Racial Disproportionalities in Discipline

2016 ◽  
pp. 149-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Student Safety ◽  
History Of

Student safety represents an important goal for schools; however, policies designed to facilitate school safety may have unintended negative consequences. Zero tolerance policies, those that mandate severe punitive measures, have been widely implemented by school leaders over the last several decades; however, recent research suggests that such policies may contribute to racial disparities in the use of discipline. This chapter reviews the history of zero tolerance policies in schools and, through descriptive analysis of data from the Civil Rights Data Collection of 2011-2012, documents racial disparities in the use of expulsions. Findings suggest that while zero tolerance policies may contribute to such disparities, the racial disparities are more pronounced for non-zero tolerance expulsions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

Racial Disproportionalities in Discipline

2017 ◽  
pp. 1251-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
School Safety ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Student Safety ◽  
History Of

Student safety represents an important goal for schools; however, policies designed to facilitate school safety may have unintended negative consequences. Zero tolerance policies, those that mandate severe punitive measures, have been widely implemented by school leaders over the last several decades; however, recent research suggests that such policies may contribute to racial disparities in the use of discipline. This chapter reviews the history of zero tolerance policies in schools and, through descriptive analysis of data from the Civil Rights Data Collection of 2011-2012, documents racial disparities in the use of expulsions. Findings suggest that while zero tolerance policies may contribute to such disparities, the racial disparities are more pronounced for non-zero tolerance expulsions. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals IMPLICATIONS OF ADOS GETIH RITUAL CULTURAL VALUES AS ONE OF THE PROCESSES OF USING CIRCUMCISION CULTURE IN GLAGAH VILLAGE, GLAGAH DISTRICT, BANYUWANGI REGENCY

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-71
Author(s):  
Evi Supriyati
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
History Of

Circumcision is cutting the skin that covers the head of the penis (typical). Circumcision is prescribed because it avoids unclean limbs during prayer. Ados Getih ritual is a ritual that is performed before the child will be circumcised. This ritual is a ritual in the village of Glagah, Glagah District, Banyuwangi Regency. Ados getih ritual still exists and is preserved by the local community. This study aims to determine the history of the Ados Getih ritual as one of the processions of circumcision using culture, the procession of the implementation of the Ados Getih ritual, and the implications of the cultural values ​​contained in the Ados Getih ritual. This research was conducted using descriptive qualitative method, the research subjects were the circumcision shaman, village head, circumcised children and community leaders. The sampling technique used snowball sampling technique. Data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation, while data analysis techniques using descriptive analysis techniques Miles and Huberman, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and drawing conclusions. The results of his research can be concluded as follows the ados getih ritual has existed since the beginning of the Glagah Village standing in 1869 which adopted from the story of the prophet Ibrahim as. In the Ados Getih ritual process there are three stages: the preparation stage, the core event stage and the closing stage. As well as the implications arising from the ados getih ritual, which is to foster a sense of responsibility towards the circumcised child and educate children in terms of their faith and monotheism..

scholarly journals Legislating education policy and equity at the ballot box: A descriptive analysis of the prevalence and content of education ballot initiatives over time

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Amy N. Farley
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Education Policy ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
State Level ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Ballot Initiatives ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Over Time

Political scientists have long studied the use of direct democratic ballot initiatives—proposed directly by citizens and put before a statewide vote—as currently allowed in 24 U.S. states. Despite the application of ballot initiatives to legislate education policy, however, education scholars have not yet adequately investigated this phenomenon within American public education. In a comprehensive analysis of state-level direct democracy in education, this article examines the content and prevalence of education ballot initiatives used to shaped U.S. education policy over time. Analyses suggest voters have considered 282 ballot initiatives regarding a variety of education issues, including those related to both K-12 and higher education and addressing policy issues related to finance, governance, and civil rights and equal opportunity. Further, the prevalence of education initiatives has increased and their content has evolved over time, particularly with the advent of, and increase in, initiatives seeking to limit the rights and opportunities of traditionally underrepresented students. These findings contribute to scholarship regarding state-level education policymaking in general, and call on researchers to consider further the benefits and potentially negative consequences of direct democracy as an education policymaking tool, particularly for minoritized students.

School Discipline, Zero Tolerance Policies, and American K-12 Education

2019 ◽  
pp. 351-370
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Mallett
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
School Safety ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
Zero Tolerance ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Resource Officers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Focus ◽  
K 12

This chapter reviews some of the history of establishing public schools through compulsory attendance laws for children, as well as the use of school discipline over time. The primary focus is on more recent times whereby the public schools across the country followed the juvenile justice system's “tough on crime” pathway since the 1990s. The increased use of zero tolerance policies and police (safety resource officers) in the schools has exponentially increased school-based arrests and referrals to the juvenile courts. These policies have not increased school safety and in many cases have inadvertently made schools less safe. These changes have also disproportionately ensnared a smaller group of at-risk and already disadvantaged students, including certain minorities, those with special education disabilities, and those who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender (LGBT).

