Assessment of Children Exposed to Maras Powder Intoxication

Introduction: A smokeless tobacco known as Maras powder (MP) is commonly consumed in the southern region of Turkey. To the extent of our knowledge, no previous study in literature has reported acute MP intoxication in children. Aim: Our aim was to determine the clinical effects and treatment strategies of MP poisoning in children.Materials and methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of children <18 years of age with MP intoxication who were followed up in the Intensive Care Unit between January 2016 and April 2018 in our center. Results: Forty-one patients (M/F= 25/16) were included in this study. The mean age was 13.2±22.4 months (age range: 7 to 30 months). The patients presented with vomiting (n=23, 56%), cough (n=17, 41.5%), loss of consciousness (n=11, 26.8%), respiratory distress (n=6, 14.6%), convulsion (n=7, 17%), cyanosis (n=1, 2.4%), and abdominal pain (n=1, 2.4%) following oral ingestion of the substance. On their physical examination all patients with convulsion were in a comatose state. Thirty-two patients (78%) had tachycardia; 15 patients (36.5%) had pharyngeal hyperemia; and three (7.3%) had hiccups. Although the female patients had a lesser rate of symptoms than male patients, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our aim was to inform the doctors about the clinical picture that develops after taking this substance and contribute to the understanding of the treatment approach.

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Acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327108099679 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 185-190 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

M Islambulchilar ◽

Z Islambulchilar ◽

MH Kargar-Maher

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Suicide Attempts ◽

Community Education ◽

Exposure Period ◽

University Hospital ◽

Male Ratio ◽

Duration Of Hospitalization ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range

The aim of our study was to investigate the etiological and demographical characteristics of acute adult poisoning cases admitted to a university hospital in Tabriz, Iran. This retrospective study was performed on 1342 poisoning admissions to a university hospital from 2003 to 2005, by data collection from the medical records of patients. Poisonings were 5.40% of the total admissions. There was a predominance of female patients (55.7%) compared to male patients (44.3%) with a female-to-male ratio of 1.2:1. Most poisonings occurred in the age range of 11–20 years (38.9%). Drugs were the most common cause of poisonings (60.8%). Among the drug poisonings, benzodiazepines (40.31%) were the most frequent agents, followed by antidepressants (31.98%). The seasonal distribution in poisoning patients suggested a peak in spring (28%) and summer (27.5%). In 9.8% of cases accidental and in 90.2% intentional poisonings were evident. Most suicide attempts were made by women (58.51%) and unmarried people (51.4%).The mean duration of hospitalization was 3.02 ± 2.8 days. There were 28 (2.3%) deaths; the majority (13 cases) was due to pesticides. This was a university hospital-based study, so these results may not be representative of the general population. Despite this drawback, these data still provide important information on the characteristics of the poisoning in this part of Iran. To prevent such poisonings, the community education about the danger of central nervous system-acting drugs and reducing the exposure period of people to pesticides are recommended.

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The effect of amblyopia on clinical outcomes of children with astigmatism

Therapeutic Advances in Ophthalmology ◽

10.1177/25158414211040898 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 251584142110408

Author(s):

Burçin Çakır ◽

Nilgün Özkan Aksoy ◽

Sedat Özmen ◽

Özlem Bursalı

Keyword(s):

Visual Acuity ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Medical Records ◽

Convergence Insufficiency ◽

Corrected Visual Acuity ◽

Ocular Deviation ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Best Corrected Visual Acuity

Background: Amblyopia is more common in children with high astigmatism, but factors contributing to development of amblyopia and visual outcomes are not fully understood. Objective: To evaluate the effect of amblyopia on the clinical outcomes in children with ⩾1.75 diopter (D) astigmatism. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of children with ⩾1.75 D astigmatism with and without amblyopia (amblyopes group and non-amblyopes group). The mean age, gender, amount and type of ocular deviation, presence of convergence insufficiency (CI), stereopsis, time of initial spectacle use and follow-up time, differences in best-corrected visual acuity (VoD) and spherical equivalent (SE) between eyes were assessed and compared between the groups. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), mean SE, astigmatism measurements were assessed and compared between amblyopic, fellow, and non-amblyopic eyes. Results: The records included 68 eyes of 34 children with amblyopia and 56 eyes of 28 children without amblyopia. The mean age, gender, amount and type of ocular deviation, presence of CI, stereopsis, time of initial spectacle use, follow-up time, and the difference in SE did not differ between groups. In amblyopes, exodeviation was more common and statistically greater in near (33 cm) than at distance (6 m) (p = 0.005). The mean BCVA and astigmatism values were statistically different between amblyopic, fellow, and non-amblyopic eyes. Conclusion: A greater near than distance exodeviation and higher mean astigmatism value were found in amblyopic children with astigmatism.

