Dynamical Network Structures in Multi-Layered Networks

2014 ◽  
pp. 152-175
Author(s):  
R. H. P. Janssen ◽  
H. Monsuur ◽  
A. J. van der Wal
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Dynamical Network ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Layered Networks ◽  
Military Units

In modeling military (inter)actions and cooperation as networks, military units or actors may be represented as nodes. In analyzing military networked action, a key observation is that a node is not just part of one type of network but simultaneously belongs to multiple networks. To model the dynamical behavior of actors, one has to take into account the interdependence of the different networks. In this chapter, the authors present a method that is used to implement, analyze, and evaluate some specific principles that may be used by the actors in an organization to drive the process of constant change. It can be used to analyze the effect of these principles on the metrics for coordination, synchronization, robustness, and desired operational effectiveness of the network as a whole. To demonstrate the approach, the authors apply it to networks in which two basic principles are operational: reciprocity and a novel principle called covering.

scholarly journals Measuring Dynamical Interdependence in Small-Group Collaborations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-112
Author(s):  
Peter Halpin
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Mathematics Assessment ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Online Chat ◽  
Dynamical Network ◽  
Group Members ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Member

This paper addresses dynamical interdependence among the actions of group members. I assume that the actions of each member can be represented as nodes of a dynamical network and then collect the nodes into disjoint subsets (components) representing the individual group members. Interdependence among group members’ actions can then be defined with reference to a K-partite network, in which the partitions correspond to the group member components. Independence among group members’ actions can be defined with reference to a network in which the group member components are disconnected from one another. The degree to which the interactions of actual groups correspond to either of these theoretical network structures can be characterized using modified versions of existing network statistics. Taking this approach, I propose a number of network-based measures of dynamical interdependence, discuss the interpretation of the proposed measures, and consider how to assess their reliability and validity. These ideas are illustrated using an example in which dyads collaborated via online chat to complete a grade 12 level mathematics assessment.

Norovirus gastroenteritis outbreaks in military units: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
pp. jramc-2019-001341
Author(s):  
Luis Queiros-Reis ◽  
A Lopes-João ◽  
J R Mesquita ◽  
C Penha-Gonçalves ◽  
M S J Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Norovirus Gastroenteritis ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Military Units

IntroductionNorovirus gastroenteritis is one of the most frequent causes of personnel unavailability in military units, being associated with significant morbidity and degradation of their operational effectiveness. The disease is usually mild but can be severe and life-threatening in young and healthy soldiers, who are prone to dehydration due to intensive daily activity. Despite its impact, the full extent of the norovirus gastroenteritis burden in military forces remains unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact and ascertain clinical and epidemiological features of norovirus outbreaks that have occurred in the military forces.MethodsThe systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines and used three databases: PubMed, Scopus, and LILACs. Papers published up to 1 September 2019 were included without restrictions if they reported one or more outbreaks in the military forces on active duty, either on national territories or deployed overseas.ResultsA total of 343 papers were retrieved from the literature search. After inclusion/exclusion criteria a total of 39 eligible papers were considered. From 1988 (first reported outbreak in the military) to 2018 more than 101 norovirus outbreaks have been reported in the military, accounting for at least 24 332 cases. Secondary transmission was emphasised as the main route of norovirus transmission in the military forces, with eating outside the military setting an important route for the primary cases.ConclusionsThe present review highlights that norovirus gastroenteritis has been a burden to military troops both in combat and on peacekeeping operations. Norovirus disease has been shown to exact a substantial toll on mission readiness and operational effectiveness. It is noteworthy that the impact of norovirus outbreaks among military units is underestimated because the literature review retrieved information from the armed forces from only nine countries.

Principles of JTIDS Relative Navigation

1996 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. O. Ranger
Keyword(s):  
Time Synchronization ◽  
Relative Navigation ◽  
Data Link ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
Navigation Function ◽  
Message Exchange ◽  
Tactical Data Link ◽  
Definition Of

This paper describes one of the key features of the JTIDS/Link 16 tactical data-link, namely its relative navigation facility. A brief overview of the general features of the JTIDS system is given to provide the necessary background to the navigation aspects, and some mention is made of the message-exchange facilities. The main part of the paper describes how the JTIDS system provides the capability to perform accurate navigation, and discusses the basic principles of its operation. Some applications of the navigation function which enhance operational effectiveness are then described. The following topics are covered:(ii) JTIDS Architecture(i) Definition of JTIDS/Link 16(iii) Principles of Relative Navigation(iv) Source Selection(v) The Kalman Filter(vi) Time Synchronization(vii) The Use of Relative Navigation(viii) The Relative Grid

scholarly journals Structure Identification of Fractional-Order Dynamical Network with Different Orders

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 2096
Author(s):  
Mingcong Zhou ◽  
Zhaoyan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Dynamical Behavior ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Switching Topology ◽  
Structure Identification ◽  
Topology Structure ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Dynamical Network ◽  
Fractional Orders

Topology structure and system parameters have a great influence on the dynamical behavior of dynamical networks. However, they are sometimes unknown or uncertain in advance. How to effectively identify them has been investigated in various network models, from integer-order networks to fractional-order networks with the same order. In the real world, many systems consist of subsystems with different fractional orders. Therefore, the structure identification of a dynamical network with different fractional orders is investigated in this paper. Through designing proper adaptive controllers and parameter updating laws, two network estimators are well constructed. One is for identifying only the unknown topology structure. The other is for identifying both the unknown topology structure and system parameters. Based on the Lyapunov function method and the stability theory of fractional-order dynamical systems, the theoretical results are analytically proved. The effectiveness is verified by three numerical examples as well. In addition, the designed estimators have a good performance in monitoring switching topology. From the practical viewpoint, the designed estimators can be used to monitor the change of current and voltage in the fractional-order circuit systems.

