scholarly journals The Relation between Visceral and Subcutaneous Fat to Bone Mass among Egyptian Children and Adolescents

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-578
Author(s):  
Sahar A. El-Masry ◽  
Nayera E. Hassan ◽  
Rokia A. El-Banna ◽  
Mohamed S. El Hussieny
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Positive Correlations

BACKGROUND: The relation between fat distribution and bone mass is still being debated in children and adolescents.AIM: To verify the influence of both visceral and subcutaneous fat on bone mass among Egyptian children and adolescents.SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study involved 78 (38 boys and 40 girls) individuals from children (42) and adolescents (36), aged 8-17 years. They were divided into 2 age groups: children group (20 boys and 22 girls) aged 8-12 years and adolescent group (18 boys and 18 girls) aged 13-17 years. Anthropometric measurements, visceral and subcutaneous fat (measured by ultrasound), body composition, BMD and BMC (Measured by DXA), were attempted.RESULTS: Among children, significant positive correlations between visceral fat; in males; and subcutaneous fat; in females; with total BMC, BMD and its Z-score were revealed. After exclusion of age effect, the association between visceral fat in females with total BMD and its Z-score and lumbar BMD-Z-score became significant.  For adolescents, no correlation was observed between either visceral or subcutaneous fat with any parameter of bone mass.CONCLUSIONS: Visceral and subcutaneous fat had significant positive association with bone mass in children; males and females respectively. On the contrary such association disappeared during adolescence.

scholarly journals Age and sex variation in visceral adipose tissue

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Pallavi Panchu ◽  
Biju Bahuleyan ◽  
Rose Babu ◽  
Vineetha Vijayan
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Gender Pattern

Background: Adipose tissue mainly visceral fat is said to be harmful and acts as a harbinger of metabolic disorders. A changing trend is seen in the recent decades with decreasing incidence of metabolic disorders in men even though visceral fat is said to be higher in them. Sex hormones may influence the deposition pattern of adipose tissue. The aim of this study was to observe effects of age on visceral fat and to know if the difference in gender pattern of fat distribution is maintained throughout life or disappears after menopause.Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Thrissur on 385 apparently healthy subjects using Omron body composition analyser. Data was analysed using SPSS 20.0 version. The tests employed were NOVA, independent samples t-test.Results: In each age group, men had significantly higher visceral fat than females. As age increased, visceral fat increased significantly in both genders. In each group, except for younger age groups, VF levels were equal in men and women.Conclusions: Visceral fat is higher in men and this difference is seen in all age groups. As age increases, visceral fat levels also increased in men and women. The distribution of visceral fat is such that a greater number of men have high to very high levels at a younger age group, a feature observed in women only in the peri and post-menopausal age. Adoption of an active lifestyle coupled with healthy diet should protect against onset of metabolic disorders.

The increase in abdominal subcutaneous fat depot is an independent factor to determine the glycemic control after rosiglitazone treatment

2007 ◽  
Vol 157 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo-Kyung Kim ◽  
Kyu-Yeon Hur ◽  
Hae-Jin Kim ◽  
Wan-Sub Shim ◽  
Chul-Woo Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Rosiglitazone Treatment ◽  
Fat Depot

Objective: The goal was to investigate the interrelationships between the hypoglycemic effects of rosiglitazone and the changes in the regional adiposity of type 2 diabetic patients. Design and methods: We added rosiglitazone (4 mg/day) to 173 diabetic patients (111 males and 62 females) already taking a stable dose of conventional antidiabetic medications except for thiazolidinediones. The abdominal fat distribution was assessed by ultrasonography at baseline and 12 weeks later. Using ultrasonographic images, the s.c. and visceral fat thickness (SFT and VFT respectively) were measured. Results: Rosiglitazone treatment for 3 months improved the glycemic control. However, the response to rosiglitazone was no more than 36.4%; the deterioration of the glycemic control was found in 16.8% of subjects. In addition, rosiglitazone treatment significantly increased the body fat mass, especially the s.c. fat. However that did not alter the visceral fat content. The percentage changes in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentrations after treatment were inversely correlated with the increase in SFT (r=−0.327 and −0.353, P<0.001 respectively) and/or body weight (r=−0.316 and −0.327, P<0.001 respectively). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the improvement in the FPG after rosiglitazone treatment was correlated with the baseline FPG (P<0.001) and the change in the SFT (P=0.019), and the reduction in the HbA1c was related with the baseline FPG (P=0.003) and HbA1c (P<0.001) and the changes in the SFT (P=0.010) or VFT (P=0.013). Conclusions: The increase in the s.c. fat depot after rosiglitazone treatment may be an independent factor that determines the hypoglycemic efficacy.