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Observations on radiological correction of acetabular dysplasia by Dega transiliac osteotomy

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20171831 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (5) ◽

pp. 1991

Author(s):

Wazir Fahad Jan ◽

Sanjay Sarup ◽

Mohd Yahya Dar ◽

Alamgir Jahan ◽

Ovais Nazir Khan

Keyword(s):

Acetabular Dysplasia ◽

Mean Value ◽

P Value ◽

Preoperative Period ◽

Radiological Parameters ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

Paediatric Orthopaedic ◽

Age Range

Background: Several osteotomies have been described for the correction of acetabular dysplasia associated with variable outcomes. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of Dega transiliac osteotomy in radiological correction of acetabular dysplasia by assessing the change in various radiological parameters from preoperative period to postoperative period and at a follow up of two years.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted on 35 patients of either sex, in the age range of 18 months to 8 years, presenting to the paediatric orthopaedic OPD, of Artemis Health Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India between January 2012 and September 2014 in whom a diagnosis of acetabular dysplasia was made. All the patients underwent Dega transiliac osteotomy and the effectiveness of this osteotomy in the correction of acetabular dysplasia was assessed by measuring various radiological parameters preoperatively, postoperatively, and at a follow up of two years. The various radiological parameters included acetabular index (AI), centre edge angle of wiberg (CEAW), reimer’s extrusion index (REI) and the shenton’s line (SL).Results: In present study sample of 35 cases, 29 had DDH, 4 were secondary to cerebral palsy and 2 had developed dysplasia following septic arthritis of the hip. The sex distribution showed 19 females and 16 male patients. All the patients underwent Dega transiliac osteotomy at a mean age of 42.94±21.68 months. The mean value of AI improved from 42.43±4.77 degrees in preoperative period to 19.86±2.45 degrees at follow up. The mean value of CEAW improved from - 32.49±21.60 degrees in preoperative period to 32.06±5.48 degrees at follow up. The mean value of REI, improved from 91.06±21.43 % in preoperative period to 0.29±1.18 % at follow up. The SL was broken in all the 35 patients preoperatively, while at follow up it was continuous in all the patients. These changes in all the four parameters were statistically highly significant (p value<0.001).Conclusions: Thus results of present study demonstrate that Dega osteotomy is a safe, effective and versatile surgical procedure for the treatment of acetabular dysplasia secondary to DDH and other disorders. Since the majority of the patients included in this study had the diagnosis of DDH, the results of this study are more representative of dysplasia associated with DDH.

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Vitamin E Level In Friedreich’s Ataxic Phenotype Patients In Four Major Hospitals In Baghdad

AL-Kindy College Medical Journal ◽

10.47723/kcmj.v13i1.143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 132-136

Author(s):

Ahmed Hasan Ahmed

Keyword(s):

Vitamin E ◽

Teaching Hospital ◽

Friedreich Ataxia ◽

Control Group ◽

Female Patients ◽

Radical Trapping ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Difference ◽

