scholarly journals THE IMPROVEMENT CONCEPTION OF DRIVERS TRAINING AND EXAMINATION SYSTEM IN LITHUANIA / VAIRUOTOJŲ RENGIMO IR EGZAMINAVIMO SISTEMOS LIETUVOJE TOBULINIMO KONCEPCIJA / КОНЦЕПЦИЯ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ СИСТЕМЫ ПОДГОТОВКИ И АТТЕСТАЦИИ ВОДИТЕЛЕЙ В ЛИТВЕ

Transport ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdas Valiūnas ◽  
Robertas Pečeliūnas ◽  
Saulius Nagurnas ◽  
Vidas Žuraulis ◽  
Kristina Kemzūraitė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Examination System

The current paper presents the structure of the drivers training and examination system existing in Lithuania and describes the interrelations between the institutions involved in the said process. In course of analysis of models of drivers training and examination systems of various countries, their advantages and imperfections are highlighted. The experience of Germany, Holland, Sweden and Great Britain in the sphere of training and examination of motor vehicles drivers is described. In the end of the paper, conclusions and recommendations for improving the quality of drivers training and examination system as well as traffic safety in Lithuania are provided. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama dabartinės vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo sistemos Lietuvoje struktūra, nurodomi institucijų, dalyvaujančių šiame procese, tarpusavio ryšiai. Analizuojant įvairų šalių vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo modelius, išryškinami jų privalumai bei trūkumai. Aprašoma Vokietijos, Olandijos, Švedijos ir Didžiosios Britanijos patirtis kelių transporto priemonių vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo srityje. Pabaigoje pateikiamos išvados ir rekomendacijos, kurias įgyvendinus įmanoma pagerinti ne tik vairuotojų rengimo ir egzaminavimo kokybę, bet ir saugų eismą Lietuvoje. Резюме Представлена структура системы подготовки и аттестации (тестирования) водителей в Литве, названы организации, участвующие в данном процессе, и их взаимосвязь. На основании проведенного анализа моделей подготовки и аттестации водителей в разных странах представлены преимущества и недостатки упомянутых моделей. Рассмотрен опыт Германии, Голландии, Швеции и Великобритании в области подготовки и аттестации водителей транспортных средств. В заключении представлены выводы и рекомендации, принятие которых будет способствовать улучшению не только качества подготовки и аттестации, но и безопасности дорожного движения в Литве.

Crashes Involving Long Combination Vehicles: Data Quality Problems and Recommendations for Improvement

2001 ◽  
Vol 1779 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert A. Scopatz
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Reporting System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reliable Data ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis ◽  
Primary Focus

In 1999–2000, the Automobile Association of America Foundation for Traffic Safety conducted a research program to identify the barriers to analysis of large-truck safety experience in the United States. The primary focus was on so-called longer combination vehicles (LCVs)—the doubles and triples running on major highways throughout the country. Five states (Florida, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Utah) participated in a review and evaluation of their data-collection and analysis practices. Two of the states (Oregon and Utah) also participated in an audit of completed crash reports for crashes involving large trucks and specifically doubles and triples. The results show that none of the five states has a crash-reporting system that adequately supports the analysis of LCV safety. In general, there is a lack of reliable data on the exact configuration of vehicles involved in crashes and a lack of specific measures of exposure for LCVs. Without good data on configuration and good measures of exposure, the main question about LCV safety (i.e., are they more or less safe than other large commercial motor vehicles?) cannot be answered empirically. The report concludes with a series of recommendations for improving the quality of data for crashes involving large trucks and a state’s ability to analyze LCV crashes specifically.

