scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF BIOLOGICAL AIR‐TREATMENT DEVICE WITH ACTIVATED CHARGE OF DIFFERENT ORIGIN/BIOLOGINIO ORO VALYMO ĮRENGINIO SU AKTYVINTA SKIRTINGOS KILMĖS ĮKROVA VALYMO EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAI/ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ УСТАНОВКИ ДЛЯ БИОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ОЧИСТКИ ВОЗДУХА С АКТИВИРОВАННОЙ ЗАГРУЗКОЙ РАЗЛИЧНОГО ПРОИСХОЖДЕНИЯ

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Alvydas Zagorskis
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Method ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Service Period ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Different Origin

In order to carry out an experimental investigation a biological air‐treatment device was used, namely, a biofilter with a charge of a different origin composed of zeolite, foam and wood chips. When mixing foam and zeolite together with wood chips for air treatment from volatile organic compounds, not only a biological but also adsorptive air‐treatment method is used. Using complex treatment technologies the device efficiency and the charge service period are improved. The investigation has shown that microorganisms, being predominant in the bio‐treatment process, can breed in charges of on inorganic origin made of natural zeolite and foam. While cultivating spontaneous microorganism associations in the charge, biofilter treatment efficiency was determined to be dependent on the sort of the supplied pollutant, concentration and filtration period. The charge filtration function was most efficient at a velocity of 0,1 m/s when the device was supplied with acetone‐polluted air. Cleaning air from acetone, when the original concentration of the pollutant was 103 mg/m3, the filter treatment efficiency reached 95%. When the concentration of pollutants supplied into the biofilter is reduced and the filtration period is increased, the device treatment efficiency increases as well. Santrauka Eksperimentiniams tyrimams atlikti buvo naudotas biologinis oro valymo įrenginys – biofiltras užkrautas skirtingos kilmės įkrova, sudaryta iš ceolito, porolono ir medienos drožlių. Poroloną ir ceolitą maišant su medienos drožlėmis lakiesiems organiniams junginiams valyti iš oro taikomas ne tik biologinis, bet ir adsorbcinis oro valymo metodas. Kompleksiškai taikant skirtingas valymo technologijas pagerinamas įrenginio valymo efektyvumas ir įkrovos naudojimo laikas. Tyrimai parodė, kad biologinio valymo procese vyraujantys mikroorganizmai gali daugintis ir neorganinės kilmės įkrovose, sudarytose iš gamtinio ceolito bei porolono. Įkrovoje kultivuojant savaiminių mikroorganizmų asociacijas nustatytos biofiltro valymo efektyvumo priklausomybės nuo tiekiamo teršalo rūšies, koncentracijos, filtracijos laiko. Geriausiai įkrova filtravo 0,1 m/s greičiu į įrenginį tiekiamą acetonu užterštą orą. Valant iš oro acetoną, kai pradinė teršalo koncentracija yra 103 mg/m3 , filtro valymo efektyvumas siekė 95 %. Mažinant į biofiltrą tiekiamų teršalų koncentracijas ir didinant jų filtracijos laiką, įrenginio valymo efektyvumas didėja. Peзюме Для выполнения экспериментальных исследований использовалось биологическое устройство для очистки воздуха – биофильтр, загруженный загрузкой различной породы, состоящей из цеолита, поролона и древесины. При смешивании поролона, цеолита и древесины для очистки воздуха от летучих органических составов применялся не только биологический, но и aдсорбционный метод очистки воздуха. При совместном применении разных технологий очистки улучшается эффективность устройства и продлевается срок действия загрузки. Исследование показало, что микроорганизмы могут размножаться и на загрузках неорганического происхождения, состоящих из природного цеолита и поролона. При выращивании самопроизвольных ассоциаций микроорганизмов установлены зависимости эффективности очистки воздуха от вида поступающего загрязнителя, концентрации и периода фильтрации. Фильтрация была наилучшей, когда воздух, загрязненный ацетоном, подавался в биофильтр со скоростью 0,1 м/сек. Эффективность биофильтра при очищении воздуха от ацетона, первоначальная концентрация которого составляла 103 мг/м3 , достигала 95%. Эффективность очищения воздуха в устройстве увеличивается, когда концентрация поставляемых в биофильтр загрязнителей уменьшается, а период фильтрации продлевается.

