scholarly journals On the Epidemiology and Statistical Analysis of HIV/AIDS Patients in the Insurgency Affected States of Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 1315-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patience I. Adamu ◽  
Pelumi Emmanuel Oguntunde ◽  
Hilary I. Okagbue ◽  
Olasunmbo O. Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

BACKGROUND: The effect of insurgencies on a nation regarding the economy, education, health and infrastructure cannot be overemphasised.AIM: This research is therefore focused on analysing the incidence of HIV/AIDS disease in states affected by the activities of the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria.MATERIAL AND METHODS: The data collected refer to the period from 2004 to 2017, reporting information on 16,102 patients and including the age, gender, year of diagnosing and status of the patients. Descriptive, Chi-square test of independence and Correlation analyses were performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.RESULTS: It was discovered that the majority of those living with HIV/AIDS in these Boko Haram ravaged areas are females between the age group of 30 years to 39 years. Reported cases of HIV/AIDS started increasing significantly from age 20, and the highest number of reported cases of HIV/AIDS was recorded in the year 2017.CONCLUSION: The status of the patient was found to be dependent on both the gender and age of the patients’ treatment, though the strength of the linear relationship between status and age is not significantly different from zero.

Frequency of Crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1908-1909
Author(s):  
Zubair Hassan Awaisi ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Faisal BDS ◽  
Hafiza Asma Jawaid ◽  
Muhammad Haseeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Permanent Dentition ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test

Aim: To determine the frequency of crowding in patients reporting at Nishtar Institute of Dentistry, Multan. Methods: A total of 200 patients (126 females, 74 males) having malocclusion in permanent dentition were included in this cross-sectional study. Patients in the age group 7years and above were included in the study. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS version20.0. Cross tabulations were performed for gender and age groups and chi square test was used to determine association. Results: The frequency of crowding was found to be 29%. The percentage of crowding in males was 12% and females 17 %. While the frequency of crowding was 31% in males and 28% in females. It was found that there was a decrease in crowding with increasing age in both genders. Conclusion: Crowding was more frequent in females than males. Keywords: Malocclusion, Alignment, Orthodontics

scholarly journals Respons Orang Hidup Dengan HIV AIDS (OHIDHA) Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan HIV AIDS di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Grobogan

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Arrum Firda Ayu Maqfiroch ◽  
Zahroh Shaluhiyah
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
P Value ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Keywords Aids ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

ABSTRAKPenanggulangan HIV AIDS membutuhkan keterlibatan dari berbagai pihak. Salah satu pihak yang terlibat adalah OHIDHA. OHIDHA merupakan anggota keluarga yang hidup bersama ODHA dan memberikan dukungan kepada ODHA. Stigma di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Grobogan masih tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apakah yang menentukan respons OHIDHA dalam upaya penanggulangan HIV AIDS di Kabupaten Sukoharjo dan Grobogan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik pengambilan data kuantitatif melalui wawancara dengan kuesioner. Penelitian ini didukung dengan penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik pengambilan data FGD. Jumlah responden adalah 92 OHIDHA, proporsi 50% dan selang kepercayaan 95%. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat dengan distribusi frekuensi, bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dan multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berhubungan dengan respons OHIDHA adalah hubungan dengan ODHA (p-value=0,001), lama hidup dengan ODHA (p-value=0,030), lama mengetahui status ODHA (p-value=0,001) dan sikap (p-value=0,005). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa sikap (p-value=0,006) merupakan variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh paling signifikan dibanding variabel lainnya.Kata Kunci : OHIDHA, respons, Grobogan, Sukoharjo Respons of People Living With HIV AIDS to Control HIV and AIDS in Sukoharjo and Grobogan District; Controlling HIV and AIDS requird the involvement of various sector. One of the sector involved is People Living With HIV AIDS (PLWHA).  PLWHA is a family member who lives with people living with HIV and provide support to people living with HIV. Stigma in Sukoharjo and Grobogan still high. This study aims to determine the factors that determine whether the PLWHA response in control to HIV and AIDS in Sukoharjo Grobogan. This research was a quantitative study with cross sectional approach. Quantitative data collection techniques through interviews with questionnaires . This research was supported by qualitative research with FGD. The number of respondents was 92 PLWHA, the proportion of 50% and 95% confidence interval . Analysis of the data using univariate analysis with frequency distribution, bivariate using Chi-Square and multivariate using logistic regression. The results showed that the variables related to the PLWHA response is a relationship with people living with HIV ( p = 0,001 ) , long life with people living with HIV ( p = 0.030 ) , longer know the status of PLWHA ( 0.001 ) and attitude ( p = 0.005 ). Multivariate analysis showed that the attitude (p value = 0,006) was a variable that has the most significant effect compared to other variables .Keywords : AIDS , response , Grobogan , Sukoharjo