ANALYSIS OF REGULATIONS REGARDING THE SETTLEMENT OF ISSUES ON THE REMOVAL AND RECOVERY OF PLANTATIONS IN THE RIGHT-OF-WAY OF PUBLIC ROADS

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-60
Author(s):  
Nataliia Kharytonova ◽  
Olha Mykolaienko ◽  
Tetyana Lozova
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Visual Orientation ◽  
Right Of Way ◽  
Adverse Weather ◽  
Overhead Power Lines ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neck Diameter ◽  
Proper Operation

Greening of roads contributes to the protection of roads and their elements from influence of adverse weather and climatic factors; it includes the measures for improvement and landscaping of roads, ensures the protection of roadside areas from transport pollution, provides visual orientation of drivers. The solution of these issues will ensure creation and maintenance of safe and comfortable conditions for travelers. Green plantings in the right-of-way road area include woody, bushy, flower and grass vegetation of natural and artificial origin. For proper operation of public roads and satisfaction of other needs of the industry, there may be the need in removing the greenery. The reason for the removal of greenery in the right-of-way road area may be due to the following factors: construction of the architectural object, widening of the motor road, repair works in the security zone of overhead power lines, water supply, drainage, heating, telecommunications facilities, cutting of hazardous, dry and fautal trees, as well as self-grown and brushwood trees with a root neck diameter not exceeding 5 cm, elimination of the consequences of natural disasters and emergencies. The removal of plantations in the right-of-way area is executed in order to ensure traffic safety conditions and to improve the quality of plantations composition and their protective properties. Nowadays, in Ukraine there is no clear procedure for issuing permits for removing of such plantations. In order to resolve this issue, there is a need in determining the list of regulations in the area of forest resources of Ukraine and, if needed, the list of regulatory acts that have to be improved; to prepare a draft of the regulatory legal act that would establish the procedure of plantations cutting, the methodology of their condition determination, recovery costs determination, the features of cutting. Keywords: plantations, cutting, right-of-way, woodcutting permit, order.

scholarly journals How Different Fermentation Type Affects Volatile Composition of Plum Jerkums

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4658
Author(s):  
Magdalena Januszek ◽  
Paweł Satora
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Higher Alcohols ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Volatile Composition ◽  
Spontaneous Fermentation ◽  
Fermentation Efficiency ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
The Impact

Quality of plum jerkum is significantly associated to the profile of volatile compounds. Therefore, we decided to assess the impact of various fermentation types on selected properties of plum jerkums, especially compounds which contribute to the aroma of the finished product. We used the following yeast strains: S. cerevisiae S1, H. uvarum H2, and Ethanol RED (S. cerevisiae). Moreover, we considered spontaneous fermentation. S. cerevisiae and H. uvarum strains were isolated during the fermentation of Čačanska Lepotica or Węgierka Dąbrowicka (plum cultivars), respectively. As for fermentation type, spontaneous fermentation of H. uvarum H2 provided the best results. It could be associated to the fact that plum juices fermented with H. uvarum H2 presented the highest concentration of terpenoids, esters, or some higher alcohols. In the current paper, application of indigenous strains of yeasts resulted in the required oenological characteristics, e.g., highest fermentation efficiency and concentration of ethanol was determined in juices fermented with Ethanol RED (S. cerevisiae) and also with S. cerevisiae S1. Our results suggested that indigenous strains of yeasts present in plums demonstrate great potential for the production of plum jerkums of high quality.

scholarly journals Contrasting Perspectives on the Comfort and Safety of Pedestrians Interacting with Other Road Users

2021 ◽  
Vol 2675 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
Alexander Bigazzi ◽  
Gurdiljot Gill ◽  
Meghan Winters
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Road User ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Advisory Group ◽  
User Interactions ◽  
The Public ◽  
Road Users ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
Sample Representation