INVESTIGATION INTO THE AIR TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF BIOFILTERS OF DIFFERENT STRUCTURES

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Alvydas Zagorskis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Filtration Time ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Useful Life ◽  
A Charge

Biological air treatment devices, biofilters, of four different structures with different origin charges, composed of natural zeolite granules, foam cubes and wood chips, were used for the experimental investigation. Biological and ad‐sorptive air treatment methods are employed to clean the air from volatile organic compounds by mixing foam and zeolite with wood chips. The use of complex cleaning technologies improves the efficiency of the device and extends the useful life of a charge. The investigation showed that microorganisms predominant in the process of biocleaning could also propagate in the charges of inorganic origin composed of natural zeolite. The dependences of biofilter treatment efficiency on the nature, concentration and filtration time of the fed pollutant were determined when cultivating associations of spontaneous microorganisms in a charge. The best filtration efficiency of the charge was achieved when acetone‐polluted air was fed into the device at a speed of 0.3 m/s. The treatment efficiency of a biofilter with a humidifying chamber reached 98% when cleaning the air from acetone with an initial concentration of the pollutant of 305 mg/m3. The cleaning efficiency of the device increases when reducing the concentrations of pollutants fed into the device and increasing the time of their filtration. Santrauka Eksperimentiniams tyrimams atlikti naudota keturi skirtingu konstrukciju biologiniai oro valymo irenginiai - biofiltrai su skirtingos kilmes ikrovomis, sudarytomis iš gamtines kilmes ceolito granuliu, porolono kubeliu bei medienos skiedru. Porolona ir ceolita maišant su medienos skiedromis, lakiesiems organiniams junginiams iš oro valyti taikomi biologinis ir adsorbcinis oro valymo metodai. Irenginio valymo efektyvumas pagerinamas bei ikrovos naudojimo trukme ilgeja naudojant kompleksines valymo technologijas. Ištyrus nustatyta, kad biologinio valymo procese vyraujantys mikroorganizmai gali daugintis ir neorganines kilmes ikrovose, sudarytose iš gamtinio ceolito. Ikrovoje kultivuojant savaiminiu mikroorganizmu asociacijas nustatytos biofiltru valymo efektyvumo priklausomybes nuo i irengini tiekiamo teršalo prigimties, koncentracijos, filtracijos laiko. Geriausiai ikrova filtravo 0,3 m/s greičiu i biofiltra tiekiama acetono garais užteršta ora. Šalinant iš oro acetona, kai pradine teršalo koncentracija 305 mg/m3, biofiltro su drekinimo kamera valymo efektyvumas sieke 98 %. Mažinant i biofiltrus tiekiamu teršalu koncentracijas bei didinant ju filtracijos laika irenginiu valymo efektyvumas dideja. Резюме Для экспериментальных исследований использовались четыре устройства для биологической очистки воздуха – биофильтры разных конструкций. Загрузку биофильтров составляли гранулы естественного цеолита, поролон и древесина, которые использовались для очистки воздуха от летучих органических веществ. В случае применения для очистки воздуха поролона и цеолита в смеси с древесиной применялся биологический и адсорбционный методы. Применение комплексных технологий способствует улучшению эффективности очистки воздуха и продлению срока применения загрузки. Исследования показали, что в процессе биоочистки микроорганизмы могут размножаться и в неорганической загрузке, состоящей из природного цеолита. Культивируя в загрузке ассоциации микроорганизмов, найдены зависимости эффективности биофильтра от характера загрязнителя, его концентрации, времени фильтрации. Лучше всего загрузка фильтровала воздух, загрязненный парами ацетона и подаваемый в установку со скоростью 0,3 м/с. Эффективность очистки воздуха от ацетона при начальной концентрации загрязняющих веществ в 305 мг/м3 для биофильтра с камерой увлажнения составляла 98%. При снижении концентрации загрязняющих веществ, подаваемых в биофильтр, и повышении времени фильтрации загрязненного воздуха эффективность установки увеличивается.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION OF CLEANING EFFICIENCY OF A BIOFILTER WITH AN AERATION CHAMBER/VALYMO BIOFILTRU SU AERACINE KAMERA EFEKTYVUMO TYRIMAI/ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ БИОФИЛЬТРА С АЭРАЦИОННОЙ КАМЕРОЙ

