope that Ukrainian identity will focus on the social mutual responsibility of civil society and the state, ensuring an active dialogue between them on key social issues, as well as on the form and principles of participation in joint social projects in compliance with the position of protecting national interests. Only under such conditions will identity act in its characteristic role of self-determination of Ukrainians, who seek to achieve justice, social solidarity and confidence in the future, without descending to manifestations of radicalism and extremism. Keywords: precariat, social inequality, commercialization, production sphere, financial sector, capitalist market.

scholarly journals Social Inequality and the Future of US Life Expectancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iliya Gutin ◽  
Robert A. Hummer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Population Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Extreme Longevity

Despite decades of progress, the future of life expectancy in the United States is uncertain due to widening socioeconomic disparities in mortality, continued disparities in mortality across racial/ethnic groups, and an increase in extrinsic causes of death. These trends prompt us to scrutinize life expectancy in a high-income but enormously unequal society like the United States, where social factors determine who is most able to maximize their biological lifespan. After reviewing evidence for biodemographic perspectives on life expectancy, the uneven diffusion of health-enhancing innovations throughout the population, and the changing nature of threats to population health, we argue that sociology is optimally positioned to lead discourse on the future of life expectancy. Given recent trends, sociologists should emphasize the importance of the social determinants of life expectancy, redirecting research focus away from extending extreme longevity and toward research on social inequality with the goal of improving population health for all. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Sociology, Volume 47 is July 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Discovering Social Desires and Conflicts from Subculture Narrative Multimedia

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 10241
Author(s):  
O-Joun Lee ◽  
Heelim Hong ◽  
Eun-Soon You ◽  
Jin-Taek Kim
Keyword(s):  
Video Games ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Imaginary World ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Social ◽  
Smart Governance ◽  
Diachronic Changes

This study aims at discovering social desires and conflicts from subculture narrative multimedia. Since one of the primary purposes in the subculture consumption is vicarious satisfaction, the subculture works straightforwardly describe what their readers want to achieve and break down. The latent desires and conflicts are useful for understanding our society and realizing smart governance. To discover the social issues, we concentrate on that each subculture genre has a unique imaginary world that consists of inventive subjects. We suppose that the subjects correspond to individual social issues. For example, game fiction, one of the popular genres, describes a world like video games. Under game systems, everyone gets the same results for the same efforts, and it can be interpreted as critics for the social inequality issue. Therefore, we first extract subjects of genres and measure the membership degrees of subculture works for each genre. Using the subjects and membership degrees, we build a genealogy tree of subculture genres by tracing their evolution and differentiation. Then, we extract social issues by searching for the subjects that come from the real world, not imaginary. If a subculture work criticizes authoritarianism, it might include subjects such as government officials and bureaucrats. A combination of the social issues and genre genealogy tree will show diachronic changes in our society. We have evaluated the proposed methods by extracting social issues reflected in Korean web novels.

Ontstaansgeschiedenis van de ondernemingsraden in België (1944-1949)

Res Publica ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-124
Author(s):  
Wouter Dambre
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Social Solidarity ◽  
Works Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post War ◽  
Ideological Resistance ◽  
Advisory Role

The basis of Belgium's post-war social and economic reforms was the social-solidarity agreement (1944) between the trade-unions and the employers. This «historical  compromise» aimed at securing social security and a legal ground for the workers' co-management in the economic life, in exchange for social peace and aid in attaining a productivity-raise.From 1945 till 1948 National Labour Conferences and Parliament discussed the matter, especially the introduction of Works Councils, which raised ideological resistance. The Socialists, favourable towards the Works Councils in undertakings, claimed economic and financial powers for them. The Catholic were in favour of co-management, cooperation between workers and employers and workers' co-responsibility. Theemployers, fearing a restriction of their powers and a threat of collectivizing, were very suspicious.An inter-catholic agreement between workers and employers allowed them to formulate a unanimous attitude towards the Works Councils.  A Socialist-Catholic compromise in Parliament resulted in the law on the organizing of the industry (20.IX.1948). This law reserved for the Works Councils a mainly advisory role in social matters. Their powers were very limited. Their composition was determined by cooperation and commoninterests.The first Works Councils-elections happened in 1950.