Assessments of interactions between road users are crucial to understanding comfort and safety. However, observers may vary in their perceptions and ratings of road user interactions. The objective of this paper is to examine how perceptions of yielding, comfort, and safety for pedestrian interactions vary among observers, ranging from members of the public to road safety experts. Video clips of pedestrian interactions with motor vehicles and bicycles were collected from 11 crosswalks and shown to three groups of participants (traffic safety experts, an engaged citizen advisory group, and members of the general public) along with questions about yielding, comfort, and risk of injury. Experts had similar views of yielding and comfort to the other two groups, but a consistently lower assessment of injury risk for pedestrians in the study. Respondent socio-demographics did not relate to perceptions of yielding, comfort, or risk, but self-reported travel habits did. Respondents who reported walking more frequently rated pedestrian comfort as lower, and respondents who reported cycling more frequently rated risk as lower for pedestrian interactions with both motor vehicles and bicycles. Findings suggest small groups of engaged citizens can provide useful information about public perspectives on safety that likely diverge from expert assessments of risk, and that sample representation should be assessed in relation to travel habits rather than socio-demographics.

scholarly journals Drunk Drivers’ Willingness to Use and to Pay for Designated Drivers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 5362
Author(s):  
Rong-Chang Jou ◽  
Li-Wun Syu
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Car Accidents ◽  
Drunk Drivers ◽  
Double Hurdle ◽  
The Government ◽  
Willingness To Use

While drunk driving accidents, which are a serious problem in Taiwan, have decreased in recent years, cases of drunk driving continue to emerge endlessly, and are a source of traffic risks even when the accidents cause no injuries. In order to prevent drunk driving and reduce car accidents, the government has made laws stricter, and has vigorously promoted “designated drivers”. As the concept of designated drivers is not common in Taiwan, this study mainly explores drunk drivers’ understanding of designated drivers in Nantou County and Taichung City, and investigates the willingness of drunk drivers to use and to pay for designated driving services. This study conducted a questionnaire survey on the drunk drivers of the drunk driving and traffic safety training course held at the Motor Vehicles Office. Double-hurdle and tobit models were applied to investigate the issues mentioned above. According to the test results, the tobit model was superior to the double-hurdle model. The estimation results indicated that distance, age, income, family conditions, and drinking habits influence the willingness to use and to pay for designated drivers. Gender, age, family background, and experience in designated driving cause differences in the willingness to use designated drivers in the two regions. It is expected that the conclusion of this study could provide a direction and reference for the future improvement of designated driving services.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of a Transport Company in the Aspect of Car Vehicle Operation

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 427
Author(s):  
Magdalena Rykała ◽  
Łukasz Rykała
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Neural Model ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Vehicle Operation ◽  
The Impact

The article describes the issues of transport of bulk materials. The knowledge of this process has a key impact on the rational planning of transport tasks. It is necessary to have knowledge about the transport services market and the competition that exists in it. In order to achieve a competitive advantage on the market, enterprises should analyze data on the implementation of transport tasks on an ongoing basis. It is also important that the costs incurred from the conducted activity are minimized, while increasing the quality of services and taking into account the sustainable development of the enterprise. The study analyzes data from a few selected motor vehicles in the period of 3 years of operation, coming from an enterprise specializing in the transport of bulk materials. Moreover, a global sensitivity analysis was performed based on a neural model describing the impact of the analyzed factors on the company’s profit. The results show that the most important factors influencing the company’s profit are the fuel consumption of individual vehicles, the driver (driving style) and the month (average temperature, weather conditions).

scholarly journals Noise at the time of COVID 19: The impact in some areas in Rome and Milan, Italy