scholarly journals Gender- and age-related differences in misuse of face masks in COVID-19 prevention in central European cities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Eckl ◽  
Stefan Hansch
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Binomial Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Central European ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test

1ABSTRACTObjectiveCorrect use of face masks is required for their efficacy in preventing possible droplet infections with SARS-CoV-2. We tried to provide information about differences in the distribution of gender and age groups wearing face masks incorrectly.DesignPilot field studyMethodsVisual observation of mask use in public, not age- and gender-related places in central European large cities regarding incorrect mask-wearing (n=523); statistical analysis (nominal scale) in terms of gender and estimated age group using the total numbers, binomial test and chi-square test.ResultsThere is no significant difference (binomial test: p-value = 0.43) in mask misuse between the genders (female: 271 (51.8%), male: 252 (48.2%) and 0 non-binary individuals (0%)). There is a significant difference (chi-square test: p-value < 2.2e-16) in age group distribution (170 young 10-29 years (32.5%), 261 middle-aged 30-59 years (49.9%), 92 older adults ≥ 60 years (17.6%)). In total numbers, the highest counts were observed in middle-aged persons with 261 counts (49.9%).ConclusionOur study shows an uneven age-distribution of people wearing the face mask in public improperly.

scholarly journals Presentation of invasive cervical cancer in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
Shirin Akter Begum ◽  
Noor-E- Ferdous ◽  
Qamrun Nahar ◽  
Sayeda Fatema Khatun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Invasive Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Cervical cancer is a disease of significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. More than 85% of the disease occurs in developing countries. Bangladesh, like other developing countries faces a burden of the disease. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>ObJec­tive:</strong> To find out the different way of presentation of invasive cervical cancer patients. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Gynaecologic Oncology wing of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Bang­abandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) during 1st January 2007 to 30th April 2008. One hundred and four patients with invasive cervical cancer admitted in hospital were enrolled in the study by purposive sampling. All the infor­mation were collected in a pre-designed structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using statistical program SPSS version: 17.0. Frequency distributions were used to present the characteristics of the patients. Chi-square test was calcu­lated and the significant level was set at P&lt;0.05. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results:</strong> Maximum patients (60.6%) were in stage II. Majority of the patients (61.5%) presented with abnormal bleeding. Exophytic growth was found in the majority of the patients (71.2%). Squamous cell carcinoma was more (92.3%) in the majority of patients and adenocarcinoma was more in younger age group. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The status of the patients irJ this study reflects advanced stage of the disease at presentation and the peak incidence was observed in 36-45 years age group.</p>

scholarly journals Pulpectomy in Maxillary First Molars With Distal Caries

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 447-451
Author(s):  
Mohamad Qulam Zaki Bin Mohamad Rasidi ◽  
Bhagya lakhsmi T ◽  
Dinesh Prabu
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Life Quality ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Primary Molar ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Male Patients

