Measurements and Characterization of Photovoltaic Modules for Tolerance Verification

2013 ◽  
pp. 144-152
Author(s):  
C. Calò ◽  
A. Lay-Ekuakille ◽  
P. Vergallo ◽  
C. Chiffi ◽  
A. Trotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Matrix Methods ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Tolerance Verification ◽  
Material Tests

One of the most important aspects of photovoltaic modules is reliability for future uses, that is, a certain module will last certain number of years in use (generally 30 or 35 years). Reliability yields from excellent qualification tests on photovoltaic (PV) modules. Testing for reliability identifies unknown failure mechanisms and whether modules are susceptible to known failure mechanisms. This paper illustrates techniques of outdoor measurements and qualification characterization to know PV module conditions for commercial uses. Matrix methods are used for energy prediction. Failure material tests, using digital imaging and thermography, have also been conducted.

Measurements and Characterization of Photovoltaic Modules for Tolerance Verification

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Calò ◽  
A. Lay-Ekuakille ◽  
P. Vergallo ◽  
C. Chiffi ◽  
A. Trotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Digital Imaging ◽  
Failure Mechanisms ◽  
Matrix Methods ◽  
Energy Prediction ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Tolerance Verification ◽  
Material Tests

One of the most important aspects of photovoltaic modules is reliability for future uses, that is, a certain module will last certain number of years in use (generally 30 or 35 years). Reliability yields from excellent qualification tests on photovoltaic (PV) modules. Testing for reliability identifies unknown failure mechanisms and whether modules are susceptible to known failure mechanisms. This paper illustrates techniques of outdoor measurements and qualification characterization to know PV module conditions for commercial uses. Matrix methods are used for energy prediction. Failure material tests, using digital imaging and thermography, have also been conducted.

scholarly journals A Study of Optimal Specifications for Light Shelves with Photovoltaic Modules to Improve Indoor Comfort and Save Building Energy

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 2574
Author(s):  
Heangwoo Lee ◽  
Xiaolong Zhao ◽  
Janghoo Seo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Savings ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Building Energy Efficiency ◽  
Efficiency Change ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Indoor Comfort

Recent studies on light shelves found that building energy efficiency could be maximized by applying photovoltaic (PV) modules to light shelf reflectors. Although PV modules generate a substantial amount of heat and change the consumption of indoor heating and cooling energy, performance evaluations carried out thus far have not considered these factors. This study validated the effectiveness of PV module light shelves and determined optimal specifications while considering heating and cooling energy savings. A full-scale testbed was built to evaluate performance according to light shelf variables. The uniformity ratio was found to improve according to the light shelf angle value and decreased as the PV module installation area increased. It was determined that PV modules should be considered in the design of light shelves as their daylighting and concentration efficiency change according to their angles. PV modules installed on light shelves were also found to change the indoor cooling and heating environment; the degree of such change increased as the area of the PV module increased. Lastly, light shelf specifications for reducing building energy, including heating and cooling energy, were not found to apply to PV modules since PV modules on light shelf reflectors increase building energy consumption.

scholarly journals An Improved Generalized Method for Evaluation of Parameters, Modeling, and Simulation of Photovoltaic Modules

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandana Jha ◽  
Uday Shankar Triar
Keyword(s):  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Evaluation Of Parameters ◽  
Output Characteristics ◽  
Matlab Programming

This paper proposes an improved generalized method for evaluation of parameters, modeling, and simulation of photovoltaic modules. A new concept “Level of Improvement” has been proposed for evaluating unknown parameters of the nonlinear I-V equation of the single-diode model of PV module at any environmental condition, taking the manufacturer-specified data at Standard Test Conditions as inputs. The main contribution of the new concept is the improvement in the accuracy of values of evaluated parameters up to various levels and is based on mathematical equations of PV modules. The proposed evaluating method is implemented by MATLAB programming and, for demonstration, by using the values of parameters of the I-V equation obtained from programming results, a PV module model is build with MATLAB. The parameters evaluated by the proposed technique are validated with the datasheet values of six different commercially available PV modules (thin film, monocrystalline, and polycrystalline) at Standard Test Conditions and Nominal Operating Cell Temperature Conditions. The module output characteristics generated by the proposed method are validated with experimental data of FS-270 PV module. The effects of variation of ideality factor and resistances on output characteristics are also studied. The superiority of the proposed technique is proved.

scholarly journals Performance evaluation of polycrystalline photovoltaic modules in a Guinea Savanna and Mangrove swamp