Noise Mapping ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-264
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Alsina Pagès ◽  
Francesc Alías ◽  
Patrizia Bellucci ◽  
Pier Paolo Cartolano ◽  
Ilaria Coppa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Commercial Activities ◽  
Real Time Traffic ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic was confirmed in Italy at the end of January 2020, when the first positive cases for the virus were identified. At the beginning of March, the virus had spread to all Italian regions and on 10 March 2020 the lockdown phase began, limiting the movement of people and prohibiting almost all commercial activities, businesses and non-essential industries. As a result, millions of people were forced to stay at home, causing a drastic drop in traffic volume, which significantly changed the acoustic environment and air quality of cities. On 4 May 2020, the lockdown was partially lifted and activities were progressively reopened. Therefore, traffic gradually started to increase and, consequently, the noise emitted by motor vehicles. This behaviour was confirmed by the data collected by the DYNAMAP system, an automatic platform developed within the LIFE DYNAMAP project, providing real time traffic noise maps in terms of sound pressure levels and impacts at receivers (people and dwellings exposed to noise level bands). In this paper traffic and non-traffic-related noise events in the cities of Rome and Milan from March to May 2020 are analysed and compared to the corresponding values in 2019 to evaluate the effects of the lockdown period.

Medical standard as a historical component on the way of clinical audit

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
А.B. Zimenkovsky ◽  
◽  
T.G. Gutor ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Clinical Audit ◽  
Medical Aid ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Medical Standard ◽  
Care System

Aim - the search, analysis and systematization of historical facts concerning the formation and evo-lution of the world medical standartization; severance of its certain long-standing models for the optimization of settling and introduction of the existing, and future analogs, particularly, in the clinical audit format. Material and Methods. In order to study the medical standard as a historical component the fol-lowing methods were used: bibliographic, historical, analytical and methods of systematization and comparison. Results and Discussion. As a result of the conducted research the main historical events in the world development of the medical standartization starting from 1500 up till nowadays were col-lected. In order to study the evolution of the medical standartization, the analysis of the normative documents that have regulated the process of standartization, especially the Doctor's statute(s) in Russia, Minimal standard of the medical equipment and works of the American college of surgeons, was carried out. The scientific works that initiated the introduction of the clinical audit in the Health Care system in Ukraine, Turkey, the USA and Great Britain were throroughly analyzed. Conclusions. The improvement of quality as to rendering the medical aid is a job priority in the health care systems in many countries. For that reason, the search for its optimization was and is still retrieved for many centuries. The territorial formation of medical standartization is associated with England, Russia and the USA, but the occurrence of clinical audit is connected with Ukraine, Turkey, the USA and Great Britain. The foundations of the medical standardization was lauched in 1500 year, while the clinical audit - in 1854 year. The medical standartization is a reflection of the history of development of the organization of health care system, that's why the expertness (knowl-edge) of historical stages concerning the setting and the introduction of medical standartization may give a new impulse in its improvement and development under present-day conditions of reforma-tion in the medical sphere in Ukraine. The earlier beginning of implementation of the medical stan-dartization in the health care system in different countries makes it possible to actualize its introduc-tion into the clinical audit format, that, in its turn, allows to improve the quality of rendering the medical aid. Key words: medical standartization, clinical audit, quality of medical aid

scholarly journals 40. MVCs: Five Most Frequent Sources of Injury

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (S2) ◽  
pp. S41-S41
Author(s):  
John E. Gough ◽  
Richard C. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Safety ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Highway Traffic ◽  
Sampling System ◽  
National Highway Traffic Safety ◽  
National Highway

Purpose: To determine the most frequent sources of injuries from the interior of motor vehicles involved in crashes.Methods: We searched the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration's National Accident Sampling System to determine the most frequent sources of injuries. This database includes sources of injuries resulting from crashes from January 1, 1991 to December 31, 1992.

scholarly journals Improving Translation Quality By Using Ensemble Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3512-3514
Author(s):  
D. Chopra ◽  
N. Joshi ◽  
I. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Machine Translation ◽  
Open Problem ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Translation Quality ◽  
Ensemble Approach ◽  
Baseline Approach

Machine translation (MT) has been a topic of great research during the last sixty years, but, improving its quality is still considered an open problem. In the current paper, we will discuss improvements in MT quality by the use of the ensemble approach. We performed MT from English to Hindi using 6 MT different engines described in this paper. We found that the quality of MT is improved by using a combination of various approaches as compared to the simple baseline approach for performing MT from source to target text.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document