Classic Form ◽

Age Range

Background: Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is the most common form of inherited ataxia, comprising one-half of all hereditary ataxias with a carrier rate between 1 in 60 to 1 in 90 and with a disease prevalence of 1 per 29,000. It can occur in two forms the classic form or in association with a vitamin E dependent ataxia. The precise role of Vitamin E in the nervous system is unknown; An Oxidative attack is suspected to play a role in Ataxia with Vitamin E deficiency, as well as in Friedreich ataxia. Vitamin E is the major free-radical-trapping antioxidant. Objective: Theobjectives of the study is to asses vitamin E level in patients with Friedreichs ataxia phenotype in Iraqi patients. Type of the study:Cross-sectional study. Method: This study was conducted at the neuroscience hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital during the period from the 1st of November 2013 through November 2014. Forty patients with friedreich's ataxia attended in neuroscience hospital and Baghdad teaching hospital during this period; there was12 male, 20 female patients and their age range between (4-50) years. Results: Regarding the level of vitamin E in patients in the present study, The study revealed that mean level of vitamin E for Friedreich ataxia patients was (10.92 μg/ml) ranging from (8-18 μg/ml),while in the control group the mean was (28.06μg/ml) ranging from (22-36μg/ml), the difference in mean level was found to be statistically significant (p=0.0001.) Thirty percents of (FRDA) patients was (8-9.9μg/ml), while half of patients (50%) were within (10-11.9 μg/ml),and low percentage (15 %)of patients were within (12-13.9 μg/ml ). The rest (5%) were had vitamin E level equal or more than 14 μg/ml. these finding revealed that majority of Friedreich ataxia patients were found with low level of vitamin E (32 patients(80%)), and low percentage with normal level (8 patients(20%.)) Patients with Friedreich ataxia were found to have a comparable level 10.47±1.79(8.4-13.5),11.48±2.61(9.4-18) and 10.66±1.26(9-12.5) for those with less than 10 years, 10-19 years , equal or more than 20 years of age respectively (p=0.382), while it was found to have a significantly decreasing level with advance in the age for the control group, 30.57±4.61(24.5-36), 27.46±3.16(23.7-33.5), 25.50±3.03 (22.9-29) for those less than 10 years, 10-19 years, 20 years or more respectively (p=0.006.) Vitamin E level in relation to Gender showed that Friedriech ataxia male patients had significantly higher vitamin E level compared to females [12.05±2.66 (9.0-18.0) compared to 10.17±1.07 (8.4-12.0)] (p=0.003), while relation to gender in the control group was not of significant value statistically [27.08±2.90 (22.9-30.0) for male compared to 29.04±4.97 (23.7-36) for females] , p=0.136. Conclusion: In the light of the results of the present study, the following conclusions were made: The level of vitamin E in friedreichs ataxic phenotype patients was subnormal than normal range representing 80% of the sample selected for the test. The level of vitamin E in male patients of freidriechs ataxic phenotype patients was higher than female patients.

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An Ex-Press implant versus trabeculectomy in a fibrotic bleb with late failure after previous trabeculectomy

International Journal of Ophthalmology ◽

10.18240/ijo.2021.03.08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (3) ◽

pp. 383-387

Author(s):

Faried Wagdy ◽

◽

Hisham Elsorogy ◽

Ahmed Alnagdy ◽

Dina Abd Elfattah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Complications ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Implant Surgery ◽

Late Failure ◽

Group I ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

One Year ◽

Age Range

AIM: To compare the outcome of an Ex-Press implant and subscleral trabeculectomy (SST) in the management of glaucoma after previous trabeculectomy on a fibrotic bleb. METHODS: This randomized prospective study included 28 eyes from 28 patients (age range: 42-55y) with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) presented with elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) with fibrotic bleb despite previous SST for more than 4mo. The eyes enrolled in the study were divided into two groups: group I (subjected to Ex-Press implant surgery) and group II [subjected to SST with mitomycin C (MMC)]. The follow-up continued one year after surgery to evaluate IOP, visual acuity (VA), visual field (VF), and postoperative complications. RESULTS: A significant decrease in IOP was found in both groups with a higher reduction in Ex-Press implant surgery with the mean IOP of 14.50 mm Hg (P=0.001), while the SST group recorded the mean IOP of 16.50 mm Hg (P=0.001) after one year. However, the difference between the two groups in terms of the decrease in IOP was insignificant. Fewer postoperative complications were recorded in the Ex-Press implant surgery and more cases requiring further anti-glaucomatous medications were seen in the SST group. Both groups showed stability in terms of VA and VF. CONCLUSION: Ex-Press implant surgery and SST with MMC are two surgical alternatives for controlling IOP in late failure that occurs more than 4mo after previous SST with a fibrotic bleb. However, Ex-Press shunt is a safer surgery with fewer complications.

