Ibuprofen in the current practice of the pharmacist in the community pharmacy

The pharmacist from the community pharmacy plays a key role in the case of patients who seek directly for pathologies related to pain. Being a health specialist, he has the ability to offer pharmaceutical healthcare for drugs that need a medical prescription and also for the ones that are registered as OTC’s. Ibuprofen (IBU) is a part of the drug group called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) being registered in Romania under 17 pharmaceutical formulation by the National Agency of Drugs and Medical Devices. Due to its pharmacological profile which consists of a low risk of gastrointestinal side effects, IBU is an OTC recommended and frequently prescribed for decreasing the low and moderate pain. World Health Organization (WHO) indicates IBU as a drug that can be used to babies aged over three months. Through this paper, we try to analyze the pharmacist’s vision from the community pharmacy in IBU recommendation. In this paper were mentioned some legal aspects that are linked to the pharmacist competences, and also its approach regarding IBU recommendation during pregnancy and breastfeeding and also to children and to a category of patients who have various associated pathologies.

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Características y especialización de la respuesta inmunitaria en la COVID-19 y posibles tratamientos profilácticos

Studies in the Economic History of Southern Africa ◽

10.22201/fm.24484865e.2020.63.4.02 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (4) ◽

pp. 7-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anamary Súarez Reyes ◽

Carlos Agustín Villegas Valverde

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

Rna Virus ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

World Health ◽

Alveolar Level ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Interferon System ◽

Severity Of The Disease ◽

Health Organization ◽

De Medicina

Characteristics and Specialization of the Immune Response in COVID-19 Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China, became a pandemic on March 11, 2020. It has caused almost 4 million confirmed cases worldwide, with more than 270,000 deaths. Coronavirus is an enveloped RNA virus of the β-coronavirus genus distributed in birds, humans, and other mammals. The World Health Organization has named the new disease COVID-19. The scientific community is look http://doi.org/10.22201/fm.24484865e.2020.63.4.02 8 8 Revista de la Facultad de Medicina de la UNAM | ing for evidence that can lead to a better understanding of the infection and the immune response (IR), prognostic and therapeutic predictors, effective treatments and vaccines. The objective of this review was to compile updated scientific evidence of the IR to COVID-19, in order to guide professionals with solutions that have a clinical impact. The most important elements involve innate immunity with failures in the interferon system in the early stages of the infection and a sustained increase in proinflammatory interleukins. This can end in a potentially fatal cytokine storm. The infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages at the alveolar level, accompanied by neutrophilia, is very characteristic. Lymphopenia is evident at the adaptive immunity level, that, depending on the degree, can indicate the severity of the disease. Understanding the temporal sequence of the IR is crucial for choosing the appropriate and effective therapies, especially when selecting which type of anti-inflammatory drugs can be used and the frequency of the dosage. Due to the fact that it is difficult to determine when they will be clearly beneficial, not harmful to the IR and not too late, due to the irreversibility of the process. Key words: COVID-19; coronavirus; immune response

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Assessment of Prescriptions Patterns and Drug Use across the Kurdistan Region

Journal of Pharmaceutical Care ◽

10.18502/jpc.v7i1-2.1619 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Rawaz Tawfeeq ◽

Tarin Tahssen Obied ◽

Aram Ommar

Keyword(s):

Drug Use ◽

Medication Errors ◽

World Health ◽

Kurdistan Region ◽

Clinical Practices ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Health Organization ◽

Therapeutic Considerations ◽

Electronic Prescriptions

Background: Errors in drug prescriptions are the most common preventable medication errors encountered in clinical practices worldwide. The purpose of this study is to examine the pattern of prescriptions and drug use in the Kurdistan region and to determine whether prescription patterns are based on rational therapeutic considerations. Methods: A cross sectional-observational study was conducted in the Kurdistan region of Iraq over a period of five months. A total of 1000 prescriptions were selected randomly from different pharmacies and data obtained from each prescription. In these prescriptions a total of 2878 medications were prescribed. After collection, excel software was then used to perform calculations. Results: The average number of drugs per prescription was calculated to be 2.8. Drugs prescribed by generic name were 27% and more than 98 percent of prescriptions were handwritten. The duration of therapy was mentioned in 56.5% of prescriptions. However, the dose and dosage form of medications were recorded 62% and 87.3% respectively. The percentage of prescriptions containing a signature was 88.1%. Furthermore, the percentage of antibiotics, supplements, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and other painkillers were prescribed at a rate of 51.8%, 44.2%, 31.8%, and 21.8% per prescription. Conclusion: Whilst observing the data we can conclude that the rate of drugs written per prescription is much higher than the suggested World Health Organization (WHO0 average. Prescribing errors are one of the most common preventable causes of medication errors and the use of electronic prescriptions may play a huge role in ameliorating this fact.

