Plant Lipases and Phospholipases and Their Diverse Functions and Applications

2018 ◽  
pp. 29-57
Keyword(s):  
Potential Functions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Plant Proteins ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Lipolytic Enzymes ◽  
Commercial Exploitation ◽  
Ubiquitous Proteins

Lipases and phospholipases from plants have very interesting features for potential functions and applications in different fields. Plant lipases and phospholipases are ubiquitous proteins found either in basic or higher organs of plants. This chapter provides an overview of the diverse functions of these enzymes. The chapter addresses the issue of the importance regarding the functions of plant lipolytic enzymes (i.e., lipases and phospholipases) and their different forms not only for plants but also for external applications. The commercial exploitation of such plant proteins as industrial enzymes would be made as a potentially attractive alternative. The applications of plant lipases and phospholipases in biotechnology and industry such of food, detergents, effluent treatment, biodiesel production, as well as medicines and nutraceuticals are reviewed.

Biosludge Incineration in a Recovery Boiler

1999 ◽  
Vol 40 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 195-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Harila ◽  
V.-A. Kivilinna
Keyword(s):  
Black Liquor ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
High Moisture ◽  
Primary Sludge ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Combustion Emissions ◽  
Recovery Boiler

An activated sludge process is an effective tool against effluent emissions in a pulp mill. It has only a few features which can be regarded deficiences. One of them is that effluent treatment of a modern pulp mill creates some 10-20 tonnes dry solids of biosludge per day. This sludge is difficult to burn due to its high moisture content. The most common way is to mix biosludge with primary sludge, to dewater the mixture in presses and finally to burn it in a solid fuel boiler. This type of sludge treatment incurs rather high costs and does not produce any net energy. Also combustion emissions vary depending on the boiler type. The Metsä-Botnia Kemi Pulp Mill was the first mill in the world to burn biosludge in a recovery boiler. The system start-up was in 1993 and it has been in operation ever since. Mechanically dewatered biosludge is mixed with weak black liquor and concentrated in a conventional evaporation plant equipped with a pressurized superconcentrator unit. In a modern recovery boiler, firing conditions are well controlled and monitored. Better emission control than in most bark fired boilers is achieved. Accumulation of nonprocess elements, corrosion, plugging, scaling and some other operational problems were expected. A lot of experience has been gathered during the years of operation and reviewed in this presentation. The achieved benefits of the system are discussed. Disposal of biosludge in a recovery boiler offers an economically and environmentally attractive alternative. Probably the best evidence from this is the fact that Metsä-Botnia has applied the same process solution in the recent reconstruction of the recovery departments at the Jouteno Mill.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Lipase-Immobilized CeO2 Nanorods as Heterogeneous Nano-Biocatalyst for Optimized Biodiesel Production from Eruca sativa Seed Oil

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anam Fatima ◽  
Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz ◽  
Hamid Mukhtar ◽  
Sadia Akram ◽  
Tooba Touqeer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Eruca Sativa ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Before And After

Biodiesel has emerged as one of the most attractive alternative energy sources to meet the growing needs of energy. Many approaches have been adopted for biodiesel synthesis. In the present work, biodiesel was produced from non-edible Eruca sativa oil using nano-biocatalyst-catalysed transesterification. Nano-biocatalyst (CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase) was developed via the immobilization of lipase on polydopamine coated ceria nanorods, and CeO2 nanorods were developed via a hydrothermal process. The mean diameter of nanorods were measured to be 50–60 nm, while their mean length was 150–200 nm. Lipase activity before and after immobilization was measured to be 18.32 and 16.90 U/mg/min, respectively. The immobilized lipase depicted high stability at high temperature and pH. CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase-catalysed transesterification resulted in 89.3% yield of the product. Process optimization through response surface methodology was also executed, and it was depicted that the optimum/maximum E. sativa oil-based biodiesel yield was procured at conditions of 10% CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase, 6:1 methanol/oil ratio, 0.6% water content, 35 °C reaction temperature, and 30 h reaction time. The fuel compatibility of synthesized biodiesel was confirmed via the estimation of fuel properties that were in agreement with the ASTM D standard. The nanorods and dopamine-modified nanorods were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, SEM, and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), while conversion of E. sativa oil to biodiesel was confirmed by GC/MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Conclusively, it was revealed that CeO2@PDA@A. terreus Lipase has potential to be employed as an emphatic nano-biocatalyst.

scholarly journals The Role of Synthetic Biology in the Design of Microbial Cell Factories for Biofuel Production

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Leticia Colin ◽  
Analía Rodríguez ◽  
Héctor Antonio Cristóbal
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Microbial Cell ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Microbial Cell Factories ◽  
Cell Factories