scholarly journals Cardiac baroreflex hysteresis is one of the determinants of the heart period variability asymmetry

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. R539-R551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice De Maria ◽  
Vlasta Bari ◽  
Beatrice Cairo ◽  
Emanuele Vaini ◽  
Raphael Martins de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Heart Period ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Asymmetric Behavior ◽  
Sequence Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Spontaneous Fluctuations

In heart period (HP) variability (HPV) recordings the percentage of negative HP variations tends to be greater than that of positive ones and this pattern is referred to as HPV asymmetry (HPVA). HPVA has been studied in several experimental conditions in healthy and pathological populations, but its origin is unclear. The baroreflex (BR) exhibits an asymmetric behavior as well given that it reacts more importantly to positive than negative arterial pressure (AP) variations. We tested the hypothesis that the BR asymmetry (BRA) is a HPVA determinant over spontaneous fluctuations of HP and systolic AP (SAP). We studied 100 healthy subjects (age from 21 to 70 yr, 54 men) comprising 20 subjects in each age decade. Electrocardiogram and noninvasive AP were recorded for 15 min at rest in supine position (REST) and during active standing (STAND). The HPVA was evaluated via Porta’s index and Guzik’s index, while the BRA was assessed as the difference, and normalized difference, between BR sensitivities computed over positive and negative SAP variations via the sequence method applied to HP and SAP variability. HPVA significantly increased during STAND and decreased progressively with age. BRA was not significantly detected both at REST and during STAND. However, we found a significant positive association between BRA and HPVA markers during STAND persisting even within the age groups. This study supports the use of HPVA indexes as descriptors of BRA and identified a challenge soliciting the BR response like STAND to maximize the association between HPVA and BRA markers.

scholarly journals Relationships between Composition of Major Fatty Acids and Fat Distribution and Insulin Resistance in Japanese

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Fujii ◽  
Toshihide Kawai ◽  
Koichiro Azuma ◽  
Yuko Oguma ◽  
Fuminori Katsukawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Metabolic Parameters ◽  
Visceral Fat Area

Objective. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationships between the composition of free fatty acids (FFAs) and metabolic parameters, including body fat distribution, in Japanese.Methods. The study subjects were 111 Japanese patients (54 males, 57 females). Metabolic parameters and visceral and subcutaneous fat areas as determined by CT scanning at the umbilical level were measured. Glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed by administering 75 g glucose orally.Results. The percentage of linoleic acid (C18:2), the greatest constituent among FFAs, was negatively correlated with visceral fat area (r=−0.411,p<0.0001), fasting glucose (r=−0.330,p<0.0001), HbA1c (r=−0.231,p=0.0146), and systolic blood pressure (r=−0.224,p=0.0184). Linoleic acid percentage was also significantly negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=−0.416,p<0.0001) by simple correlation. Based on the findings of OGTT, the 111 subjects were classified into three groups: 33 with normal glucose tolerance, 71 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 7 diabetic subjects. The percentage of serum linoleic acid in diabetic subjects was significantly lower than that in normal subjects.Conclusion. We conclude that serum linoleic acid level is negatively correlated with the accumulation of visceral fat in relation to a reduction of insulin resistance in Japanese subjects.

Money and happiness: does age make a difference?

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1289-1306 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHANG-MING HSIEH
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Social Surveys ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTAlthough the factors that influence people's perception of happiness have long been a focus for scholars, research to date has not offered conclusive findings on the relationships between income, age and happiness. This study examined the relationship between money and happiness across age groups. Analysing data from United States General Social Surveys from 1972 to 2006, this study finds that even after controlling for all the major socio-demographic variables, income (whether household income or personal equivalised income) had a significant positive association with happiness for young and middle-age adults, but it was not the same case with older adults. After controlling for the major socio-demographic variables, there was no evidence of a significant relationship between income (whichever definition) and happiness for older adults. The results also showed that the effect of household income on happiness was significantly smaller for older adults than for young or middle-age adults in the model controlling for major socio-demographic variables. The relationship between household income and happiness no longer differed significantly across age groups after social comparison variables were included. The relationship between equivalised income and happiness did not vary significantly by age group after controlling for the major socio-demographic variables.

