VILNIAUS MIESTO PLANO TRANSFORMACIJOS XVIII A. PAB.-XIX A.

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19
Author(s):  
Indrė Čiurlionienė
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Private Property ◽  
City Development ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Functional Scheme ◽  
New City ◽  
City Structure ◽  
Urban Visions ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
The City

Since the end of the 18 th c, Vilnius city planning conceptions and their realization start demonstrating strong features of rational city structure formation manifesting themselves in the composition based on strict geometry and developed at the level of the entire city. The paper discusses how the classicistic urban formation ideas show themselves in Vilnius city planning conceptions of the end of the 18 th c–19th c and tries to highlight some features of realization of the conceptions based on these ideas. The first part of the paper deals with classicistic planning conceptions of Vilnius city and the sociocultural context of their preparation. The second part investigates spread of artistic ideas of Classicism in Vilnius city planning conceptions referring to analysis of combinations of geometric forms. The third part studies how much the newly-adapted urban forms confront with function in conceptions and their realization. Generalizations maintain that rationality and universality are the most distinct features in Vilnius city planning conceptions of the period under consideration. In city formation, classicistic rationalization manifests itself in a strict planned composition, whereas classicistic universality shows itself in application of a standardized colonial city scheme. The most distinct transformations are found in the conceptions of the tsarist period that include strong, although formal city development through transformation of the available city parts, joining of the developed outskirts with the city territory and providing them with the features of the city being transformed as well as planning new city parts in free areas. In the process of planning different city parts, the same set of composition formation tools is applied. Analysis of three objects, i.e. straight lines, intersections thereof and figures formed by them, demonstrates that application of these forms during the tsarist period is confined to quite a minimum quantity of combinations. Usually, an (ir)regular rectangular scheme of a street network is applied. In application of combinations of straight lines, the following three cases are possible: (a) a straight line is applied as an aesthetic measure to solve just aesthetic tasks; (b) a straight line is applied to solve just functional tasks, when an aesthetic aspect remains secondary; (c) a straight line is adapted in compliance with aesthetics and functionality balance, i.e. “aesthetical function”. In some places, analysis of realization of city planning conceptions shows a gap between aesthetics and functionality (case “a”), where a paradox of non-universality of classicistic universal or irrationality of rationality is hidden when universal as a rational functional scheme denies itself due to its non-functionality applying rationalized aesthetics by formal tools in a particular context. A few reasons of non-realisation of the conceptions under consideration may be distinguished: (a) private property impeding realization of general urban visions; (b) absence of motivation for actual city development; (c) incompliance of plans with actual topographic basics; (d) resistance of population to irrational change of an urbanistic network. Most likely, this is the active participation of residents in the process of planning and correction thereof that helped to avoid tsarist contradictions between aesthetics and functionality found in Vilnius plans. Santrauka Nuo XVIII a. pab. Vilniaus miesto planavimo koncepcijose ir realizacijose atsiranda ryškių racionalios miesto struktūros formavimo bruožų, kurie reiškiasi griežta geometrizuota kompozicija, plėtojama viso miesto mastu. Straipsnyje siekiama atskleisti šių transformacijų raišką XVIII a. pab-XIX a. Vilniaus miesto plėtros koncepcijose ir bandoma pabrėžti kai kuriuos šiomis idėjomis paremtų koncepcijų realizacijų bruožus. Pirmojoje straipsnio dalyje nagrinėjamos Vilniaus miesto klasicistinės planavimo koncepcijos ir jų rengimo kontekstas. Antrojoje ir trečiojoje dalyse remiantis geometrinių formų kombinacijų analize nagrinėjama klasicizmo meninių idėjų sklaida Vilniaus miesto planavimo koncepcijose. Trečiojoje dalyje analizuojama, kiek naujai adaptuojamos miesto formos konfrontuoja su funkcija koncepcijose ir jų realizacijose. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama, kaip racionalia miestų planavimo schema siekiama spręsti epochos meninius uždavinius, tačiau pastebima, kad kartais ši schema taikoma remiantis vien meniniais principais, nepaisant konteksto. Tai savo ruožtu lemia konfrontaciją su funkcija, kai dėl šios kontroversijos klasicistinė miesto formavimo schema ne visada yra pritaikoma.