Dental caries is having the most prevalence of the chronic disease in pediatric patients. It is considered as the most unmet health care for society with the lowest socioeconomic status. If dental caries is not treated with proper treatment, it may develop more complicated consequences in various aspects such as dental, medical, social, and life quality. The aim of this present study was to evaluate the pulpectomy procedure in maxillary first primary molars with distal caries in the Chennai population visiting the Outpatient Department of Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Chennai based on their gender and age. A total of 199 patients details aged between 4 and 11 years old obtained from patients records to assess pulpectomy treatment done with distal caries involved, with their gender and age. Data analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows (version 20). Chi-square test was used to determine the association of occurrence pulpectomy with distal caries involvement in a maxillary first primary molar, gender, and age. In this present study, the prevalence of male patients was 56.8% and for females was 43.2% with p>0.05 (statistically insignificant). Males patients more prevalent for pulpectomy due to distal caries. Patients in the age group between 4 and 5 years old have a higher prevalence (55.7%) with p>0.05. The most prominent teeth number affected by distal caries was left maxillary first primary molar-64, with 52.8% prevalence. Within this limit of this study, this study showed that the prevalence of pulpectomy in maxillary first primary molars due to distal caries was more in males than females, and higher incidence for age between 4 and 5 years old, with the most affected tooth was left side, 64.

scholarly journals Stigmatization and Discrimination toward People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Coastal City of South India

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 226-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nithin Kumar ◽  
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan ◽  
Rekha Thapar ◽  
Prasanna Mithra ◽  
Vaman Kulkarni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background: The HIV/AIDS scenario all over the world is complicated by the stigmatic and discriminative attitudes toward the HIV-infected individuals. Methodology: In this facility-based, cross-sectional study, 104 HIV-positive patients were assessed regarding their personal experience with HIV-related stigma and discrimination using a Revised HIV Stigma Scale. The association between stigma and factors such as socioeconomic status and gender was tested using chi-square test, and P < .05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A large proportion (41.3%) of the participants were in the age-group of 26 to 35 years. Confidentiality of the HIV positivity status was maintained only in 14.4% of the participants. Compared to females (48.2%), more than half (51.5%) of the male participants had experienced HIV/AIDS-related personalized stigma ( P > .05). Conclusion: HIV-related stigma and discrimination are the major social determinants driving the epidemic, despite the advances in medical treatment and increases in the awareness about the disease.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HIV among Tuberculosis Out Patient Attendees

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-24
Author(s):  
E Thiruvalluvan ◽  
R Shenbagavalli ◽  
M Mohana
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Hiv Screening ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Hiv Counseling ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background : An estimated 2.47 million (2.0-3.1 million) people were living with HIV/AIDS in India by the end of 2006. Among those HIV infected individuals, TB was the commonest opportunistic infection and leading cause of mortality. HIV infection makes a person susceptible to both pulmonary and extra pulmonary forms of TB. Various studies have documented the occurrence of TB from 46 to 65 percent. However, provision of HIV screening services for Tuberculosis out patient attendees is limited at present. Aims : To study feasibility of counseling for HIV screening and document the prevalence of HIV among TB out patient attendees. Methods : This prospective explorative study included persons who sought TB screening at TB unit, Madurai from Jan 2003- Feb 2004. An interview schedule was developed to obtain information on socio-demographic profi le, risk behavior profi le and test results. Information collected includes socio-demographic profile, risk behavior profi le and reaction to test results. Univariata and bivariate analyses were performed using Epi-info 6.04 (CDC, Atlanta, GA, July 1996). Chi-square test, student "t" test and one way ANOVA tests were performed to establish statistical signifi cance between dependent and independent variables Results : This study has found 57.66% chest symptomatic attending TB out patient ward were HIV positive. An analysis of risk profile versus positive results showed that 47(n=75) and 48(n=90) who admitted and denied high-risk behavior respectively, found to be positive to HIV screening test. Conclusion : The researchers suggest that HIV counseling and testing services can be offered to all chest symptomatic attending TB out patient ward. This structural change will make HIV screening more effective and benefi cial to patient community by ensuring early detection HIV infection. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v6i1.3060 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2009 VI (1) 16-24

scholarly journals How Did Awareness, Emotion, and Motivation Shape Behavior Toward COVID-19 in Tunisians?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slim Masmoudi
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Age Limits

