scholarly journals Screening municipal waste collectors for cystic echinococcosis and toxocariasis in southwestern Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 154-161
Author(s):  
Molouk Beiromvand ◽  
Abdollah Rafiei ◽  
Mehdi Tavalla ◽  
Roya Daneshbakhtyar
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Southwestern Iran ◽  
The City

Introduction: Cystic Echinococcosis (CE) and toxocariasis caused by the larval stages of intestinal dog worms including Echinococcus granulosus and Toxocara spp. are among the most widespread zoonotic diseases. Methodology: Four hundred municipal waste collectors were serologically evaluated for CE and toxocariasis. To identify the seropositive cases of CE, an ELISA test was performed using native AgB. Toxocara IgG detection was carried out using ELISA DRG kit (USA), and the seropositive cases were then examined by a Western blot kit (LDBIO, France) to confirm the positive ELISA results. Results: 15 (3.7%) workers were seropositive for CE according to the ELISA. A significant relationship was observed between being seropositive and having contact with soil and dogs. No significant correlations were observed between education and the prevalence of these diseases. Of the 15 seropositive workers for CE, ten worked in district 5 of Ahvaz. Toxocara IgG was identified in 11 (2.7%) cases using the ELISA; however, none of them were confirmed by Western blotting. Conclusion: The 3.7% rate of seroprevalence for CE in asymptomatic municipal waste collectors living in urban regions of Ahvaz suggests a high rate. The higher rate of infection among workers in district 5 is likely associated with the presence of stray and owned dogs in that area of the city. A prolonged exposure to contaminated soil, the lack of awareness about the risk of diseases that can be transmitted through waste and the lack of general availability of suitable personal protective equipment for waste collectors might cause infectious diseases.

scholarly journals INDIKATOR MAKROEKONOMI DAN PEMBANGUNAN KOTA BANDUNG

2019 ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Teguh Santoso ◽  
Bayu Kharisma
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Moving Average ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Purchasing Power ◽  
Autoregressive Moving Average Model ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
The City ◽  
Poverty Levels

The high rate of inflation has the potential to increase poverty because it can reduce people's purchasing power, where if inflation rises significantly it can shift the people who are categorized as not poor, become vulnerable to poverty, almost poor and even poor. The aims of this study are to analyze the development of macroeconomic indicators, namely inflation and economic growth that are associated with poverty levels in the city of Bandung. The methodology used in this study is descriptive analysis and the ARMA (autoregressive moving average) model. The results showed that the high inflation in the city of Bandung compared to national and West Java inflation carries its own burden for the economy of the community, where purchasing power will decrease when inflation rises significantly and will have an impact on people's welfare. Inflation in the city of Bandung is often due to the price of food commodities (volatile food inflation). In addition, the high economic growth in the city of Bandung is not directly proportional to the decline in poverty levels. This shows that the quality of economic growth in the city of Bandung has problems that need attention. Therefore, local government in their efforts to encourage economic growth must prioritize poverty reduction and inequality.

Recent developments in regional transit for Greater Vancouver

1978 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Brian E. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Shopping Centres ◽  
The Future ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Trunk Routes ◽  
The City ◽  
Capital Intensive

The transit system serving Greater Vancouver has high ridership and a high rate of growth. Using as a base the well-designed, well-patronized trolleybus grid in the City of Vancouver, an inter-connected suburban bus network has been created, with radial, cross-radial, and local routes meeting on a timed connection basis at suburban shopping centres and other foci. Planners' thoughts for the future include greater emphasis on the micro and macro aspects of land use and relations to transit; the use of capital intensive modes for heavy trunk routes; and the use of various forms of para-transit for low-density and certain feeder applications.