scholarly journals Sharing Lisboa: A Digital Social Market to Promote Sustainable and Energy Efficient Behaviours

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Catarina C. Rolim ◽  
Patrícia Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Urban Mobility ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
New City ◽  
Social Market ◽  
The City ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Change Mitigation

Several solutions and city planning policies have emerged to promote climate change and sustainable cities. The Sharing Cities program has the ambition of contributing to climate change mitigation by improving urban mobility, energy efficiency in buildings and reducing carbon emissions by successfully engaging citizens and fostering local-level innovation. A Digital Social Market (DSM), named Sharing Lisboa, was developed in Lisbon, Portugal, supported by an application (APP), enabling the exchange of goods and services bringing citizens together to support a common cause: three schools competing during one academic year (2018/2019) to win a final prize with the engagement of school community and surrounding community. Sharing Lisboa aimed to promote behaviour change and the adoption of energy-saving behaviours such as cycling and walking with the support of local businesses. Participants earned points that reverted to the cause (school) they supported. A total of 1260 users was registered in the APP, collecting more than 850,000 points through approximately 17,000 transactions. This paper explores how the DSM has the potential to become a new city service promoting its sustainable development. Furthermore, it is crucial for this concept to reach economic viability through a business model that is both profitable and useful for the city, businesses and citizens, since investment will be required for infrastructure and management of such a market.

Comparative Research on Evolution Process of Urban Planning of Songyuan City

2014 ◽  
Vol 584-586 ◽  
pp. 501-506
Author(s):  
Jing Lv ◽  
Yan Zong
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Comparative Research ◽  
Development Process ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Evolution Process ◽  
City Development ◽  
Land Use Structure ◽  
The City

In the process of city development and construction, an oriented urban planning can reasonably determine the direction of the development,the population and land use structure of the city,in order to make overall arrangements and coordinate all aspects of the contradictions. Urban planning has become a necessary part in the development of the city. This paper summarizes the overall plannings of the city of Songyuan over the years, so that readers can clearly grasp the Songyuan city planning and development process and get some enlightenment.

scholarly journals SPONTANEOUS AND REGULAR MODELS OF FORTIFIED CITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE 16TH–17TH CENTURIES)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cherkes B. ◽  
◽  
Lytvynchuk I. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
City Planning ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
Estate Property ◽  
New City ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City

The Ukrainian frontier lands have introduced the principles of early-modern European urbanism which primarily included a defense component in the 16th–17th centuries. The inventory papers and studies of that time indicate that the presence of defense structures around the settlements was determined by the city status, which gave privileges and responsibilities to defend and keep both the city and castle fortifications. However, the presence of archaic ancient Kievan Rus’ traditions continued in the lands of Podillia up to the 18th century, which is proved by the inventory plans taken by cartographers of the Russian Empire after the Second Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. We distinguish between the two main types of fortifications which formed the basis of urban development and influenced their urban model. The first one is called spontaneous – it was formed without any integral plan; the second type is a regular one – the location of the defense system, market square, and sacral structures was designed according to the carefully developed plan. The basis of our research methodology is the fact that the planning structure of the historic city was invariable during the 16th-17th centuries and the works on the relics of ancient planning that have been preserved up to present (mentioned above cadastral prints). The stability of a design structure depended on the following factors: 1) slow colonization process in the border areas and, as a result, low urban growth 2) insufficient funding of the modernization of urban fortifications by the owner, possessor or the state 3) stable estate property management system which regulated the size of the plots. This systematization indicates that the application of regular principles in the city foundation on the steppe border is an exception rather than the usual phenomenon. On the territory between rivers Dniester and Bug we identified 15 cities and fortifications having features of regular planning, and 148 – spontaneous. Thus, the two models of urban development of the Ukrainian cities located on the steppe border in the 16th–17th centuries are analyzed. The analysis proves a close interrelation between the model of urban development and its defense system. It is defined three plans of urban development of border cities: 1. Conservation of urban planning structure of spontaneous planning due to economic stagnation or inappropriateness in the modernization of urban fortifications (Vinnytsia, Bratslav, Khmilnyk). 2. Development of a new city using the idea in cruda radice according to modern principles of fortifications of the 17th century and principles of regular city planning (Yampil, Rashkiv, Kalush). 3. Combination of old spontaneous and regular model principles of urban development in the process of modernization. The proposed method of identification of city elements by cadastral prints can be used only in combination with a careful evaluation of information on the settlement history, and by comparing it with historical context and events, as well as with a full-scale survey of preserved relics on the area