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Democracy Backsliding as a Danger of Sustainable Development in the Post-Pandemic Period: Social and Legal aspects of Decision

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/202112606007 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 126 ◽

pp. 06007

Author(s):

Oleg Tkach ◽

Оleh Batrymenko ◽

Dmytro Nelipa ◽

Mykola Khylko

Keyword(s):

Human Life ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

World Health ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

The World ◽

The Government ◽

Democratic Principles ◽

Health Organization ◽

The Individual ◽

The Right

The article considers topical issues of the threat of collapse of democracy. Examples of the democracy collapse have shown the lack of free and fair elections in the world, which threatens the independence of the judiciary, restrictions on the right to freedom of speech, which limits the ability of the political opposition to challenge the government, to prosecute, to offer alternatives to the regime. The collapse of democracy in connection with the spread of COVID-19 is being considered, as the democratic spectrum has repeatedly resorted to excessive control, discriminatory restrictions on freedoms such as movement and assembly, and arbitrary or coercive coercion. Attention is drawn to the fact that the outbreak of coronavirus COVID-19 has led to the introduction in all countries of restrictions on the rights and freedoms of the individual in order to prevent the spread of this infectious disease, declared a global pandemic by the World Health Organization. Thus, the unusual nature of the COVID - 19 coronavirus pandemic poses numerous dilemmas to the public, governments, parliaments, the judiciary, law enforcement and many other actors when it comes to the need for effective protection of health and, ultimately, human life, as well as adherence to and ensuring the fundamental democratic principles of man and society.

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COVID-19 and gynecological cancer: a review of the published guidelines

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-2020-001634 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 30 (9) ◽

pp. 1424-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christina Uwins ◽

Geetu Prakash Bhandoria ◽

TS Shylasree ◽

Simon Butler-Manuel ◽

Patricia Ellis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Health Resources ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

World Health ◽

Web Pages ◽

Surgical Morbidity ◽

Face To Face ◽

Surgery Patient ◽

Health Organization

On March 11, 2020 the COVID-19 outbreak was declared a ‘pandemic’ by the World Health Organization. COVID-19 is associated with higher surgical morbidity and mortality. An array of guidelines on the management of cancer during this pandemic have been published since the first reports of the outbreak. This narrative review brings all the relevant information from the guidelines together into one document, to support patient care. We present a detailed review of published guidelines, statements, comments from peer-reviewed journals, and nationally/internationally recognized professional bodies and societies' web pages (in English or with English translation available) between December 1, 2019 and May 27, 2020. Search terms included combinations of COVID, SARS-COV-2, guideline, gynecology, oncology, gynecological, cancer. Recommendations for surgical and oncological prioritization of gynecological cancers are discussed and summarized. The role of minimally invasive surgery, patient perspectives, medico-legal aspects, and clinical trials during the pandemic are also discussed. The consensus is that elective benign surgery should cease and cancer surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy should continue based on prioritization. Patient and staff face-to-face interactions should be limited, and health resources used efficiently using prioritization strategies. This review and the guidelines on which it is based support the difficult decisions currently facing us in gynecological cancer. It is a balancing act: limited resources and a hostile environment pitted against the time-sensitive nature of cancer treatment. We can only hope to do our best for our patients with the resources available to us.

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Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their effect on the nervous system: neurotoxicity, types, mechanism of occurrence

Vestnik nevrologii, psihiatrii i nejrohirurgii (Bulletin of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery) ◽

10.33920/med-01-2106-05 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 459-464

Author(s):

Elmira Erfanovna Alimova ◽

Elena Evgenievna Al-Rabadi

Keyword(s):

Central Nervous System ◽

Nervous System ◽

Hearing Loss ◽

Side Effects ◽

World Health ◽

The World ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Anti Inflammatory ◽

Health Organization

Currently, according to the World Health Organization, about 20% of the world's population takes non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs are lipophilic substances that easily penetrate the blood-brain barrier and can cause side effects from the central nervous system. Neurotoxicity (headache, dizziness, insomnia, depression, depersonalization, psychosis, and tremor occur during the treatment with indomethacin; visual impairment, drowsiness - during the treatment with meloxicam; hearing loss - when taking salicylates) ranks second after gastrotoxicity. The article describes the mechanisms of neurotoxicity that occur when taking NSAIDs.

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Computational Drug Simulation: A Step to the Possible Cure of COVID-19

10.26434/chemrxiv.12129129.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kumar Sharp ◽

Dr. Shubhangi Dange

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Drug Design ◽

World Health Organization ◽

World Health ◽

Anti Psychotic ◽

Computer Aided Drug Design ◽

Computer Aided ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Health Organization ◽

Modern Era

World Health Organization declared COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11th March,2020. Without any exact cure or vaccine, this disease has certainly taken a toll of humanity. Computer-aided Drug Design (CADD) is the modern era simulator for aiding in finding cure before starting actual clinical trials in patients. We have not indulged into making a new drug but analysing the existing drugs as approved by FDA to find the possible cure options. Based on the above data from our study, we find that anti-inflammatory drugs like prednisone and anti-psychotic drugs can be used for targeting the spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV2 virus.