Fall, Crush, Kick: Mechanisms and Outcomes in a Cohort of Equine-Related Injuries

2021 ◽  
pp. 000313482110488
Author(s):  
Pratik Bhade ◽  
Amelia Parsons ◽  
Abbey Smiley ◽  
Jacob Shreffler ◽  
Nick Nash ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rib Fractures ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Mechanism Of Injury ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Protective Devices ◽  
Animal Size

Introduction The potential for significant traumatic injury to individuals who interact with horses remains high due to animal size, forces applied, and unpredictability. Despite an estimated 30 million riders in the United States annually, few recent publications have addressed this patient population. Objectives This study describes characteristics of patients injured in interactions with horses, focusing on mechanism of injury and use of protective equipment. Methods We queried our institution’s trauma registry for all patients admitted for equine-related injuries (ERI) between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. We categorized by specific mechanism of injury (fall, crush, kick, fall + crush, and fall + kick) and presence or absence of protective devices. Results We discovered 143 patients admitted for injuries in equine-related accidents. Patients averaged 49.2 years old, and 62.2% were female. Crush injuries resulted in a high rate of rib fractures. Riders who were kicked had an increased chance of solid organ and facial injuries and falls most commonly led to rib fractures and extremity trauma. Despite lack of documentation on most subjects, protective devices were associated with less severe injuries in those with data (n = 36). Conclusions In this relatively large series of patients with ERI, we found mechanism differences within injury groups. Providers should more carefully document specific circumstances of ERIs. All individuals working with or around horses should exercise prudence and consider using protective equipment.

Pond walls: inclined planes to improve pathogen removal in pond systems for wastewater treatment?

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Hawley ◽  
H. J. Fallowfield
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pathogen Removal ◽  
Slope Length ◽  
Loading Rates ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Inclined Planes

Abstract Attenuation of sunlight in wastewater treatment ponds reduces the depth of the water exposed to disinfecting irradiances. Shallow pond depth with paddlewheel rotation increases exposure of pathogens to sunlight in high rate algal ponds. Generation of thin films, using pond walls as inclined planes, may increase inactivation of pathogens by increasing sunlight exposure. The performance of a laboratory based model system incorporating an inclined plane (IP) was evaluated. F-RNA bacteriophage, in tap water or wastewater, was exposed to sunlight only on the IP with the bulk water incubated in the dark. MS2 inactivation was significantly higher when the IP was present (P < 0.05) with a 63% increase observed. Prolonged exposure increased MS2 die-off irrespective of IP presence. Versatility of the IP was also demonstrated with faster inactivation observed in both optically clear tap water and wastewaters. IPs of different surface areas produced similar inactivation rates when operated at similar hydraulic loading rates regardless of slope length.

scholarly journals IgG serum antibody responses in suspected liver cystic echinococcosis patients

2007 ◽  
Vol 135 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivana Radonjic ◽  
Aleksandar Dzamic ◽  
Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic ◽  
Slobodanka Djukic ◽  
Sanja Mitrovic
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Echinococcosis ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Serum Antibody ◽  
Morphological Type ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Latex Agglutination ◽  
Laboratory Method ◽  
Indirect Haemagglutination ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Human Echinococcosis

Introduction: Cystic echinococcosis is a parasitic zoonosis caused by a tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus. Liver infection is the most common form of human echinococcosis. Diagnosis of liver echinococcosis could be made by different methods. It is very important to have good anamnesis and epidemiological evaluation, clinical status and clinical investigations such as X-ray examination, ultrasonography, nuclear magnetic resonance, computerized tomography, laboratory analysis and serology. Different serologic tests could be used for diagnosis of echinococcosis: complement fixation test, immunoelectrophoresis, indirect haemagglutination, latex agglutination, indirect fluorescence test and enzyme immunoassays sush as ELISA test. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate anti-E. granulosus antibodies by ELISA test as a complementary laboratory method in the diagnosis of human echinococcosis. Method. In this study, we investigated 212 patients of suspected liver cystic echinococcosis. ELISA test was used for detection of whole anti-E. granulosus IgG antibodies specific for AgB. Results. Out of 212 patients, in 26 (12.26%) patients echinococcosis was confirmed by ELISA test. In 7/26 patients who had data about the ultrasonographic morphological type of cyst according to Gharbi, high values of seropositivity were found. Borderline values were found in 15/212 (7.08%) patients. In three patients with borderline values, second sera samples were examined after 18-22 days. In one patient, the test showed the same value, in the second patient echinococcosis was confirmed while in the third, the test showed a negative value. In 171 (80.66%) patients, anti-Echinococcus antibodies were not found by ELISA test. Conclusion. It has already been known that serological investigation has some limitations, but detection of specific antibodies remains an indispensable mark in evaluation of suspected liver cystic echinococcosis patients. .