‘Does Africa not deserve shiny new cities?’ The power of seductive rhetoric around new cities in Africa

Urban Studies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2391-2407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Côté-Roy ◽  
Sarah Moser
Keyword(s):  
Urban Policy ◽  
African Continent ◽  
City Development ◽  
Private Interests ◽  
Right To Development ◽  
Fertile Ground ◽  
New City ◽  
Policy Mobilities ◽  
Urban Visions ◽  
Africa Rising

This paper explores the emerging new master-planned city-building trend on the African continent. Situating our research within urban policy mobilities literature, we investigate the ‘Africa rising’ narrative and representation of Africa as a ‘last development frontier’ and ‘last piece of cake’, an imaginary that provides fertile ground for the construction of new cities. Building upon research on the practices of ‘seduction’ that facilitate urban policy circulation, we argue for the relevance of critically examining elite stakeholder rhetoric to understand the relative ease with which the new city development model is being promoted in Africa. We investigate the enablers, advocates and boosters of new cities, represented mainly by states, corporations, non-profits and consultants to render visible the complex networks of relations and private interests that support and enable the creation and circulation of the new cities model in Africa. We also analyse the pervasive ‘right to development’ argument among African elites, which precludes criticism of new city ventures and circulates problematic assumptions about modernity and development. We conclude by discussing how stakeholder rhetoric limits the range of urban visions that are put into circulation and mobilized for Africa’s urban future.

scholarly journals UOSTAMIESČIO VIZUALINIO ĮVAIZDŽIO PLĖTROS GALIMYBĖS IR PROBLEMOS: AUKŠTYBINIŲ PASTATŲ IŠDĖSTYMO SPECIALIOJO PLANO RENGIMAS – SPRENDINIŲ KONKRETIZAVIMAS IR PASEKMIŲ VERTINIMAS/ POSSIBILITIES AND PROBLEMS IN THE FORMATION OF SEAPORT VISUAL IMAGE: SPECIAL PLAN OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS FOR KLAIPĖDA – CURRENT SITUATION AND CONCEPTION

2008 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inesa Alistratovaitė
Keyword(s):  
Visual Image ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
City Development ◽  
High Rise ◽  
High Rise Building ◽  
City Structure ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The City