This study was conducted to assess the psychological distress in the general population of Tunisia during the pandemic of COVID-19 and examines how awareness of the disease, emotional experience, and motivation shaped the behavior toward this outbreak. The study covers 1492 Tunisian participants. Gender effects and age limits were studied in relation with the seriousness of the disease and lockdown impacts. The data were analyzed and interpreted using the chi-square test, ANOVA, path analysis (PA), and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We found a significant effect of gender and age on the awareness of the pandemic dangerousness, the attitude, and the commitment to respect the preventive measures. Women are significantly more aware and committed than men to respect preventive health measures. The 35–45 age group showed more awareness and dedication than the other age groups, while the 20–35 age group showed the most less promise. PA and CFA results showed how awareness, emotion, and motivation shaped behavior toward COVID-19. This study provides practical and relevant information on behavior change during a pandemic crisis, which can orient communication campaigns and help policymakers.

scholarly journals Radiographic study of the prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontic tratment in the adult population of São Luís, MA, Brazil

2006 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Analúcia Guerra Terças ◽  
Ana Emília Figueiredo de Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Ferreira Lopes ◽  
Etevaldo Matos Maia Filho
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Apical Periodontitis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Radiographic Study ◽  
Endodontically Treated Teeth ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Complete Series ◽  
Age Range

This study investigated the prevalence of apical periodontitis (AP) and its association with endodontically treated teeth in residents of São Luís, MA, Brazil. Two-hundred complete series of periapical radiographs taken over a 10-year period (1993-2003) were retrieved from the files of four prosthesists and five periodontists. The Periapical Index (PAI) was used and the age range, sex, tooth groups, location and association with endodontic treatment (ET) were also analyzed. The Cohen Kappa and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Out of 200 patients, 135 presented at least one case of AP, which corresponds to a prevalence of 67.5%. Of the 5008 teeth examined, 296 had AP and 553 had ET. Therefore, considering the total number of teeth, AP and ET prevalences were 5.9% and 11%, respectively. Of the 553 endodontically treated teeth, 235 (42.5%) were associated with AP. Chi-square test showed a strong correlation between AP and ET (p<0.05). The 40-year-old age group was significantly the most prevalent (p<0.05). There was no association between AP and patient's sex (p>0.05). The maxillary incisors were the most affected group of teeth (p<0.05). AP had predilection for the maxilla and was strongly associated with endodontically treated teeth (p<0.05). The prevalence of apical periodontitis and endodontically treated teeth with AP was high and similar to the results of studies performed in other countries.

Skull and Face Injuries and Associated Factors in Pedestrian Victims of Traffic Accidents: A Single Trauma Center Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Josimara A. de Araújo Varela ◽  
Tatiana F.T. Palitot ◽  
Smyrna L.X. de Souza ◽  
Alidianne F.C. Cavalcanti ◽  
Alessandro L. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Medical Records ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Face ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The City

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the presence of lesions in the skull and face and the associated factors in pedestrian victims of traffic accidents. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study carried out through the analysis of medical records of pedestrian victims of traffic accidents in an emergency service in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil, during the year of 2016. Information was collected regarding gender, age group, day of the week, time of the accident, type of vehicle involved, presence of trauma to the skull and face, and outcomes. The Chi-square and Fisher's Exact tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. Results: A total of 1,884 medical records were evaluated, out of which 7.1% (n = 133) involved pedestrians. Men were the most frequent victims (68.4%), and victims of age 60 years old or over (30.5%) predominated. Almost one-third of the cases were recorded during the weekends (30.5%), and the most prevalent time was at night (52.7%). Regarding the type of vehicle involved, motorcycles predominated (47.4%). Head trauma was present in 37.6% of victims, while facial injuries corresponded to 8.2%. In 12% of cases, the victims died. The variables of gender, age group, occurrence on weekends, and trauma to the face showed a statistically significant association with the occurrence of traffic accidents (Chi-square test; p<0.05). Conclusion: Among pedestrian victims of traffic accidents, there is a predominance of men aged 65 years or over. Accidents are frequent at night, and motorcycles are the main vehicles involved. The presence of trauma to the skull and face regions is high.

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