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Alvydas Zagorskis
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Biogenic Elements ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Water Saturated

The investigation was carried out using a biological air‐treatment device, i.e. a biofilter with an aeration chamber filled with water saturated with biogenic elements. To accelerate the absorption of organic compounds, air polluted with volatile organic compounds is directed to a water reservoir installed in the lower part of the filter where organic compounds are destructed. In the process of aeration, microorganisms propagate in the chamber, degrading part of pollutants to harmless products, carbon dioxide and water. Since all hydrocarbons are water‐soluble, the aeration chamber is the first phase in a hydrocarbon degradation process. Application of such a polluted air‐feeding model improves the sorption qualities of a charge. When relative air humidity reaches 100%, water‐drops evenly distribute over the entire surface area of the charge and improve the activity of microorganisms. Having passed through the aeration chamber, polluted air is filtered via charges of a different origin, composed of zeolite, foam, wood chips or their mixtures. The carried out experiment shows that the best charge filtering capacity is achieved when supplying air polluted with acetone at the rate of 0.1 m/s. At the initial pollutant concentration of 115 mg/m3 the biofilter treatment efficiency reached 96%. The aeration chamber installed in the biofilter increases both microbiological activity of the charge and air treatment efficiency. Santrauka Tyrimai atlikti naudojant biologinį oro valymo įrenginį – biofiltrą su aeracine kamera, pripildyta biogeninių elementų prisotinto vandens. Siekiant pagreitinti organinių junginių absorbciją lakiaisiais organiniais junginiais, užterštas oras nukreipiamas į filtro apatinėje dalyje įrengtą vandens talpyklą, kurioje vyksta organinių junginių destrukcija. Aeracijos proceso metu kameroje dauginasi mikroorganizmai. Jie suskaido dalį teršalų iki nekenksmingų produktų – anglies dvideginio ir vandens. Visi angliavandeniliai tirpūs vandenyje, todėl aeracinė kamera yra pirminis angliavandenilių skilimo proceso etapas. Taikant tokį užteršto oro tiekimo į įrenginį modelį pagerinamos įkrovos sorbcinės savybės. Santykinei oro drėgmei pakilus iki 100 %, vandens lašeliai tolygiai pasiskirsto per visą įkrovos paviršiaus plotą ir pagerina mikroorganizmų aktyvumą. Pratekėjęs aeracinę kamerą užterštas oras filtruojamas pro skirtingos kilmės įkrovas, sudarytas iš ceolito, porolono, medienos drožlių ir jų mišinių. Atlikus eksperimentinius tyrimus nustatyta, kad geriausiai įkrova filtravo 0,1 m/s greičiu į įrenginį tiekiamą acetonu užterštą orą. Esant pradinei šio teršalo koncentracijai 115 mg/m3 , valymo biofiltru efektyvumas siekė 96 %. Taigi biofiltre įrengta aeracinė kamera padidina įkrovos mikrobiologinį aktyvumą ir užteršto oro valymo efektyvumą. Резюме При выполнении экспериментальных исследований использовалось биологическое устройство для очистки воздуха – биофильтр с аэрационной камерой, заполненной водой и насыщаемой биогенными элементами. Для того, чтобы ускорить процессы абсорбции органических соединений, воздух, загрязненный летучими органическими соединениями, направлялся в резервуар с водой, установленный в низкой части фильтра, в котором органические соединения разрушались. В процессе аэрации в камере размножаются микроорганизмы, которые разрушают часть загрязнителей до безопасных продуктов: углекислого газа и воды. Так как все углеводороды растворимы в воде, в аэрационной камере происходит первоначальный процесс деградации углеводорода. При такой модели подачи загрязненного воздуха в устройство улучшаются сорбционные свойства загрузки. Когда относительная влажность воздуха достигает 100%, капли воды равномерно распределяются по всей площади поверхности загрузки и улучшают деятельность микроорганизмов. Пройдя через аэрационную камеру, загрязненный воздух фильтруется через загрузку различного происхождения, составленную из цеолита, поролона, щепы или их смесей. Эксперимент показал, что загрузка лучше всего фильтровала загрязненный ацетоном воздух, подаваемый в устройство со скоростью 0,1 м/сек. При начальной концентрации загрязнителя, равной 115 мг/м3 , эффективность биофильтра достигала 96%. Таким образом, установленная в биофильтре аэрационная камера увеличивает как микробиологическую активность загрузки, так и эффективность очищения воздуха.