The paper deals with issues of high-rise building development and contemporary problems related to the formation of city development vision in Lithuania. The analysis focuses on the possibilities and problems arising in the process of developing the Special Plan of high-rise building arrangement in Klaipėda in the formation of the visual image of the city. The methodology of this Plan is discussed by the author in two papers. The present paper is the first one and analyses two stages of the plan development. The first stage is the analysis of the current situation in Klaipėda and possibilities to introduce high-rise buildings into the city morphostructure. This stage comprises 7 aspects: evaluation of the territory development from the point of view of investment possibilities; historical development of the city structure; hierarchy of values of preserved territories; analysis of the territory planning documents regulating townscape formation; evaluation of visual peculiarities; definition of visual identity zones, analysis and evaluation of important mass view points as well as evolvents of views seen from them. The second stage of developing the Special Plan constitutes efforts to define the conception of high-rise buildings arrangement on a city scale, central part scale and old-town scale. Santrauka Straipsnis skirtas aukštybinės statybos plėtros klausimui ir su tuo susijusioms šiandieninėms miesto plėtros vizijos formavimo problemoms Lietuvoje. Nagrinėjamos Klaipėdos miesto vizualinio įvaizdžio plėtros galimybės ir problemos rengiant Klaipėdos miesto aukštybinių pastatų išdėstymo specialųjį planą (SP). Šio plano metodikai aptarti autorė numatė parengti du straipsnius. Šiame, pirmajame, liečiamos dvi plano rengimo stadijos. Pirmoji – tai esama Klaipėdos miesto būklė, galimybės miesto morfostruktūroje rastis aukštybiniams pastatams; jos aptarimas apima 7 aspektus – miesto teritorijos pagal investicines plėtros galimybes vertinimą; miesto struktūros istorinę raidą; saugomų teritorijų vertybinę hierarchiją; dokumentų sprendinių, turinčių įtakos miestovaizdžių formavimui, analizę; vizualinių ypatumų vertinimą; miesto vizualinio identiteto zonų nustatymą ir svarbiausių masinės apžvalgos taškų bei iš jų matomo vaizdo išklotinių tyrimą ir nustatymą. Antroji plano rengimo stadija – tai aukštybinių pastatų išdėstymo koncepcijos paieškos miesto mastu, centrinės dalies mastu ir senamiesčio mastu.

The Technical Support of the Rule of Law of Planning

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 2218-2221
Author(s):  
Jian Feng Xu ◽  
Bing Li
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
City Planning ◽  
Technical Support ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The City

The planning theorem, concept and the related methodology in different era directly influenced the consequence of the city planning at that moment. They are the technical supports to realize the law of city planning. The sound interaction of city planning and city development is always one people are pursuing for. Whereas the city planning is the prerequisite of city development, and it needs corresponding planning theorem and approach to be its technical supports.

scholarly journals Henri Prost in Istanbul: Urban transformation process of Taksim-Maçka Valley (Le parc n°2)

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pelin Bolca ◽  
Rosa Tamborrino ◽  
Fulvio Rinaudo
Keyword(s):  
City Planning ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Public Parks ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
New City ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Republic Of Turkey ◽  
The City

With the foundation of the Republic of Turkey in October 1923, modernization studies have been started throughout the country. The Republican authorities which adopted a new form of government independent of the Ottoman Empire had expectations for the city planning of Turkey according to the modernization rules of urbanism. After the proclamation of the Republic, the capital of the country was relocated from Istanbul to Ankara and the funds of the Republic were canalized to the construction of the new capital city. Following the creation of Ankara, in 1935, French architect and urban planner Henri Prost was invited directly to conduct the planning of Istanbul.  He worked between 1936 and 1951 with a conservative and modernist attitude. Prost’s plans for Istanbul was based on three principal issues: the transportation (la  circulation), hygiene (l’hygiène) and aesthetics (l’aesthetics). He gave importance on urban and public spaces (espaces libres) and proposed two public parks. One of these parks was considered as an archaeological park at the hearth of the Historical Peninsula (parc n1), the other one was considered as a park with cultural, arts and sports functions into the hearth of the Pera district which was the area extending from today’s Taksim Square to Maçka Valley (parc n2) and wherein these days the modern and new city was built. Only Park No2 (parc n2) was partially constructed in the 1940s following these park plans. However, the park has been transformed by the planning decisions taken over time depending on the political, cultural and ideological changes and this transformation process has been intensively discussed by the academic and professional field on the Istanbul’s and Turkey’s urban agenda.   The focus of this study is to understand and define the process of transformation, and investigate the changing of significances of the Taksim-Maçka Valley from foundation of the Republic of Turkey to the present time. Accordingly, the first part of the paper presents the formation process of the area through the 1:2000 plan of Park No2 (parc n2) and the 1:500 plan of The Republic Square and the İnönü Esplanade in Taksim (la place de la République et l'esplanade İnönü à Taksim) which were prepared by Henri Prost. In the second part, the  transformation process that occurs after Prost was discharged from his position is analyzed. The paper concludes with a discussion on the pros and cons of the transformation. In the study, the “digital urban history method” (telling the history of the city in the age of the ICT revolution) was used through the power of various direct and indirect sources with ArcGIS and 3D modeling techniques.