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Ventilatory support and corticosteroid therapy in SARS-CoV-2

Revista Española de Quimioterapia ◽

10.37201/req/s01.16.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 34 (Suppl 1) ◽

pp. 52-56

Author(s):

Fernando Martínez Sagasti ◽

Alba Palazón Blanco ◽

Sandra Catalina García-Perrote ◽

Patricia Alonso Martínez ◽

Keyword(s):

Clinical Trials ◽

Respiratory Failure ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Ventilatory Support ◽

Short Review ◽

World Health ◽

Medical Community ◽

The World ◽

Inflammatory Drugs ◽

Health Organization

It has been almost two years since COVID-19, a disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS-CoV-2, was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. The entire scientific and medical community was put to the test during the following months to find the best therapeutic strategy to save lives. Although some antivirals and anti-inflammatory drugs are being tested in different clinical trials with some controversial results, this short review will focus on corticosteroids usefulness and ventilatory support principles, as they have become two essential therapeutic pillars for those patients who need hospital admission due to respiratory failure.

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The article analyzes the problems associated with illegal logging, as well as its illegal circulation in the territory of the Irkutsk region. Statistical information is analyzed that indicates that the situation in the field of illegal logging is much worse than in the neighboring Krasnoyarsk Territory. The range of subjects called upon to engage in forest conservation is described. A criminologically significant set of causes and conditions of crime in the forest sector is considered. The authors consider the main reasons for illegal logging in the region at the level of society to be defects in the ecological consciousness of citizens and attitudes towards extensive exploitation of the environment for the sake of economic growth. The authors attribute the low level of control over the legal turnover of timber, the shortcomings of the legislative sphere, to the conditions that are conducive to these crimes. The socio-economic factors that contribute to the crimes considered in the territory of the Irkutsk region, rich in forest resources, are analyzed. The problems associated with the degradation of the woodworking industry in the region amid an increase in the number of logging are described in detail. The authors consider shortcomings in the field of regulatory and law enforcement practice, on both a regional and federal level, which makes it possible to commit illegal logging in the region. On the basis of the study conducted, specific legislative, organizational and technical proposals are formulated to prevent crimes in the timber industry of the Irkutsk region. The measures proposed by the authors are partially or fully applicable for similar regions of Russia.

Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University Law ◽

10.21638/spbu14.2021.311 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 660-675

Author(s):

Marija Ampovska ◽

◽

Kristina Misheva ◽

Keyword(s):

Legal Aspects ◽

World Health ◽

Original Research ◽

Forest Sector ◽

Illegal Logging ◽

Legal Documents ◽

Irkutsk Region ◽

Domestic Legislation ◽

The Republic ◽

Health Organization

The article aims to provide insight into the process of developing eHealth law in North Macedonia. For this purpose, the work, firstly, analyzes the meaning of the basic terms of eHealth and eHealth law providing comparative definitions as well as custom definitions adopted by the authors, which cover the meaning of the terms used in this research. The main part of the article focuses on the chronological review of the development of eHealth through relevant legal documents and provisions, as well as the original research results of the process in practice. To be more precise, this development is presented as seen through two aspects: the prism of domestic legislation, as well as the influence of the European Union’s tendencies and regulation in the matter and the prism of the practice and the eHealth system, activities and functionalities that currently exist in the Macedonian healthcare system as seen by the general population and relevant international organizations (World Health Organization). Emphasis is placed on the legal aspects and the authors aim to determine if this aspect of eHealth has been supportive or opponent to the process of its development. An analysis of relevant legislation is presented in the article. Concluding remarks and recommendations are given in regard to the analyzed process in the Republic of North Macedonia.

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The Legal Aspects of Preventing the Spread of the Coronavirus Infection in the Russian Federation: The Legislative Novelties and Their Features

Legal Concept ◽

10.15688/lc.jvolsu.2021.1.4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 27-38

Author(s):

Alexander Sarychev ◽

◽

Ivan Arkhiptsev ◽

Ekaterina Karaulova ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Russian Federation ◽

Global Economy ◽

Criminal Responsibility ◽

Legal Aspects ◽

World Health ◽

Economic Damage ◽

The Status ◽

Coronavirus Infection ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

Health Organization

Introduction: currently, worldwide and in the Russian Federation, one of the most pressing problems is the fight against the new coronavirus infection COVID-19, which was assigned the status of a pandemic by the World Health Organization in early 2020. The huge economic damage to the countries directly affected by the pandemic and the global economy as a whole, fatalities, abandoning business, increase in unemployment, the restructuring of the economy to work in a new environment are a certain list of consequences we have been faced with in recent times due to the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the study is to analyze the legislation aimed at supporting the economy and the population during the spread of the pandemic, as well as the measures of administrative and criminal responsibility in the domestic legislation aimed at preventing the spread of the coronavirus infection, as well as to examine the features of their application. Methods: the methodological framework for the research consists of the general scientific methods of cognition: the ascent from the abstract to the concrete, the hypotheticaldeductive, axiomatic and formalization methods, as well as the interrelated methods: analysis, synthesis. The results of the study and conclusions: the authors consider the changes in the legislation of the Russian Federation aimed at overcoming the consequences, as well as the fight against the coronavirus infection.

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