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Comparative evaluation of the clinical effects of high Air-Through soft diaper and standard diaper in Indian babies with diaper rash

IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.18231/j.ijced.2021.066 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 353-359

Author(s):

Salvi Anjali N ◽

Rajiv Joshi ◽

Amit Bhawe ◽

Rinko Takagi ◽

Haruko Toyoshima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Effect ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Diaper Dermatitis ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Change In The Mean ◽

Group A ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference ◽

Group B

The incidence of diaper dermatitis (rash) in India is reported to be in the range of four to thirty-five per cent in children up to 2 years of age. To evaluate the clinical effect of using High Air-Through Soft Diaper and babies’ favourite diaper (Standard diaper) on Indian babies’ skin. This was a single-blinded, randomized, controlled, cross-over study. Eligible babies were randomized in two treatment groups. Babies in Group A used High Air-Through Soft Diaper for the first two weeks and then used standard diaper for the next 2 weeks. Babies in Group B used a standard diaper for the first two weeks and then used a High Air-Through Soft Diaper for the next 2 weeks. The study was completed with 105 babies. Theevaluation of the skin using the scoring system and photographs for representative purposes. At baseline, the mean total diaper rash scores were comparable in both Group A and Group B viz. 3.04 ± 1.00 and 3.30 ± 1.04 respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.195). After 2 weeks, the mean total diaper rash score increased significantly from the baseline in both Group A and Group B (5.05 ± 1.97; p = 0.001 and 6.16 ± 2.22, p = 0.001 respectively); the rise in the mean total diaper rash score was significantly more in Group B than that in Group A (p = 0.045). After 4 weeks, a significant increase in the mean total diaper rash score (1.31 ± 2.69; p =0.001) was observed from what it was at 2 weeks in the Group A and there was an insignificant decrease in the mean total diaper rash score (-0.52 ± 2.54; p =0.153) in Group B from what it was at 2 weeks; the change in the mean total diaper rash score was significantly more in Group A than that in Group B (P = 0.001). Both High Air-Through Soft Diaper and standard diaper in babies caused a significant increase in mean total diaper rash score. However, the extent and the degree of rash induced with the use of High Air-Through Soft Diaper was significantly less than that during the usage of the standard diaper. Thus, High Air-Through Soft Diaper due to technologies used in it appears to be superior to the standard diaper in reducing the mean total diaper rash score.

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SNAKE BITE

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2010.17.02.2376 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (02) ◽

pp. 263-268

Author(s):

KAMRAN ZAHEER BUTT ◽

FAHEEM ANWAR ◽

MOHAMMAD RIZWAN

Keyword(s):

First Aid ◽

Snake Bite ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Field Hospital ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

Life Threatening ◽

History Of ◽

Male Patients ◽

Age Range ◽

Study Setting

Introduction: 15 percent of the snakes are poisonous and present a potential life threatening risk to human lives. Objectives: (1) To review the demographic, epidemiological, clinical and laboratory findings of 48 patients of snake bite treated in a field hospital. (2) To evaluate the treatment and outcome of these patients. Design: A retrospective study. Setting: Field hospital in rural Sindh. Period: From January 2002 to December 2003. Material & Methods: All patients diagnosed with snake bite had first aid treatment by a either a nursing staff close to the place of bite or by a quack and later on transferred to field hospital. The first aid treatment consisted of pain relief (injectable diclofenac, oral acetaminophen), application of bandage or tourniquet proximal to the bite, antihistamine (oral or injectable chlorpheniramine) anti- inflammatory (injection hydrocortisone) and immobilization of the affected limb with a splint. Results: We are treated 48 patients with snake bite. There were 45(94%) male patients and 3(6%) female patients. Age range was 18 to 56 years with a mean age of 29.8 years. 35(73%) patients suffered from snake bite between the months of May and September. The timing of the bite was also peculiar with 36(75%) patients bitten between 8pm and 8am whereas only 12(25%) patients during other times of the day. 38(79%) patients gave history of seeing the snake themselves and 10(21%) patients were not able to see the snake mainly because of darkness. Conclusion It should be remembered that not all snakes are poisonous and that they are more afraid of humans than we are of them. Psychological effects of the bite are at times more devastating than the clinical effects, therefore patient reassurance forms part of the treatment.

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Profile of COVID-19 Patients in Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta Indonesia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7522 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (B) ◽

pp. 1621-1624

Author(s):

Cahyono Hadi ◽

Cipta Pramana

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Medical Records ◽

Descriptive Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Cytokine Analysis ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Average Patient ◽

The Mean ◽

Male Sex ◽

Age Range

BACKGROUND: The 2019 coronavirus disease has been declared by WHO as a pandemic that has spread throughout the world since March 2020. AIM: This study was conducted to determine the profile of COVID-19 patients at Dr. Moewardi hospital Surakarta. METHODS: This study is a retrospective descriptive study, with the population and study samples taken from medical records of patients with a diagnosis of COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: male sex with a total of 42 patients (47.72%) and female sex 46 patients (52.57%). The highest age group was in the age group 40-59 years with 46 patients (52.27%), with the most comorbid history being cardiovascular disease 31 patients (35.22%). The mean cytokine analysis of 88 patients includes examination of IL-1 that is equal to 73.95 and TNF-α with a mean of 67.19. The mean shows an increase above the normal value. CONCLUSION: There is no difference between the sexes of men and women. The highest age range is in the 40-59-year age group. The most common comorbid history is cardiovascular disease. And the average patient showed increased levels of IL-1 and TNF-α.