scholarly journals PASAR DI SUDUT TIGA KORIDOR LAMA SEMARANG SEBAGAI PEMBENTUK PLACE DAN LINGKAGE EKONOMI

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Siti Rukayah ◽  
Bambang Supriadi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
City Development ◽  
The Road ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Government ◽  
Western Side ◽  
City Structure ◽  
The City

Semarang city has golden triangle corridor as a commercial corridor in the present day. But, in the past, the city had three corridors (bigger than now). There were Bodjong street (now known as Pemuda street, part of Groote Postweg 1809-1811),  Mataram  street (now Mt. Haryono road - the road that connects the old Semarang port to the Mataram kingdom in inland Java) and Veteran road (the road linking the western side of the city to the street Mataram, to avoid the downtown area which was a swamp area). There were traditional markets in each part of the node of triangle corridors (Johar, Randu Sari and Peterongan ) that still exist until now. This study aims to reveal the organization of city structure at that time. By using the historical method and a naturalistic approach were found that the formation of triangle corridor has a function as economic lingkage and economics place, connecting and attracting each other. In the city development,  these markets become magnet and strategic node as  a place for economic activity. It was formed by the existence of  markets, functioning as the magnet for circulations dan be a place for the community. The existence of traditional villages along the corridors which have toponyms based on community economic activity at that time, became evident that the economic linkage has been formed in the past. This phenomenon has become a new knowledge that can be applied to the government for creating the concept of a city walk/ shopping belt corridor based on local wisdom of the urban planning in the past. Recommendations of this study is to preserve and develop the urban design in the past, so it can be utilized in the present situation.

scholarly journals City Shape and the Fractality of Street Patterns

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Mohajeri ◽  
Paul Longley ◽  
Michael Batty
Keyword(s):  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Power Laws ◽  
Step Length ◽  
The Other ◽  
Main Street ◽  
Straight Line ◽  
Line Slope ◽  
Straight Lines ◽  
The City ◽  
Street Segments

City Shape and the Fractality of Street Patterns This paper discusses, first, the concepts of fractals and power laws in relation to the street patterns of the city of Dundee, East Scotland and, second, the results of the measurement of 6,004 street segments in the city. The trends of the street segments are presented through rose diagrams and show that there are two main street trends in the city: one is parallel with the coast, the other is roughly perpendicular to the coast. It is clear that the coastline largely regulates the street trend, because both the main street trends change along the city so as to be nearly coast-perpendicular and coast-parallel everywhere. The lengths of the street segments follow power laws. When presented on log-log plots, however, the result is not a single straight line but two straight lines. At the break in line slope, the fractal dimension changes from 0.88 to 2.20. The change occurs at the step length of about 100 m, indicating that the short streets belong to a population that is different from that of the longer streets.

The Research on Healthy City Planning Based on GIS

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 77-80
Author(s):  
Ming Guo Liu ◽  
Zheng Yu Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
City Planning ◽  
City Development ◽  
Spatial Decision Support ◽  
Healthy City ◽  
Ecological Resources ◽  
Industrialization Process ◽  
City Construction ◽  
Effective Use ◽  
The City

In this paper, the GIS-based city planning including spatial decision support, planning content and target were analyzed and discussed according to the characteristics of healthy city and the needs of sustainable development. The main contradiction during healthy city construction in China is the contradiction between economic growth and the effective use of ecological resources in the industrialization process. The construction of healthy city is aimed at improving human health level and making the city development in a benign track.

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