Bone Mass Density, Z-Score and Stiffness Index Correlations Based on Age Groups in Post Menopause Women

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 494
Author(s):  
Mara Carsote ◽  
V. Radoi ◽  
Gabi Voicu ◽  
Andreea Geleriu ◽  
Cristina Ene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mass ◽  
Mass Density ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Stiffness Index ◽  
Bone Mass Density ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Post Menopause

scholarly journals Computed tomography assessment of fat distribution in male and female patients with Cushing's syndrome

2003 ◽  
pp. 561-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
AG Rockall ◽  
SA Sohaib ◽  
D Evans ◽  
G Kaltsas ◽  
AM Isidori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Male Patients

OBJECTIVE: Our aims were to describe the abdominal fat distribution in male patients with Cushing's syndrome (CS) on computerised tomography (CT), to compare our findings with non-cushingoid patients, to validate previous reports of increased visceral fat in female patients with CS and to identify any correlations between fat distribution and biochemical findings. DESIGN: Retrospective and observational. PATIENTS: Appropriate CT scans were identified in 31 patients (seven male) with active CS. MEASUREMENTS: Total, visceral and subcutaneous fat areas were obtained. The percentage of visceral fat and the visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (V:S ratio) were calculated. Biochemical data were recorded. Control data of fat distribution were obtained from the literature. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in the V:S ratio in male patients with CS when compared with non-cushingoid controls (1.175+/-0.59 vs 0.77+/-0.39, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0817-0.728). There was a significant increase in the V:S ratio in female patients with CS (0.845+/-0.53 vs 0.38+/-0.19, 95% CI 0.269-0.661). There was no difference in the V:S ratio between male and female patients with CS (1.175+/-0.59 vs 0.845+/-0.53, 95% CI -0.144-0.804). No significant correlations between fat distribution and glucose levels, circulating cortisol, ACTH or lipids were found. CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrate an increase in visceral fat distribution in both male and female patients with CS, with the abolition of the normal male to female difference in visceral fat. Increased visceral fat may increase the risk of the metabolic syndrome in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Interleukin-4 gene polymorphism (C33T) and the risk of the asthma: a meta-analysis based on 24 publications

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danyal Imani ◽  
Mohammad Masoud Eslami ◽  
Gholamreza Anani-Sarab ◽  
Mansur Aliyu ◽  
Bahman Razi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Subgroup Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Reliable Estimate ◽  
Significant Positive Association ◽  
Asthma Risk ◽  
Allelic Model

Abstract Background Previous studies evaluated the association of IL-4 C33T polymorphism and risk of bronchial asthma but failed to establish a consistent conclusive association. In the present meta-analysis, we intend to define a more reliable estimate of the association in the presence of filling published literature. Methods An exhaustive search in Web of Science, Scopus, and PubMed databases was performed to identify all relevant publications before September 2020, and 24 publications (28 studies) with 6587 cases and 8408 controls were included in final analysis. The association between polymorphism and risk of asthma were measured by Odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Moreover, Cochran’s Q and the I2 statistics were used to evaluate the degree of heterogeneity between studies. Results In the overall study populations, a significant positive association was detected under all genotype models and announced the IL-4 C33T polymorphism as a potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of asthma. In the subgroup analysis by age, a significant association between IL-4 C33T polymorphism and risk of asthma in different age groups was identified in allelic model, which highlighted the predisposing role of the T allele for the asthma risk in all three age groups. Furthermore, the results of subgroup analysis by continent were heterogenous. Accordingly, IL-4 C33T polymorphism was a risk factor in Europeans (all models except heterozygote comparison), Americans (all models except recessive and homozygote comparison) and Asians (just recessive and allelic model). Finally, the ethnicity-specific analysis disclosed a significant association between IL-4 C33T polymorphism and asthma risk in Caucasians (all genotype models except heterozygote comparison), while this association was not significant in African-Americans. Conclusions This study suggests that IL-4 C33T polymorphism potentially acts as a risk factor for asthma in different ethnicities and age groups.

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