African Americans: Overview

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Davis ◽  
John M. Wallace ◽  
Trina R. Williams Shanks
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Justice ◽  
Structural Racism ◽  
Chattel Slavery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strict Enforcement ◽  
Key Indicators

African Americans have been a part of the nation's history for nearly four hundred years. Although their history includes the forced imposition of chattel slavery, the strict enforcement of legal segregation, and a tenuous acceptance as equal citizens, African Americans have been, and continue to be, major contributors, creators, investors, and builders of America. In this article we summarize briefly the history of African Americans, we examine racial disparities in key indicators of social, mental, and physical well-being, and we highlight persistent strengths that can be built upon and areas that provide hope for the future. The challenge for social work is to simultaneously celebrate the historical successes and ongoing contributions of African Americans to this country while also recognizing the vestiges of structural racism and fighting for greater civil rights and social and economic justice.

scholarly journals NILAI MORAL DALAM CERITA RAKYAT PESISIRAN SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF BAHAN AJAR

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 221-228
Author(s):  
Zuliyanti Zuliyanti ◽  
Nurul Fitrotul
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Coastal Communities ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Alternative Teaching ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Literary Learning

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan analisis nilai-nilai moral dalam cerita rakyat pesisiran sebagai alternatif  bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran Sejarah Sastra Lama. Metode penelitian ini digunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Objek penelitian ini adalah cerita rakyat pesisiran. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah masyarakat pesisiran yang memahami cerita rakyat pesisiran. Teknik pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah studi pustaka, teknik observasi, teknik wawancara, dan teknik simak catat. Sedangkan instrumen penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi, lembar wawancara, dan kartu data. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan tahap-tahap: (1) pengumpulan data, (2) reduksi data, (3) penyajian (display) data, dan (4) penyimpulan atau verifikasi data dan hasil. Hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa cerita rakyat dari pesisiran terkandung nilai sosial dan agama yang dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dan dijadikan teladan dalam menjaga kerukunan dan ketentraman. Nilai-nilai sosial dan agama tersebut sangat cocok untuk diintegrasikan dalam pembelajaran sastra terutama dalam pembelajaran Sejarah Sastra Lama.   The purpose of this study is to describe the analysis of moral values ​​in coastal folklore as an alternative teaching material in learning the History of Old Literature. This research method used qualitative descriptive analysis method. The object of this research is coastal folklore. The source of this research data is coastal communities that understand coastal folklore. The data collection techniques of this study are literature studies, observation techniques, interview techniques, and note taking techniques. While the research instruments are observation sheets, interview sheets, and data cards. Data analysis techniques are carried out with stages: (1) data collection, (2) data reduction, (3) data presentation (display), and (4) inference or verification of data and results. The results of the study show that folklore from coastal areas contains social and religious values ​​that can be applied in daily life and are exemplary in maintaining harmony and tranquility. These social and religious values ​​are very suitable to be integrated in literary learning, especially in learning the History of Old Literature.

Improving Police Use of Force: A Policy Essay on National Data Collection

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon M. Shane
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Data ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Police Use Of Force ◽  
Rational Thought ◽  
History Of

Documenting police use of force has been an issue in the United States since at least 1931. As of July 2016, there is still no standardized national data collection effort, despite a call from several presidential and civil rights commissions to do so. Without accurate and timely national data, a moral panic of sorts unfolds that replaces rational thought and debate necessary to enact public policy. Moreover, without such data, it is virtually impossible to estimate the incidence and prevalence of police use of force, which leaves U.S. law enforcement agencies at a tremendous disadvantage for improving practices. This essay briefly examines the history of calls to improve police practices through collecting national use of force data and then offers a practical solution based on rational-technical theory of organizations with a brief analysis of a new promising, but limited, data set. The essay concludes with a proposed research agenda should national data become available through pending legislation H.R. 306, National Statistics on Deadly Force Transparency Act of 2015.

scholarly journals Kemajuan Ekonomi dan Politik Kerajaan Melayu Patani Pada Masa Pemerintahan Raja Ungu (Tahun 1624-1635)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-126
Author(s):  
Dida Nuraida
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
History Writing ◽  
Source Criticism ◽  
Strategic Location ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Nature

