Hester Stanhope, ‘Un être à part’

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-152
Author(s):  
Jillian Heydt-Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tribal Politics

Hester Stanhope rethought tenets of Enlightenment and Sensibility that defined women at the mercy of biologically sexed bodies. Expected to marry for money and status, she left England to live independently in the Middle East, assuming agency in Syria as a warrior, tourist attraction, politician, and anchorite sibyl. She cross-dressed as a Turk and a Bedouin man, influenced Ottoman and tribal politics, took lovers, ruled the Syrians in her territory, accessed both male and female worlds, and enjoyed a liberty forbidden to women on British and Syrian grounds. Stanhope’s fluidity is apparent in multiple sources: accounts of travelers who visited her, her own letters, and the Memoirs of her physician Charles Meryon, wherein he quotes her correspondence (censored) and her conversations with him and others. Each genre—the letter, the memoir, and the travel account—creates a heroic persona for her. Two other phenomena add to these metafictional complexities: first, the competition between Stanhope’s and Meryon’s stories, and second, the filters of gender and class prejudice through which he views Stanhope. Such indeterminacy invites the question of how she both is and is not a speaking subject and of how these representations limit our interpretations of her and her actions.

scholarly journals POLA PERJALANAN WISATAWAN TIMUR TENGAH BERDASARKAN PROFIL WISATAWAN DAN MOTIVASI POLA PERGERAKAN DI BANDUNG

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nukeu Novia Andriani. S ◽  
Aji Prasetya Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Movement Patterns ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Tourist Attraction ◽  
Travel Patterns ◽  
Travel Pattern ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Result Show ◽  
Service Sectors ◽  
Tourism Service

<p>ABSTRACT This study analyses how the Middle East tourists travel patterns in Bandung based on tourist profile and motivation movement patterns. The purpose of this studies to investigate how Middle East tourist travel patterns based on tourist profile and motivation movement patterns in Bandung. This research used descriptive with qualitative approach, involving 3 Middle East tourists as informants. The data were analyses by assigning codes to categorize information, identifying patterns and connection between categories, and interpreting the data from the multiple sources. This result show that the Middle East tourist profiles belonging to middle and upper class tourist and based on the tourist typology, Middle East tourist include into the category of near phischocentric and tend to approach the Mid-centric. Middle East tourist very interested to explore tourist attraction in Bandung. However Bandung still need to be improved, especially some points related to the limitation of professional expertise in several tourism service sectors who able to perform and speak Arabic well.</p><p>Keywords: Travel pattern, Tourist profile, Travel pattern motivation, Middle East Tourist</p>

MEANS OF SUGGESTIBILITY AND THEIR EVOLUTION STAGES IN ARABIC SOCIO-POLITICAL ARTICLES

2019 ◽  
pp. 56-61
Author(s):  
V. V. Dudin
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Printed Media ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
Temporary Control ◽  
Xix Century ◽  
Arabic Speaking ◽  
First Time ◽  
Printed Press

With the dawn of printed press on the shores of the Arabic speaking world, the methods of impacting an individual’s cognition have been changed for the first time in many centuries. The rise of political and socio-political press in the region overall and in Egypt in particular was likely a by-product of Western intervention in the region, more specifically, Napoleon Bonaparte’s campaign resulting in his temporary control of Egypt. It too was Napoleon who created the first publishing houses in Egypt and it was his political views that were being spread through them. Expanding in detail on multiple sources to delve into the relevant periods, we have worked through numerous newspapers and publishers of socio-political articles in the Middle East and have noticed that Egyptian newspapers have managed to be representative of the Arab speaking printed press in the region. Egyptian editori- als have showcased the forefront of suggestive means with the purpose of leaving an imprint on the reader’s cognition, despite the fact that Egypt was not the first nation with a printed press capable of printing in Arabic. In this study we utilise quotes and examples from a range of socio-political press articles, dated as far back as 1967, as we provide examples backing our hypotheses for the changes in suggestive tactics used by the authors and editorials in their relevant periods. However, our goal in this article was not to focus on the suggestive means themselves in depth, but to rather provide evi- dence pointing to the fact that these suggestive methods have in fact undergone a process of evolution in their own right, changing with time and thus becoming more advanced and author-specific in the process. The possibility to spread a specific subjective position of an author in society without a need for speeches and the accompanying crowds became one of the defining factors to impact and shape the Arab speaking society since the XIX century. The efficacy of suggestive means in printed media has remained in present days with further evolution imminent due to the digitalisation of information, thus making suggestibility a more important aspect of printed press to explore than ever before.