The Decline of the Social

2003 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 463-474
Author(s):  
Alain Touraine
Keyword(s):  
Political System ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Definition Of

It is impossible to define sociology other than by reference to ill-defined entities like society or the social. Nevertheless, it seems necessary nowadays to ask the question explicitly, whether these referents have relevant meaningful contents. The idea of society has been profoundly reformist or reforming. Wherever the political system has become open and more complex, and state intervention in economic life has expanded, the field of sociology itself has expanded to the point where we can speak of the triumph of a sociological vision of the world. Industrial society was a complete historical construction, defined by a morality, a philosophy of history and various forms of solidarity. The idea of society was never more closely associated with those of production and social justice. Now, we no longer live our collective life in purely “social” terms nor expect social answers to our problems. The decomposition of the idea of society, set off by the fragmentation of the world in which that idea developed, got worse. The current predominance of the theme of globalization has been accelerating the decline of the “social” representation of public life. The time has come to reconstruct sociology, no longer on the basis of what we thought was a definition of the social and of society, but on the basis of the explosion of those ensembles which had been thought to be solid, and of the attempts to reconstruct the space in which subjects can reconstitute a fabric of consensus, compromise and conflict.

SIM’s Directions: “Back to the Future”

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 1418-1425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin M. Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Business Organizations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Service Award ◽  
History Of ◽  
1960S And 1970S ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
The University

This essay addresses directions for the Social Issues in Management (SIM) Division from the perspective of “Back to the Future.” The author was chair of the SIM Division in 1983 to 1984 and the 1989 recipient of the SIM Division’s Sumner Marcus Distinguished Service Award. The essay reviews the general history of SIM during the 1960s and 1970s in which the University of California, Berkeley, played a key role in organizing conferences. The author explains his approach as an applied empiricist to research concerning SIM. The essentials are power, legitimacy, responsibility, rationality, and values, and understanding how they impact the ongoing day-to-day interactions within, between, and among business organizations, their leadership, and other sectors of society. SIM is a field of diverse inquiry which has been the recipient of perspectives and persons drawn not only from multiple disciplines, particularly from the social sciences, law, and management, but also from the humanities and sciences. SIM is patently multi- and inter-disciplinary.

scholarly journals CREATIVE WORKS OF JOHN WILLIAM CHEEVER IN THE LITERARY-CRITICAL INTERPRETATION OF KORNEY CHUKOVSKY

2020 ◽  
pp. 164-170
Author(s):  
Svetlana N. Morozova ◽  
Dmitriy N. Zhatkin
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
American Writer ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Critical Interpretation ◽  
The Way

The article deals with the comprehension of the features of perception of works of American prose writer John William Cheever (1912-1982) by Korney Chukovsky. The appearance of the works of J. Cheever in Russian language was accompanied by the comments of Soviet researchers who considered him to be an active propagandist of socialist ideas. Literary critical works written by Korney Chukovsky provoked a more thoughtful reading of the works of the American writer by Russian readers. Korney Chukovsky is the author of the preface to the collection of short stories written by J. Cheever in translations of Tat’yana Litvinova entitled «Giant Radio» published in 1962. In the future, this introduction, with amendments and additions, was published as an article of «John Cheever». The American writer’s work perception by Korney Chukovsky of was not unique. He criticised the fi rst collection of short stories by J. Cheever «The Way Some People Live» (1943), for his student imitation of the recognisable style of predecessor writers. Korney Chukovsky believed that the best stories of J. Cheever were collected in the book «The Enormous Radio and other stories» (1953), the central themes of which were the imperfection of the social structure and the causes that caused it social inequality of people, their spiritual devastation. Analysing the stories of J. Cheever, Korney Chukovsky noted a signifi cant detail – despite the seeming impartial attitude towards his heroes in trouble, J. Cheever empathises them, wants to draw public attention to important problems of our time.

scholarly journals Skansen tourist activity in the system of updating the resources of cultural intangible heritage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stepan Dychkovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Creative Industries ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Intangible Cultural Heritage ◽  
Intangible Heritage ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tourism Activity ◽  
Post Industrial

The purpose of the article consists of the study of the activity of skansen in the intangible cultural heritage system. The methodology is the application of historical, bibliographic, and analytical methods. The scientific novelty of the work is to justify the appropriateness and application of the new concept of tourism activity of scans in the system of intangible cultural heritage. Conclusions. Features of the development of tourism in a post-industrial society influenced the conceptual approaches to the museum topes, which first broadcast chronological meaning, but with the proliferation of skansen museums was beyond the phenomenological limits of time and space. The proliferation of scansions as interactive open-air exhibits became a reflection of changes in the cultural and socio-economic life of modern society. The trends in the development of active consumerism in the social and economic spheres, globalization processes, the growth of cultural and creative industries have identified new areas of activity for museums - skansens, which transformed from museums that showed ethnographic collections in the space of the formation of a new cultural being.