Abstrak Patani memiliki sebuah kerajaan yang berjaya yaitu Kerajaan Melayu Patani, terbentuk di abad ke 16. Sebelumnya kerajaan ini bernama Langkasuka, Kerajaan Langkasuka berada di pedalaman, yang membuat perdagangan dan perniagaan merosot. Dengan hal itu maka Phya Tuk Naqpa atau Sultan Ismail Syah memindahkan ibukota Kerajaan Langkasuka ke pesisir. Ia adalah Raja yang pertama kali memeuluk Islam dan orang yang membuka negeri Patani. Kerajaan Patani bertambah maju perniagaannya dikarenakan memiliki letak yang strategis dan memiliki alam yang sangat mendukung, pelabuhannya membuat kapal-kapal yang datang terlindungi dari ombak dan angin. Kerajaan Patani mencapai puncak kegemilangannya saat dipimpin oleh raja-raja perempuan, salah satunya adalah Raja Ungu (1624-1635). Ia adalah permaisuri dari Sultan Pahang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bagaimana sejarah kerajaan Patani dan perkembangan Islam di Patani, menguraikan apa saja kemajuan ekonomi dan politik yang dicapai Kerajaan Melayu Patani saat di pimpin oleh Raja Ungu,  dapat mengetahui apa saja hal yang menyebabkan kerajaan Patani mengalami kemunduran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode historis yang bersifat deskriftif analitis. Tahapan yang di tempuh dalam penelitian ini terdapat 4 tahapan, diantaranya: Heuristik (Pengumpulan data), Verifikasi (Kritik Sumber), Interpretasi (Analisis sejarah) dan Historiografi (Penulisan Sejarah).---Abstract Farmers have a successful government, namely the Malay Kingdom, formed in the 16th century named Langkasuka Earlier this kingdom, the kingdom of Langkasuka is located in the interior, who make trade and business declined. With it then Phya Tuk Naqpa or Sultan Ismail Shah moved the capital of the Kingdom of Langkasuka to coast. It is the King who first memeuluk Islam and people who open Patani. Patani kingdom prospered because its business has a strategic location and natural features that strongly supports, harbors make ships coming protected from waves and wind. Patani kingdom reached the peak of its glory when, led by the kings daughters, one of whom was King Purple (1624-1635). It is the consort of the Sultan of Pahang. This study aims to clarify how the history of the kingdom of Patani and the development of Islam in Patani, outlines whatever economic and political progress achieved Malay Kingdom currently led by Raja Ungu, can know what things cause Patani government suffered a setback. This study uses descriptive analysis of historical nature. The step which is taken in this study there are 4 stages, including: Heuristics (data collection), Verification (Source Criticism), interpretation (of history) and historiography (history writing).

A Numerically Coded File of Operative Procedures Derived from a Free Text Data Collection System : A Measure of the Accuracy

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen A. Scudiero ◽  
Ruth L. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Free Text ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Text Data ◽  
Data Collection System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Correlation System

A free text data collection system has been developed at the University of Illinois utilizing single word, syntax free dictionary lookup to process data for retrieval. The source document for the system is the Surgical Pathology Request and Report form. To date 12,653 documents have been entered into the system.The free text data was used to create an IRS (Information Retrieval System) database. A program to interrogate this database has been developed to numerically coded operative procedures. A total of 16,519 procedures records were generated. One and nine tenths percent of the procedures could not be fitted into any procedures category; 6.1% could not be specifically coded, while 92% were coded into specific categories. A system of PL/1 programs has been developed to facilitate manual editing of these records, which can be performed in a reasonable length of time (1 week). This manual check reveals that these 92% were coded with precision = 0.931 and recall = 0.924. Correction of the readily correctable errors could improve these figures to precision = 0.977 and recall = 0.987. Syntax errors were relatively unimportant in the overall coding process, but did introduce significant error in some categories, such as when right-left-bilateral distinction was attempted.The coded file that has been constructed will be used as an input file to a gynecological disease/PAP smear correlation system. The outputs of this system will include retrospective information on the natural history of selected diseases and a patient log providing information to the clinician on patient follow-up.Thus a free text data collection system can be utilized to produce numerically coded files of reasonable accuracy. Further, these files can be used as a source of useful information both for the clinician and for the medical researcher.

DEVELOPMENT OF A TEACHING BOOK BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM OF JEPARA DISTRICT FOR CLASS V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTSDEVELOPMENT OF A TEACHING BOOK BASED ON LOCAL WISDOM OF JEPARA DISTRICT FOR CLASS V ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaenal Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
School Students ◽  
Initial Product ◽  
Class V ◽  
Validation Test ◽  
Analysis Technique

This study aims to: (1) develop thematic textbooks based on local wisdom of our best friend's environmental theme material for grade V elementary school students, (2) Know the validity, practicality and effectiveness of thematic textbooks based on local wisdom of our best friend's environmental theme material for grade students V elementary school. The development of thematic textbook learning media based on local wisdom uses the Research and Development (R & D) method. The development stages include: (1) Potentials and problems, (2) Data collection, (3) Product design, (4) Design validation, (5) Design revision, (6) Product testing, (7) Product revision (Sugiyono, 2016). The research was conducted with 33 students from class V SDN 2 Sendang Jepara Regency. Initial product development is a process of making media based on needs analysis. Expert testing or validation was carried out by 2 experts, namely media experts and material experts. The data collection method in this research is observation, interview, and questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis and comparison test of two independent groups, namely using the independent t-test. Based on the results of the trial, this thematic teaching material is very valid, very interesting, effective and can be applied in learning. This can be seen from the results of the validation test from three experts which show that the product is good. The results of the effectiveness test showed that the experimental class students had better learning outcomes than the control class. This means that textbooks based on local wisdom of Jepara Regency are developed effectively

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