scholarly journals The Role of Gender in Ophthalmology Resident Evaluations

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. e8-e14
Author(s):  
Faith A. Birnbaum ◽  
Shivram Chandramouli ◽  
Mridul K. Thomas ◽  
Jullia A. Rosdahl
Keyword(s):  
Medical Training ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Resident Training ◽  
Female Faculty ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Male Resident ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Average Coefficient ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Male Faculty

Abstract Background Gender affects various aspects of medical training. Prior research in surgical specialties has shown that female residents are given less positive feedback, granted less autonomy in the operating room, perform fewer procedures, and achieve competency milestones at a slower rate as compared with their male counterparts. Purpose The purpose of this research is to evaluate whether gender affects ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single institution. Methods Ophthalmology resident evaluations at a single residency program from 2010 to 2018 were reviewed. Data were collected on faculty gender, resident gender, and year of resident training. A linear mixed-effects model was utilized to analyze the degree to which differences in evaluation scores could be predicted from demographic data, while accounting for multiple sources of nonindependence of data. Results A total of 490 evaluations for 43 residents by 34 faculty were analyzed. Evaluations consisted of up to 23 questions graded on a scale from 0 (poor) to 9 (excellent). Female residents received marginally higher scores than male residents on average (coefficient of male residents = −0.2). Both male and female residents received marginally lower scores from male faculty than from female faculty on average (coefficient of male faculty = −0.21). Male faculty also appeared to have scored male residents lower to a greater degree than did female faculty (coefficient of male faculty by male resident interaction = −0.14), though this result was sensitive to model specifications. There was no significant interaction between year of resident training and gender. Conclusion In contrast to other procedural specialties, female residents appear to have been graded at a similar level or higher than male residents on average. Male faculty gave slightly lower scores to both male and female residents than female faculty did. Male faculty also may have graded male residents marginally lower than female residents to a greater degree than female faculty did.

Recent Recordings of Traditional music from the Arabian Gulf and Saudi Arabia

1996 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay Hardy Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
East Africa ◽  
Instrumental Music ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Arabian Gulf ◽  
Distribution Channels ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Music Distribution

The music of Saudi Arabia and the Gulf flourishes predominantly within its own regional boundaries, a function of both the fragmented music distribution channels in the Middle East and the deep imprint that local traditional cultures have left on it. While the music’s popularity is strictly regional, it is full of vitality, supporting an array of male and female song stars whose audiences eagerly await performances and recordings.The distinct sound of Gulf music echoes the internal and external historic influences on the region, interwoven with the highly syncopated rhythms and the stark unaccompanied songs of the Bedouin. Pilgrims brought foreign music influences to Mecca and Medina and left their mark on the musical ensembles of the Arabian cities in rhythms and maqāmāt. The trading and pearling towns on the coasts and in the Peninsula’s interior also saw foreigners come and go, who left their music and songs behind. As a result, a rich and varied yet distinctly Arabian/Khalījī sound developed, echoing the voices and instrumental music of East Africa and the Indian subcontinent.

scholarly journals A Perspective on Rabies in the Middle East—Beyond Neglect

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi ◽  
Farbod Alinezhad ◽  
Ivan Kuzmin ◽  
Charles Rupprecht
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Domestic Animal ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Viral Gene ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Wildlife Vaccination ◽  
Animal Vaccination ◽  
And Control