scholarly journals Small mammals of the Kaluga region – reservoirs of dangerous zoonotic diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. 291-294
Author(s):  
Nikanorova ◽  
Kozlov
Keyword(s):  
Small Mammals ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Myodes Glareolus ◽  
Field Mouse ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Kaluga Region ◽  
The City ◽  
Small Forest

The article considers the issues of carriage by small mammals of dangerous zoonotic diseases: leptospirosis, tularemia, hantaviruses. Data on the detection of antigens to pathogens in the districts of the Kaluga region are presented. As you know, small mammals are the main link in maintaining zoonotic natural focal diseases. The larval phases of ixodic ticks, mosquitoes and other parasitic arthropods prefer to feed on the blood of mouse rodents, which contributes to the spread of vector-borne infections and infestations. The following species of mouse rodents are found in the Kaluga Region: small forest mouse (Apodemus uralensis), gray vole, red vole (Myodes glareolus), field mouse (Apodemus agrarius), gray rat (Rattus norvegicus), and house mouse (Mus musculus). In natural biotopes, field species prevail in number: field mouse, gray vole, red vole. In the Kaluga region, antigens for tularemia, hantaviruses, and leptospirosis were found in small mammals in 4.9–9.4% of the studied animals on average per year. Of particular concern are the city of Kaluga, Borovsky, Babyninsky, Yukhnovsky, Ulyanovsk, Medynsky, Maloyaroslavetsky, Meshchovsky, Peremyshlsky, Kozelsky, Dzerzhinsky and Ulyanovsk districts. The data obtained indicate the stationarity of these diseases in the territory of the Kaluga region.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF RELIGIOUS EXTENDERS IN IMPROVING FAMILY RESILIENCE IN THE RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS OFFICE (KUA) PADANG CITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fadil Maiseptian ◽  
Erna Dewita ◽  
Jasman Jasman
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Family Resilience ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Data Display ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Important Note ◽  
The City

The high rate of divorce, especially in West Sumatra, is an important note for religious extension workers to increase their role and quality in providing counseling. Therefore, fast and progressive action is needed to overcome this. Another phenomenon revealed from the above data is that the divorce case is dominated by the wife's lawsuit. Therefore, it takes the role of religious counselors at the Office of Religious Affairs (KUA) to increase family resilience. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of religious instructors in increasing family resilience in the city of Padang from physical, social, and psychological aspects. Data collection techniques used interviews and were analyzed with the Miles and Huberman models following the stages of data reduction, data display, conclusion. The role of religious counselors in increasing family resilience has been carried out quite well, although not yet maximized because the raw materials are not yet available, the methods used are only advice and lectures and have not been evaluated continuously.

Method for Disposal of Landfills in Sparsely Populated Areas of Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
V.V. Semenov ◽  
V.I. Zhdanov ◽  
I.Yu. Veretennikov ◽  
A.Yu. Hil’
Keyword(s):  
Flue Gas ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Waste Incineration ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Incineration Plant ◽  
Solid Municipal Waste ◽  
The City

The development of a mobile waste incineration plant designed for the recovery of garbage dumps located near towns and villages, from where the removal of garbage to the city to the incineration plant is not profitable due to the large remoteness of small settlements from the city. The installation has two combustion zones: in the 1st zone, the combustion process of solid municipal waste (MSW) is achieved at temperatures up to 600 °C, and in the second zone – up to 1200 °C. Afterburning of flue gas to reduce the formation of dioxins, furans and soot is provided.

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