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION INTO DETERMINING THE HUMIDITY OF CHARGE USED FOR BIOLOGICAL AIR TREATMENT

2007 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 193-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranas Baltrėnas ◽  
Alvydas Zagorskis
Keyword(s):  
Wood Chip ◽  
Wood Chips ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
Foam Rubber ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
A Charge ◽  
Temperature Time

Microorganisms can reproduce only in such substrata which contain a certain amount of water and dissolved nutritious substances. Therefore, it is necessary to search for such charges that are distinguished by a large filtering surface and good humidity‐retaining properties. In experiments three types of materials ‐ wood, zeolite and foam ‐ were used as a charge for the biological air‐cleaning process. The charges were mixed up to maintain humidity necessary for the microorganisms in the biofilter as long as possible. The charges were placed into three different cassettes in the biofilter. The wood charge consisted of wood chips of 10–15 mm and that of zeolite contained 10–12 mm of zeolite granules. The foam rubber was cut into separate cubes each having the dimensions of 30×30×20 mm. Dependence of the charge humidity on the airflow rate, temperature, time and charge thickness was determined in the work. During the experiments the airflow rate reached 0.1–0.6 m/sec., and the temperature ranged from 15 to 35 °C. Foam showed the best sorption properties, but a better distribution of humidity was found in the wood‐chip charge.

Air treatment efficiency of biofilter with adsorbing zeolite layer

Ekologija ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvydas Zagorskis ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Air Treatment

scholarly journals Measurement of flow velocity profiles in tank structures using the prototype device OCM Pro LR

2011 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 263-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Klepiszewski ◽  
M. Teufel ◽  
S. Seiffert ◽  
E. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fluid Dynamic ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Cfd Modelling ◽  
Ultrasonic Signals ◽  
Cfd Models

Generally, studies investigating the treatment efficiency of tank structures for storm water or waste water treatment observe pollutant flows in connection with conditions of hydraulic loading. Further investigations evaluate internal processes in tank structures using computational fluid dynamic (CFD) modelling or lab scale tests. As flow paths inside of tank structures have a considerable influence on the treatment efficiency, flow velocity profile (FVP) measurements can provide a possibility to calibrate CFD models and contribute to a better understanding of pollutant transport processes in these structures. This study focuses on tests carried out with the prototype FVP measurement device OCM Pro LR by NIVUS in a sedimentation tank with combined sewer overflow (CSO) situated in Petange, Luxembourg. The OCM Pro LR measurement system analyses the echo of ultrasonic signals of different flow depths to get a detailed FVP. A comparison of flow velocity measured by OCM Pro LR with a vane measurement showed good conformity. The FVPs measured by OCM Pro LR point out shortcut flows within the tank structure during CSO events, which could cause a reduction of the cleaning efficiency of the structure. The results prove the applicability of FVP measurements in large-scale structures.

scholarly journals Pretreatment of Lignocelollusic Biomass Based on Improving Enzymatic Hydrolysis

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Madadi ◽  
Yuanyuan Tu ◽  
Aqleem Abbas
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Accessible Surface Area ◽  
Effective Parameters ◽  
Sugar Degradation ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Accessible Surface ◽  
Alternative Energy Resources ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Lignocellulosic materials among the alternative energy resources are the most desirable resources that can be employed to produce cellulosic ethanol, but this materials due to physical and chemical structure arranges strong native recalcitrance and results in low yield of ethanol. Then, a proper pre-treatment method is required to overcome this challenge. Until now, different pre-treatment technologies have been established to enhance lignocellulosic digestibility. This paper widely describes the structure of lignocellulosic biomass and effective parameters in pre-treatment of lignocelluloses, such as cellulose crystallinity, accessible surface area, and protection by lignin and hemicellulose. In addition, an overview about the most important pre-treatment processes include physical, chemical, and biological are provided. Finally, we described about the inhibitors enzymes which produced from sugar degradation during pre-treatment process and the ways to control this inhibitors.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 5(1): 1-11