Rabies is a neglected but preventable viral zoonosis that poses a substantial threat to public health. In this regard, a global program has been initiated for the elimination of human rabies caused by rabid dogs through the mass vaccination of canine populations. Geographic areas vary greatly towards attainment of this objective. For example, while dog-mediated and wildlife rabies have been largely controlled in major parts of the Americas and Western Europe, the Middle East still grapples with human rabies transmitted by unvaccinated dogs and cats. Rabies prevention and control in the Middle East is quite difficult because the region is transcontinental, encompassing portions of Africa, Asia, and Europe, while consisting of politically, culturally, and economically diverse countries that are often subject to war and unrest. Consequently, one over-riding dilemma is the misinformation or complete lack of rabies surveillance data from this area. This communication is an attempt to provide an overview of rabies in the Middle East, as a cohesive approach for the honing of disease management in each area, based on data compiled from multiple sources. In addition, the related regional transboundary movement of rabies was investigated through phylogenetic studies of available viral gene sequences. Thereafter, the epidemiological status of rabies was assessed for the region. Finally, localities were classified first by the Stepwise Approach towards Rabies Elimination framework and then categorized into four different groups based on management theme: “rabies free”; owned dog and domestic animal vaccination; community dog vaccination; and wildlife vaccination. The classification system proposed herein may serve as a baseline for future efforts. This is especially important due to the severe lack of rabies information available for the Middle East as a whole and a need for a comprehensive program focusing on the entirety of the region in light of renewed international commitment towards canine rabies elimination.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomic review of the genus Synopsia Hübner, 1825 in the Middle East (Lepidoptera: Geometridae: Ennominae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4885 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50
Author(s):  
DOMINIC WANKE ◽  
AXEL HAUSMANN ◽  
PASI SIHVONEN ◽  
LARS KROGMANN ◽  
HOSSEIN RAJAEI
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Wing Pattern ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Taxonomic Review

The geometrid genera Synopsia Hübner, 1825 and Synopsidia Djakonov, 1935 are revised, both being earlier validated at genus rank. Type specimens, original descriptions and additional specimens from different localities were examined. The revision is based on morphological characters, molecular data and distribution records. As a result, Synopsidia syn. nov. is regarded as junior synonym of the genus Synopsia. The synonymies of the species Scodonia tekkearia Christoph, 1883 and Synopsia znojkoi Djakonov, 1935 with Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Rogenhofer, 1873) comb. nov. are confirmed. Furthermore, Synopsidia phasidaria alvandi Wiltshire, 1966 syn. nov., Synopsidia phasidaria ardschira Brandt, 1938 syn. nov., Synopsidia phasidaria chiraza Brandt, 1938 syn. nov., Hashtaresia jodes Wehrli, 1936 syn. nov. and Synopsidia phasidaria mirabica Wehrli, 1941 syn. nov. are regarded as synonyms of Synopsia phasidaria phasidaria (Rogenhofer, 1873) comb. nov.. Synopsia phasidaria afghana (Wiltshire, 1966) comb. nov. is tentatively validated at subspecific rank. Synopsia centralis (Wiltshire, 1966) comb. nov., bona sp. is upgraded from subspecies to species level. Wing pattern, as well as male and female genitalia and diagnostic characters of examined genera and species are illustrated and analyzed. The distribution patterns of Synopsia phasidaria comb. nov. and Synopsia centralis bona sp., as well as the type localities of all discussed taxa, are provided. A complete checklist of the genus is given. 

scholarly journals Multiple Sources of Genetic Diversity of Influenza A Viruses during the Hajj

2017 ◽  
Vol 91 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna C. A. Cobbin ◽  
Mohammad Alfelali ◽  
Osamah Barasheed ◽  
Janette Taylor ◽  
Dominic E. Dwyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Respiratory Virus ◽  
Influenza A Viruses ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Mass Gatherings ◽  
Respiratory Virus Infection ◽  
Genome Scale