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 011-021
Author(s):  
Nsed Ayip Akonjom ◽  
John Iyang Umuji ◽  
Ukoette Jeremiah Ekah
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Solar Flux ◽  
Mangrove Swamp ◽  
Cross River State ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Power Meter ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

This central idea of this research is to investigate how voltage, current, power output and efficiency of polycrystalline photovoltaic (PV) modules installed in a Guinea Savanna and Mangrove Swamp is affected by temperature, relative humidity and irradiance. The study locations are Calabar (mangrove swamp) and Ogoja (guinea savanna), in Cross River State, Nigeria. Two polycrystalline PV modules of exact specification mounted on a platform one-metre-high above the ground were used. A digital solar power meter (SM206) and a digital solar flux meter (MS 6616) was used to monitor and measure solar power and solar flux reaching the PV modules. A digital hygrometer and thermometer (KT-908) were used to monitor and measure the relative humidity and ambient temperature level at the height of installation and a digital multimeter (M880C+) accompanied with a temperature sensor was used to monitor voltage, current and panel temperature values from the modules. Analysis of the collected data reveals that the efficiency of the modules were not constant throughout the day. However, a higher voltage production and efficiency level was obtained for the PV module installed in Ogoja than that installed in Calabar under their respective levels of relative humidity, temperature and irradiance.

scholarly journals Electric Ferry Ecosystem for Sustainable Inter-Island Transport in Philippines: A Pilot Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3570-3575
Author(s):  
E. V. Palconit ◽  
M. L. S. Abundo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Propulsion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Management System ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
First Case ◽  
Pv Modules

An electric boat system as a pilot study for the electric ferry was designed and field-tested in Samal Island, Philippines, to verify sustainability for inter-island transport. This pilot study uses 4.5m monohull with a displacement weight of 343kg. During the experiment, two cases were compared: in the first case the boat was powered solely with batteries and in the other case with the aid of photovoltaic (PV) modules. For the first case, 24V electric propulsion was driven by two 12V, 100Ah batteries, which resulted to a navigational range of around 18, 16 and 15 trips with energy consumption of 111.64Wh, 117.19Wh and 123.92Wh respectively. In the second case, the photovoltaic modules were attached on the boat to supplement the PV used while on sail. Results in the second case showed that PV module supplemented energy was about to 13.4%, 26.8% and 38.7% using three different speeds like 3.18, 3.32 and 3.84knots and the navigational range extended to 4km, 1km, and 14.4km respectively. Therefore, the electric boat with the aid of PV module answers the problem in the energy management system that deals with the sustainability of the system in the inter-island transport in Philippines.

scholarly journals Outdoor Performance Test of Bifacial n-Type Silicon Photovoltaic Modules

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeonwook Park ◽  
Sungho Chang ◽  
Sanghwan Park ◽  
Woo Kyoung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Power Production ◽  
Energy Yield ◽  
Concrete Floor ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Solar Tracker ◽  
One Year

The outdoor performance of n-type bifacial Si photovoltaic (PV) modules and string systems was evaluated for two different albedo (ground reflection) conditions, i.e., 21% and 79%. Both monofacial and bifacial silicon PV modules were prepared using n-type bifacial Si passivated emitter rear totally diffused cells with multi-wire busbar incorporated with a white and transparent back-sheet, respectively. In the first set of tests, the power production of the bifacial PV string system was compared with the monofacial PV string system installed on a grey concrete floor with an albedo of ~21% for approximately one year (June 2016–May 2017). In the second test, the gain of the bifacial PV string system installed on the white membrane floor with an albedo of ~79% was evaluated for approximately ten months (November 2016–August 2017). During the second test, the power production by an equivalent monofacial module installed on a horizontal solar tracker was also monitored. The gain was estimated by comparing the energy yield of the bifacial PV module with that of the monofacial module. For the 1.5 kW PV string systems with a 30° tilt angle to the south and 21% ground albedo, the year-wide average bifacial gain was determined to be 10.5%. An increase of the ground albedo to 79% improved the bifacial gain to 33.3%. During the same period, the horizontal single-axis tracker yielded an energy gain of 15.8%.

scholarly journals Analysis and characterization of PV module defects by thermographic inspection

2019 ◽  
pp. 92-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gallardo-Saavedra ◽  
Luis Hernández-Callejo ◽  
Oscar Duque-Perez
Keyword(s):  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Module Size ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Temperature Standard