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL REEARCH ON APPLYING LAVSAN IN THE AIR BIOFILTRATION PROCESS / LAVSANO TAIKYMO ORO BIOFILTRACIJOS PROCESE EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 376-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvydas Zagorskis ◽  
Aleksandra Milaknytė
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Cleaning Efficiency ◽  
Initial Concentration ◽  
Air Cleaning ◽  
Air Volume ◽  
Air Stream ◽  
Cleaning Device ◽  
Rich Solution ◽  
Material Load ◽  
Air Biofiltration

Air cleaning efficiency tests on placing material load into the lavsan biofilter were carried out. Testing included butanol vapour-contaminated air stream pulled during the boot. The studies were conducted by the Department of Environmental Protection at VGTU that developed a biofilter – an experimental biological air cleaning device. Measurements were done using 60 l/min and 90 l/min air volume aspirators under the initial pollutant concentration making 180, 305, 350, 440 and 545 mg/m3. Before measuring the concentrations of butanol lavsan cartridge, loading was periodically irrigated with nutrient-rich solution. In order to evaluate the influence of microorganisms on genus Pseudomonas, cleaning efficiency tests were repeated – Boot was moistened with water only, which allowed measuring butanol vapour concentrations after the cartridge. At the concentration of 180±9 mg/m3, efficiency reached 41% at a speed of 0,07 m/s and 46 % at a speed of 0,10 m/s. Measuring the performance of the initial concentration of 545±67 mg/m3, efficiency was 54% at 0,07 m/s and 53 % at 0,10 m/s respectively. Article in Lithuanian. Santrauka Atlikti oro valymo efektyvumo tyrimai į lašelinį biofiltrą įkrovus lavsano medžiagos įkrovą. Bandymų metu pro įkrovą buvo traukiamas butanolio garais užterštas oro srautas. Tyrimai atliekami naudojant VGTU Aplinkos apsaugos katedroje sukurtą eksperimentinį biologinį oro valymo įrenginį – biofiltrą. Matavimai atlikti leidžiant 60 l/min. ir 90 l/min. oro kiekį aspiratoriumi. Pradinės teršalo koncentracijos – 180, 305, 350, 440, 545 mg/m3. Prieš matuojant butanolio koncentracijas panaudojant lavsano medžiagos kasetę, įkrova buvo periodiškai drėkinama maistinių medžiagų prisotintu tirpalu. Pseudomonas genties mikroorganizmų įtakai valymo efektyvumui įvertinti tyrimai buvo pakartoti – įkrovos sudrėkinamos tik vandeniu, leidžiami butanolio garai, ir matuojamos koncentracijos panaudojus lavsano medžiagos kasetę. Esant 180±89 mg/m3 koncentracijai biofiltro oro valymo efektyvumas siekė 41 %, kai per įkrovą leidžiamo dujų srauto greitis buvo 0,07 m/s, ir 46 %, kai greitis 0,10 m/s. Nustatyta valymo efektyvumas. Esant 545±55 mg/m3 pradinei koncentracijai jis siekė 54 % (0,07 m/s) ir 53 % (0,10 m/s).

scholarly journals EFFECTIVENESS RESEARCH ON A WAVY LAMELLAR PLATE-TYPE BIOFILTER WITH A CAPILLARY SYSTEM FOR THE HUMIDIFICATION OF THE PACKING MATERIAL APPLYING INTROINDUCED MICROORGANISMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 254-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kęstutis MAČAITIS ◽  
Antonas MISEVIČIUS ◽  
Algimantas PAŠKEVIČIUS ◽  
Vita RAUDONIENĖ ◽  
Jūratė REPEČKIENĖ
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Aerodynamic Resistance ◽  
Porous Plate ◽  
Packing Material ◽  
Microbiological Activity ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Air Treatment ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Plate Type ◽  
Pollutant Gases