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Non-Respiratory Symptoms of Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 (Coronavirus Disease 2019): Lessons from Their Initial Presentation at the Hospital

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57040344 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (4) ◽

pp. 344

Author(s):

Angelo V. Vasiliadis ◽

Maria Tsatlidou ◽

Dimitrios Metaxiotis ◽

Charalampos Psomiadis ◽

Anastasios Beletsiotis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Records ◽

Respiratory Symptoms ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Study Data ◽

Initial Presentation ◽

Musculoskeletal Symptoms ◽

Laboratory Findings ◽

The Mean ◽

Age Range ◽

Anatomic Region

Background and objectives: As the COVID-19 pandemic spreads, it is becoming increasingly evident that this coronavirus is not limited to the respiratory system and that the musculoskeletal system can also be affected. The purpose of the present study was to describe non-respiratory symptoms of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases. Materials and Methods: All patients with SARS-CoV-2 admitted to our hospital, between 1 August and 30 September 2020, were included in this retrospective study. Data were extracted from medical records. Epidemiological, clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics at the initial presentation at the hospital were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 79 COVID-19 patients were enrolled. The mean age of the patients was 44.08 years (age range, 18–87 years) and 59.5% were male. The most common symptoms were fatigue in 60 (75.9%) patients, followed by fever (73.4%), myalgia (51.9%), cough (41.8%), anosmia (38%) and arthralgia (36.7%). The muscles of the upper back and the knee joint were the most painful anatomic region and joint, respectively. The laboratory findings on admission showed that D-dimer, CRP and procalcitonin levels were increased, without significant gender differences (p > 0.05). Chest imaging demonstrated pneumonia in 20 (25.3%) patients. Conclusions: Our results indicate that from the onset of the symptoms of COVID-19 patients, musculoskeletal symptoms, such as fatigue, myalgia and arthralgia, were present in three-quarters of all patients. These findings could help elaborate updated triage and admission protocols for suspect COVID-19 patients at the hospital and Emergency Department presentation.

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Shear wave elastography as a new, non-invasive diagnostic modality for the diagnosis of penile elasticity: a prospective multicenter study

Therapeutic Advances in Urology ◽

10.1177/17562872211007978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

pp. 175628722110079

Author(s):

Ester Illiano ◽

Francesco Trama ◽

Antonio Ruffo ◽

Giuseppe Romeo ◽

Filippo Riccardo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Shear Wave ◽

Shear Wave Elastography ◽

Diagnostic Modality ◽

Erectile Tissue ◽

Corpora Cavernosa ◽

Hardness Scale ◽

Cavernous Tissue ◽

Male Patients ◽

The Mean ◽

The Difference

Objective: Shear wave elastosonography (SWE) could be used to evaluate the elasticity of penile tissue. Few studies in the literature, however, have investigated its use in patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) or have attempted to correlate findings with International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) scores. The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of erectile tissue using SWE and to determine possible relationships with IIEF-5 and Erection Hardness Scale (EHS) scores. The secondary aim was to establish a cut-off SWE examination value over which cavernous tissue stiffness could contribute to a subsequent organic alteration. Methods: This prospective study included male patients 18−80 years of age who attended two general andrology clinics and underwent SWE. Subjects were divided into groups according to IIEF-5 score, and correlations between SWE and IIEF-5 and EHS questionnaire scores were explored. Results: A total of 270 subjects (mean age 46.7 ± 16.9 years) were included. ED was reflected by low IIEF-5 and EHS scores and a decrease in the mean elasticity of the corpora cavernosa according to SWE, although the difference between the left and right corpora cavernosa was not statistically significant. No statistically significant correlation was found between measurements of the corpora cavernosa (in kPa) and age. The optimal cut-off identified was 24.75 kPa. Conclusion: Results demonstrated that the mean elasticity of the corpora cavernosa according to SWE was correlated with IIEF-5 score and EHS score.

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