ABSTRACT Outbreaks of respiratory virus infection at mass gatherings pose significant health risks to attendees, host communities, and ultimately the global population if they help facilitate viral emergence. However, little is known about the genetic diversity, evolution, and patterns of viral transmission during mass gatherings, particularly how much diversity is generated by in situ transmission compared to that imported from other locations. Here, we describe the genome-scale evolution of influenza A viruses sampled from the Hajj pilgrimages at Makkah during 2013 to 2015. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the diversity of influenza viruses at the Hajj pilgrimages was shaped by multiple introduction events, comprising multiple cocirculating lineages in each year, including those that have circulated in the Middle East and those whose origins likely lie on different continents. At the scale of individual hosts, the majority of minor variants resulted from de novo mutation, with only limited evidence of minor variant transmission or minor variants circulating at subconsensus level despite the likely identification of multiple transmission clusters. Together, these data highlight the complexity of influenza virus infection at the Hajj pilgrimages, reflecting a mix of global genetic diversity drawn from multiple sources combined with local transmission, and reemphasize the need for vigilant surveillance at mass gatherings. IMPORTANCE Large population sizes and densities at mass gatherings such as the Hajj (Makkah, Saudi Arabia) can contribute to outbreaks of respiratory virus infection by providing local hot spots for transmission followed by spread to other localities. Using a genome-scale analysis, we show that the genetic diversity of influenza A viruses at the Hajj gatherings during 2013 to 2015 was largely shaped by the introduction of multiple viruses from diverse geographic regions, including the Middle East, with only little evidence of interhost virus transmission at the Hajj and seemingly limited spread of subconsensus mutational variants. The diversity of viruses at the Hajj pilgrimages highlights the potential for lineage cocirculation during mass gatherings, in turn fuelling segment reassortment and the emergence of novel variants, such that the continued surveillance of respiratory pathogens at mass gatherings should be a public health priority.

scholarly journals Sex-Specific Transcriptome Differences in Human Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 909
Author(s):  
Eva Bianconi ◽  
Raffaella Casadei ◽  
Flavia Frabetti ◽  
Carlo Ventura ◽  
Federica Facchin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cell Communication ◽  
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells

In humans, sexual dimorphism can manifest in many ways and it is widely studied in several knowledge fields. It is increasing the evidence that also cells differ according to sex, a correlation still little studied and poorly considered when cells are used in scientific research. Specifically, our interest is on the sex-related dimorphism on the human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transcriptome. A systematic meta-analysis of hMSC microarrays was performed by using the Transcriptome Mapper (TRAM) software. This bioinformatic tool was used to integrate and normalize datasets from multiple sources and allowed us to highlight chromosomal segments and genes differently expressed in hMSCs derived from adipose tissue (hADSCs) of male and female donors. Chromosomal segments and differentially expressed genes in male and female hADSCs resulted to be related to several processes as inflammation, adipogenic and neurogenic differentiation and cell communication. Obtained results lead us to hypothesize that the donor sex of hADSCs is a variable influencing a wide range of stem cell biologic processes. We believe that it should be considered in biologic research and stem cell therapy.

Correcting for the Problems of the Survey Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Shields
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
To Come ◽  
Over Time

Every year, I teach a broad survey course on the Modern Middle East (between 120 and 200 students), along with seminars on a wide range of topics. Regardless of the content of these courses, I have three big goals. I want them to come away understanding that the history of the region is more complex and fascinating than they learned in high school and from the pundits, and the simplistic assumptions and solutions they offer answer no questions. Second, I want to persuade them that things change over time, and we can't understand anything without knowing its context—and the context of the Middle East is global. But most imperative: I want to convince students to be critical in analyzing sources of information. Informed citizenship requires students to be able to think critically, and that is what historians do offer. We analyze multiple sources in myriad ways.

Description of a new species of the Central Palaearctic genus Margelana Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) from northeastern Iran

Zootaxa ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 1503 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-19
Author(s):  
MICHAEL FIBIGER ◽  
REZA ZAHIRI ◽  
VLADIMIR S. KONONENKO
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
Palaearctic Region ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Herbaceous Vegetation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae ◽  
A New Species

The genus Margelana Staudinger, 1888 is a member of the tribe Apameini in the subfamily Xyleninae sensu Fibiger & Lafontaine 2005. The genus comprises three superficially similar species, all occurring from the Middle East to the Central Palaearctic region: Margelana versicolor (Staudinger, 1888), M. flavidior F. Wagner, 1931 (with its subspecies M. flavidior ochrea Brandt, 1941) and M. brunnea, sp. n. The habitat of all three species is dry rocky steppe with herbaceous vegetation and scattered bushes. Adults and male and female genitalia of all three species of Margelana are described, compared and illustrated. All three species occur in Iran.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document