Insecurity in the supply of fossil fuels, volatile fuel prices, and major concerns regarding climate change have sparked renewed interest in the production of fuels from renewable resources. Because of this, the use of biodiesel has grown dramatically during the last few years and is expected to increase even further in the future. Biodiesel production through the use of microbial systems has marked a turning point in the field of biofuels since it is emerging as an attractive alternative to conventional technology. Recent progress in synthetic biology has accelerated the ability to analyze, construct, and/or redesign microbial metabolic pathways with unprecedented precision, in order to permit biofuel production that is amenable to industrial applications. The review presented here focuses specifically on the role of synthetic biology in the design of microbial cell factories for efficient production of biodiesel.

scholarly journals Production of lipolytic enzymes by bacteria isolated from biological effluent treatment systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 2955-2965 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRACIANE FURINI ◽  
JUSSARA S. BERGER ◽  
JOSÉ A.M. CAMPOS ◽  
SUELI T. VAN DER SAND ◽  
JOSÉ C. GERMANI
Keyword(s):  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Lipolytic Enzymes

scholarly journals Amygdalus Scoparia as a New Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Motahareh Vares ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sarmasti Emami ◽  
Kambiz Tahvildari ◽  
Mohammad Amin Vares
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Amygdalus Scoparia

Biodiesel is an attractive alternative fuel because of its nontoxicity and biodegradability which can be produced from vegeTable oils and animal fats. Finding a proper feedstock has an important role on the biodiesel characteristics and the price. Therefore in this research, amygdalus Scoparia oil was used as a cheap potential feedstock for biodiesel production which is widespread in arid regions in Iran. This native plant contains 58-60% oil which is consist of 62.81% oleic acid and 23.54% linoleic acid. Biodiesel was produced from transesterification of extracted oil in reaction with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The reaction variables used were methanol/oil molar ratio (4:1-7:1), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.5%), and reaction time (1-7 h). Optimal conditions for methanolysis were 1% KOH concentration, MeOH/oil of molar ratio 6:1 for a period of 7 h. The yield of biodiesel produced under optimal conditions were 97.32. Overall, amygdalus Scoparia kernel is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production and large cultivation will help to reduce the product cost.

scholarly journals Current State and Perspectives on Transesterification of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1121
Author(s):  
Mohammed Salaheldeen ◽  
Abdalbasit Adam Mariod ◽  
Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua ◽  
S. M. Ashrafur Rahman ◽  
Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Compression Ignition ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Current State ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Cooking Oils ◽  
Practicable Method

Triglycerides are the main constituents of lipids, which are the fatty acids of glycerol. Natural organic triglycerides (viz. virgin vegetable oils, recycled cooking oils, and animal fats) are the main sources for biodiesel production. Biodiesel (mono alkyl esters) is the most attractive alternative fuel to diesel, with numerous environmental advantages over petroleum-based fuel. The most practicable method for converting triglycerides to biodiesel with viscosities comparable to diesel fuel is transesterification. Previous research has proven that biodiesel–diesel blends can operate the compression ignition engine without the need for significant modifications. However, the commercialization of biodiesel is still limited due to the high cost of production. In this sense, the transesterification route is a crucial factor in determining the total cost of biodiesel production. Homogenous base-catalyzed transesterification, industrially, is the conventional method to produce biodiesel. However, this method suffers from limitations both environmentally and economically. Although there are review articles on transesterification, most of them focus on a specific type of transesterification process and hence do not provide a comprehensive picture. This paper reviews the latest progress in research on all facets of transesterification technology from reports published by highly-rated scientific journals in the last two decades. The review focuses on the suggested modifications to the conventional method and the most promising innovative technologies. The potentiality of each technology to produce biodiesel from low-quality feedstock is also discussed.

scholarly journals REMOÇÃO DE MATÉRIA ORGÂNICA E NITROGÊNIO EM REATOR HÍBRIDO ANAERÓBIO/AERÓBIO/ANÓXICO OPERADO EM BATELADAS SEQUENCIAIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nelia Henriques Callado ◽  
Heitor Carvalho de Almeida Chagas ◽  
Marcia Helena Rissato Zamariolli Damianovic
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Hybrid Reactor ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Environmental Standards ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Decentralized Treatment ◽  
Bodies Of Water