scholarly journals Conceptual Landmarks on the Evolution of Military Art

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
Marian Hogea
Keyword(s):  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Operational Environment ◽  
Armed Struggle ◽  
Art Of War ◽  
New Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Near Future

Abstract Military art is the fundamental component of military science and has as its object the war as a whole and the armed struggle. Over the years, military art has seen spectacular evolutions and mutations in strategy, operative art and tactics, by assimilating and integrating the achievements of the technical-scientific revolution. From this perspective, we aim to highlight the main conceptual landmarks in which military art evolved also targeting the high technology, network-based warfare, the planned operation on the effects of using ISTAR systems and the hybrid operation that integrates and associates several military and non-military components. This comprehensive approach to the evolution of military art gives us the possibility to evaluate the multidimensional operational environment, to highlight the characteristics and physiognomy of the future military operations through the integration of new technological and information systems and equipment. In this context, we state that the success in planning, training, execution and evaluation of military operation in the future will depend on the professionalism of the human resource and the degree of assimilation of technologies and intelligent systems within the management and execution structures.In recent years, the art of war has undergone major changes at all levels (strategic, operational and tactical). Due to the new information phase of the scientific and technological revolution, in the near future, several theories of armed struggle will arise influencing the social and economic life of all states.

Tracing the Relationship between Inequality, Crime and Punishment

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Crime And Punishment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The question of inequality has moved decisively to the top of the contemporary intellectual agenda. Going beyond Thomas Piketty’s focus on wealth, increasing inequalities of various kinds, and their impact on social, political and economic life, now present themselves among the most urgent issues facing scholars in the humanities and the social sciences. Key among these is the relationship between inequality, crime and punishment. The propositions that social inequality shapes crime and punishment, and that crime and punishment themselves cause or exacerbate inequality, are conventional wisdom. Yet, paradoxically, they are also controversial. In this volume, historians, criminologists, lawyers, sociologists and political scientists come together to try to solve this paradox by unpacking these relationships in different contexts. The causal mechanisms underlying these correlations call for investigation by means of a sustained programme of research bringing different disciplines to bear on the problem. This volume develops an interdisciplinary approach which builds on but goes beyond recent comparative and historical research on the institutional, cultural and political-economic factors shaping crime and punishment so as better to understand whether, and if so how and why, social and economic inequality influences levels and types of crime and punishment, and conversely whether crime and punishment shape inequalities.

scholarly journals Deuki Pratha in Nepal: Problems and Changing Beliefs

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-102
Author(s):  
Dipendra Bahadur K.C.
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Private Property ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Government Organizations ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

In the far-western region of Nepal, particularly, in Doti, Baitadi and Dadeldhura, deuki pratha has been practiced as a long established tradition. However, Deuki pratha is considered illegal in Nepal. Deukis are offered to different deities by parents or others (wealthier couples). The reason behind deuki pratha rests on the belief that one’s family gets protection and good favour from the gods. Once offered as Deuki, the girl is not allowed to get married and is devoid of the family support. The major duty of Deuki is to serve the goddess and temple such as cleaning and looking after the temple. The study was conducted in Melauli Municipality of Baitadi district in Sudurpaschim province. This paper aims to highlight the social issues due to deuki in the study area. The study aimed to understand the socio-cultural beliefs of deuki tradition in the changing social and cultural contexts from the gender perspective and development. The study was based primarily on qualitative methods. The study revealed that deuki tradition is still practiced, though it is reported to be declined in the recent years. Unlike in the past, with the growing awareness by the joint efforts of government and non-government organizations' agencies, practice of Deuki has declined to a great extent but not abolished yet. There was mixed reaction regarding beliefs upon Deuki tradition among the locals. The study found that Deuki women who had been offered to the deity was unknowingly been isolated, when still as a girl and abused from the society as these came at the cost of personal and social life of women. With the growing awareness, and changing society, the locals and the followers of deuki pratha seem to welcome the changes and attitudes towards deuki pratha. However, the social and economic life styles of deukis are at stake. Though, some deukis own some private property, due to the lack of emotional and social support are bound to live forbidden and isolated life. Unlike, in the past, where deukis received reverence and importance, the perception towards deukis has worsened in the study area often belittled as prostitution and the disgrace to the society.

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