Being able to detect, to identify and to quantify the severity of defects that appear within photovoltaic modules is essential to constitute a reliable, efficient and safety system, avoiding energy losses, mismatches and safety issues.  The main objective of this paper is to perform an in-depth, onsite study of 17,142 monocrystalline modules to detect every single existing defect, classifying them in different groups, studying the variance of the same kind of defect in different modules and the patterns of each group of thermal defects. Results can be useful in a subsequent development of a software to automatically detect if a module has an anomaly and its classification. Focusing on the results obtained, all faults detected have been classified in five different thermographic defects modes: hotspot in a cell, bypass circuit overheated, hotspot in the junction box, hotspot in the connection of the busbar to the junction box and whole module overheated. An analysis of patterns of the different defects is included, studiyng location within the module, size and temperature statistical results, as average temperature, standard deviation, maximum temperature, median and first and third quartile.

scholarly journals Thermographic and electrical characterization of a photovoltaic panel under partial shading conditions: a case study

ACTA IMEKO ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Giovanni Bucci ◽  
Fabrizio Ciancetta ◽  
Edoardo Fiorucci ◽  
Antonio Delle Femine
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Testing Procedure ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Photovoltaic Panel ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Consequent Reduction

<p class="Abstract">Shading is one of the most critical factors that produces a reduction in power in photovoltaic (PV) modules. The main causes of shading are related to cloud cover; local specificity; natural characteristics; building and other civil works; and the presence of the PV system itself. A reduction in overall radiation produces a consequent reduction in electric power. Another more problematic effect is associated with the partial shading of the PV modules. The shaded cell behaves as a load, dissipating energy and increasing its temperature. This effect can involve irreversible changes to the PV module, with a decrease in performance that can even cause the destruction of the shaded cell.</p><p>The main aim of this work is the development of a testing procedure for the performance evaluation of commercial PV modules in the presence of partial shading on one cell. Tests were carried out using thermographic and electric measurements and by varying the shading levels according to IEC standards. Shading up to total darkening is achieved by means of a number of filters that reduce the direct solar irradiance.</p><p>As a case study, a complete characterisation of a 180 Wp polycrystalline PV module was performed according to the proposed testing procedure, showing that high temperatures can be measured on the shaded PV module surface even if only 50 % of the surface of one cell of the PV module is darkened.</p>

scholarly journals Determination PV Module Technical Condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 604-608
Author(s):  
M. Belik ◽  
◽  
O. Rubanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Technical Condition ◽  
Synchronous Generators ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Neuro Fuzzy ◽  
Resource Index ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Fuzzy Network

The paper focuses on the determination of technical conditions and degradation of photovoltaic modules installed in grid-on operated photovoltaic systems in Ukraine and the Czech Republic. Detected malfunctions of PV modules are classified and Fault Tree Analyses (FTA) is created for particular PV modules. For assessment of the technical condition of the PV modules it is proposed to use residual resource index (RRI), that is being successfully used for determination of technical condition of transformers, breakers and synchronous generators. The main contribution is the method for the detection of photovoltaic modules condition with the use of a neuro-fuzzy network based on the experience of operational (maintenance) staff of particular plants.

scholarly journals A Non-Invasive Procedure for Estimating the Exponential Model Parameters of Bypass Diodes in Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeisson Vélez-Sánchez ◽  
Juan Bastidas-Rodríguez ◽  
Carlos Ramos-Paja ◽  
Daniel González Montoya ◽  
Luz Trejos-Grisales
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Estimation Errors ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Current Voltage ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Two Parameters

Bypass diodes (BDs) present in photovoltaic (PV) modules are represented by the exponential model, which requires two parameters: the inverse-saturation current ( I s a t , d b ) and the ideality factor ( η d b ). However, it is difficult to estimate those parameters since the terminals of the BDs are not isolated, hence there is only access to the series connection of the module BDs. This problem must be addressed since inaccurate BDs parameters could produce errors in the reproduction of the current-voltage (I-V) curves of commercial PV modules, which lead to wrong predictions of the power production. This paper proposes a non-invasive procedure to estimate I s a t , d b and η d b of the bypass diodes present in a PV module using two experimental I-V curves. One I-V curve is measured completely covering the submodule of the module whose BD will be parameterized; while the other I-V curve is measured without any shadow on the module. From those curves, the I-V curve of the BD is estimated and I s a t , d b and η d b are calculated by solving a system of two nonlinear equations. The proposed procedure is validated through simulations and experimental results considering a commercial PV module formed by three submodules, where the estimation errors in the reproduction of the BD I-V curve are less than 1% in the simulations and less than 10% in the experiments.

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