<p class="Default">O crescimento urbano, sem o acompanhamento de sistema de esgotamento sanitário, induz a uma tendência de descentralização de estações de tratamento de efluentes (ETEs), visando à remoção não só de matéria orgânica carbonácea, mas também a remoção/recuperação de nutrientes. O nitrogênio, além de causar problemas de eutrofização em corpos de água, pode levar à contaminação de águas superficiais e subterrâneas por nitrato, cuja ingestão está associada a efeitos adversos à saúde. Este trabalho apresenta e discute o desempenho de um Reator em Bateladas Sequenciais (RSB), tratando esgoto sanitário, em escala de bancada, operando com ciclos de 24 horas, a fim de remover matéria orgânica e nitrogênio, tendo a fase de reação submetida a períodos anaeróbio, aeróbio e anóxico, com o intuito de avaliar o potencial de incorporação desta tecnologia como opção no tratamento descentralizado de esgotos em empreendimentos residenciais e comerciais. Os resultados mostraram um rápido estabelecimento de eficiência conjunta de remoção de DQO de 70% e de nitrogênio de 42%, mesmo sem utilizar fonte externa de carbono. Conclui-se que o RSB se apresenta como uma alternativa atraente para aplicação no meio urbano, minimizando os impactos de lançamento dos esgotos no solo, nos sistemas urbanos de drenagem, em corpos de água, bem como atende os padrões ambientais de lançamento.</p><p class="Default"> </p><p class="Body" align="center">REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER AND NITROGEN IN ANAEROBIC/ANOXIC HYBRID REACTOR OPERATED ON SEQUENTIAL BATCHES</p><p class="Default">Urban growth without the accompaniment of a sewage system leads to a trend towards decentralization of effluent treatment stations (ETEs), aiming at the removal not only of carbonaceous organic matter, but also the removal / recovery of nutrients. Nitrogen, in addition to causing eutrophication problems in bodies of water, can lead to contamination of surface and groundwater by nitrate, the intake of which is associated with adverse health effects. This work presents and discusses the performance of a Sequential Batch Reactor (RSB), treating sanitary sewage, on a bench scale operating with 24-hour cycles, aiming at the removal of organic matter and nitrogen, with the reaction phase submitted to anaerobic periods, aerobic and anoxic, in order to evaluate the potential of incorporating this technology as an option in the decentralized treatment of sewage in residential and commercial enterprises. The results showed a rapid establishment of joint efficiency in removing COD of 70% and nitrogen of 42%, even without using an external carbon source. It is concluded that the RSB presents itself as an attractive alternative for application in the urban environment, minimizing the impacts of the discharge of sewers in the soil, in the urban drainage systems, in bodies of water and meeting the environmental standards of release.</p>

scholarly journals 1,3-propanediol production by Escherichia coli expressing genes of dha operon from Clostridium butyricum 2CR371.5.

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Dąbrowski ◽  
Dorota Pietrewicz-Kubicz ◽  
Ewa Zabłotna ◽  
Anna Długołęcka
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Crude Glycerol ◽  
Coli Strain ◽  
Clostridium Butyricum ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
High Hydrogen ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Hydrogen Pressure

1,3-propanediol is used as a monomer in the production of some polymers e.g. polytrimethylene terephthalate used in the production of carpets and textile fibers and in the thermoplastics engineering. However, the traditional chemical synthesis is expensive, generates some toxic intermediates and requires a reduction step under high hydrogen pressure. Biological production of 1,3-propanediol could be an attractive alternative to the traditional chemical methods. Moreover, crude glycerol which is a by-product of biodiesel production, can be used. We constructed a recombinant Escherichia coli strain producing 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by introducing genes of the dha operon from Clostridium butyricum 2CR371.5, a strain from our collection of environmental samples and strains. The E. coli strain produced 3.7 g of 1,3-propanediol per one litre of culture with the yield of 0.3 g per 1 g of glycerol consumed.

scholarly journals Environmental Assessment of Amylase Used as Digestibility Improvement Factor for Intensive Chicken Production in Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 2735
Author(s):  
Britta Gernaey ◽  
José Sorbara ◽  
Per Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Lifecycle Assessment ◽  
Feed Composition ◽  
Livestock Feed ◽  
Improvement Factor

Industrial enzymes can be used to improve the digestibility of livestock feed components, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the feed, and allowing farmers to change and cost-optimize the feed composition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the environmental impacts of adding a starch-degrading enzyme (amylase) to feed for Brazilian chicken production. A lifecycle assessment covering all significant processes in the value chain as well as all significant impact categories was used as analytical tool. The application of amylase increases the energy value of corn in chicken feed and allows saving of costly fat in the feed. In Brazil, the saved fat is used either for biodiesel production or as a replacement for other fats in cleaning and hygiene products. The study showed that approximately 6% of greenhouse-gas emission from Brazilian chicken production could be avoided using the amylase. Using the amylase increases the contribution to nutrient enrichment by 0.6% when the excess fat is used for biodiesel. The use of amylase has little impact on agricultural land use, water consumption and acidification.

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