Contemplating the true nature of the notion of “responsibility” in responsible command

2014 ◽  
Vol 96 (895-896) ◽  
pp. 901-917
Author(s):  
Geoffrey S. Corn
Keyword(s):  
International Humanitarian Law ◽  
Humanitarian Law ◽  
Military Effectiveness ◽  
Operational Effectiveness ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
True Nature ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Moral Framework ◽  
Military Units

AbstractOperating under responsible command is an essential requirement to qualify as a lawful combatant, and is also central to the doctrine of command responsibility. This reveals the inextricable link between the role of the commander and the effective implementation of the international humanitarian law (IHL). Understanding this linkage is vital to ensuring that commanders and other military leaders fulfil their obligation to prepare subordinates to navigate the chaos of mortal combat within the legal and by implication moral framework that IHL provides. Few commanders would question the proposition that responsible commanders prepare their military units to effectively perform their combat missions. However, operational effectiveness is only one aspect of developing a “responsible” command. Because this term is grounded in the expectation of IHL compliance, a truly responsible command exists only when the unit is prepared to execute its operational mission in a manner that fully complies with IHL obligations. This broader conception of a disciplined and effective military unit reflects the true nature of the concept of responsible command, as only military units built on this conception of discipline advance the complementary objectives of military effectiveness and humanitarian respect. Accordingly, the requirement that lawful combatants operate under responsible command is an admonition to all military leaders that truly effective military units are those capable of executing their missions with maximum operational effect within the framework of humanitarian constraint that defines the limits of justifiable violence during armed conflict.

New Tensions in Army-Party Relations in China (1965–1966)

1966 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 58-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton H. Halperin ◽  
John Wilson Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Technical Training ◽  
Military Force ◽  
Military Leaders ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The One ◽  
Economic Construction ◽  
Military Units ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Guide Lines

In 1958, the Chinese Communist leadership agreed on a revised set of basic principles governing the relationship between the Party and the Army, These principles, which involved a move away from the professionalisation of the Army, became summarised in the slogans “politics in command” and “the Party commands the gun. The changes reflected a decision to continue to rely on a revolutionary strategy based on people's war despite the decision to devote substantial resources to nuclear weapons. After a bitter dispute between the Party and the Army, Mao decided to reject Khrushchev's proposals for a unified nuclear command and to rely on an expanded military force to deter an American attack. Moreover, the Party emphasised the need to put military units to work in the economy. It thus turned the Army away from increased professionalism and technical training towards organising the militia and participating in economic construction work. Like other salient features of the Maoist view revealed at that time the 1958 guide lines for Party-Army relations assumed that a satisfactory balance could be achieved between professional modernisation and the role of the expert, on the one hand, and political mobilisation or “revolutionisation” (ideological “redness”), on the other. It was the Army's resistance to these moves that led to the purge of major military leaders, including P'eng Teh-huai in 1959.

Problem behavior in autism spectrum disorders: A paradigmatic self-organized perspective of network structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucio Tonello ◽  
Luca Giacobbi ◽  
Alberto Pettenon ◽  
Alessandro Scuotto ◽  
Massimo Cocchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
The Self ◽  
Network Structures ◽  
Self Organized ◽  
Critical Equilibrium ◽  
Self Organized Criticality ◽  
Acute Agitation ◽  
Spectrum Disorders

AbstractAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) subjects can present temporary behaviors of acute agitation and aggressiveness, named problem behaviors. They have been shown to be consistent with the self-organized criticality (SOC), a model wherein occasionally occurring “catastrophic events” are necessary in order to maintain a self-organized “critical equilibrium.” The SOC can represent the psychopathology network structures and additionally suggests that they can be considered as self-organized systems.

Current Issues: Evidence-Based Practice for the Real World: Thoughts on Clinical Education in Communication Disorders

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne K. Bothe
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Education ◽  
Real World ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The Real ◽  
Language Pathology

This article presents some streamlined and intentionally oversimplified ideas about educating future communication disorders professionals to use some of the most basic principles of evidence-based practice. Working from a popular five-step approach, modifications are suggested that may make the ideas more accessible, and therefore more useful, for university faculty, other supervisors, and future professionals in speech-language pathology, audiology, and related fields.

The Multilevel p2 Model

Methodology ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonne J. H. Zijlstra ◽  
Marijtje A. J. van Duijn ◽  
Tom A. B. Snijders
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Network Data ◽  
Mcmc Algorithm ◽  
Independent Observation ◽  
Single Observation ◽  
Multiple Networks ◽  
Social Network Data ◽  
Multiple Observations ◽  
Practical Support ◽  
The Social

The p 2 model is a random effects model with covariates for the analysis of binary directed social network data coming from a single observation of a social network. Here, a multilevel variant of the p 2 model is proposed for the case of multiple observations of social networks, for example, in a sample of schools. The multilevel p 2 model defines an identical p 2 model for each independent observation of the social network, where parameters are allowed to vary across the multiple networks. The multilevel p 2 model is estimated with a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm that was implemented in free software for the statistical analysis of complete social network data, called StOCNET. The new model is illustrated with a study on the received practical support by Dutch high school pupils of different ethnic backgrounds.

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