To conduct research, a new generation plate-type air treatment biofilter for removing gaseous pollutants from air has been applied under laboratory conditions. A distinguishing feature of the packing material of the biofilter includes wavy lamellar polymer plates placed to each other and producing a capillary effect of humidification. While having such an arrangement, wavy lamellar plates also have rather wide spacing (6 mm), and therefore the employment of the structure of the plate-type packing material decreases the aerodynamic resistance of the device. A wavy porous plate is made of a polymer plate that ensures stiffness. Both sides of the wavy lamellar polymer plate have attached steam exploded birch fiber pellets under which, to increase plate capillarity, not-woven caulking material is put. This technological decision allows effectively enhancing the durability of the biopacking material. The work presents the results of research on the efficiency of the biodestruction process of acetone, xylene and ammonia. With reference to the conducted investigation, the high efficiency of air treatment and microbiological activity has been established. When pollutant gases (acetone, xylene and ammonia), under a velocity of 0.08 m s–1, passed through the biopacking material, microbiological activity in the material reached on average 1×108 cfu/cm2, and air treatment efficiency made 90.7%.

scholarly journals Physical Model Testing Of An Experimental Vortex Device For Controlling Total Suspended Solids In Stormwater

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zihan Mi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Oil Removal ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Compact Size ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Solids Removal ◽  
Regulatory Guideline

In highly urbanized area, lack of space limits the application of most stormwater quality treatment technologies. Oil/Grit Separators (OGSs) are preferred in these cases due to their compact size and reasonable solids removal efficiency. The objective of this research is to identify the challenges and practical potential solutions of solids treatment performance testing on a full-scaled experimental vortex device (EVD) adopting TRCA’s regulatory guideline titled the “Procedure for Laboratory Testing of Oil/Grit Separators” (referred to in this paper as the Procedure) which stipulates the standards of sediments and oil removal tests in Canada. The test results indicated that: (1) TSS treatment efficiency of EVD was observed to decline with the particle size and flow rate; and (2) the average overall TSS treatment efficiency decreased from 52% to 44% as the flow rate doubled.

scholarly journals Removal of oxidative stress and genotoxic activities during drinking water production by ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yu ◽  
Elin Lavonen ◽  
Agneta Oskarsson ◽  
Johan Lundqvist
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Full Scale ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Treatment Efficiency ◽  
Drinking Water Production ◽  
Treatment Technologies

Abstract Background Bioanalytical tools have been shown to be useful in drinking water quality assessments. Here, we applied a panel of in vitro bioassays to assess the treatment efficiency of two pilot-scale treatments: ozonation and granular activated carbon (GAC) filtration at a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP). The pilot-scale systems were studied alongside a full-scale treatment process consisting of biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration, UV disinfection, and monochloramine dosing. Both systems were fed the same raw water treated with coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation and sand filtration. The endpoints studied were oxidative stress (Nrf2 activity), genotoxicity (micronuclei formations), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, as well as estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) activity. Results Nrf2, AhR, and ER activities and genotoxic effects were detected in the incoming raw water and variability was observed between the sampling events. Compared to most of the samples taken from the full-scale treatment system, lower Nrf2, AhR, and ER bioactivities as well as genotoxicity were observed in all samples from the pilot-scale systems across all sampling events. The most pronounced treatment effect was a 12-fold reduction in Nrf2 activity and a sixfold decrease in micronuclei formations following ozonation alone. GAC filtration alone resulted in sevenfold and fivefold reductions in Nrf2 activity and genotoxicity, respectively, in the same sampling event. Higher bioactivities were detected in most samples from the full-scale system suggesting a lack of treatment effect. No androgenic nor anti-androgenic activities were observed in any sample across all sampling events. Conclusions Using effect-based methods, we have shown the presence of bioactive chemicals in the raw water used for drinking water production, including oxidative stress, AhR and ER activities as well as genotoxicity. The currently used treatment technologies were unable to fully remove the observed bioactivities. Ozonation and GAC filtration showed a high treatment efficiency and were able to consistently remove the bioactivities observed in the incoming water. This is important knowledge for the optimization of existing drinking water treatment designs and the utilization of alternative treatment technologies.

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