Towards Multimodal Mobile GIS for the Elderly

2010 ◽  
pp. 301-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Doyle ◽  
Michela Bertolotto ◽  
David Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multimodal Interfaces ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
User Group ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Information technology can play an important role in helping the elderly to live full, healthy and independent lives. However, elders are often overlooked as a potential user group of many technologies. In particular, we are concerned with the lack of GIS applications which might be useful to the elderly population. The main underlying reasons which make it difficult to design usable applications for elders are threefold. The first concerns a lack of digital literacy within this cohort, the second involves physical and cognitive age-related impairments while the third involves a lack of knowledge on improving usability in interactive geovisualisation and spatial systems. As such, in this chapter we analyse existing literature in the fields of mobile multimodal interfaces with emphasis on GIS and the specific requirements of the elderly in relation to the use of such technologies. We also examine the potential benefits that the elderly could gain through using such technology, as well as the shortcomings that current systems have, with the aim to ensure full potential for this diverse, user group. In particular, we identify specific requirements for the design of multimodal GIS through a usage example of a system we have developed. Such a system produced very good evaluation results in terms of usability and effectiveness when tested by a different user group. However, a number of changes are necessary to ensure usability and acceptability by an elderly cohort. A discussion of these concludes the chapter.

Towards Multimodal Mobile GIS for the Elderly

2013 ◽  
pp. 590-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Doyle ◽  
Michela Bertolotto ◽  
David Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Multimodal Interfaces ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
User Group ◽  
Gis Applications ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Spatial Systems ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Information technology can play an important role in helping the elderly to live full, healthy and independent lives. However, elders are often overlooked as a potential user group of many technologies. In particular, we are concerned with the lack of GIS applications which might be useful to the elderly population. The main underlying reasons which make it difficult to design usable applications for elders are threefold. The first concerns a lack of digital literacy within this cohort, the second involves physical and cognitive age-related impairments while the third involves a lack of knowledge on improving usability in interactive geovisualisation and spatial systems. As such, in this chapter we analyse existing literature in the fields of mobile multimodal interfaces with emphasis on GIS and the specific requirements of the elderly in relation to the use of such technologies. We also examine the potential benefits that the elderly could gain through using such technology, as well as the shortcomings that current systems have, with the aim to ensure full potential for this diverse, user group. In particular, we identify specific requirements for the design of multimodal GIS through a usage example of a system we have developed. Such a system produced very good evaluation results in terms of usability and effectiveness when tested by a different user group. However, a number of changes are necessary to ensure usability and acceptability by an elderly cohort. A discussion of these concludes the chapter.

scholarly journals Establishing a Comprehensive Anti-aging Research Center: Experiences and Challenges

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Jianli Ge ◽  
Jiaoling Huang ◽  
Shasha Geng ◽  
Qingqing Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Aging Research ◽  
High Risk Factors ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Government Websites ◽  
Elderly Cohort

Abstract Introduction: Age-related diseases have become the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Anti-aging researches both at the population and individual levels are still urgently needed. Establishing comprehensive anti-aging research centers is crucial to advancing anti-aging researches. However, few studies have shown guidelines for establishing a comprehensive anti-aging research center. We aim to describe the establishment of a comprehensive anti-aging center, summarize the initial experiences, and discuss limitations, strengths and challenges. Methods: The establishment contains three phases (from October, 2017 to January, 2020), the first phase is assessing the need for anti-aging research by reviewing relevant literatures and investigating the elderly population. The second phase is interpreting the aging-related policies by searching and analyzing China's aging-related policies in recent years on government websites. The third phase is completing the protocol of establishing the center, raising funds for the establishment of the center and selecting the adequate equipment. Results: In phase one, we find improving strategies at the population and individual levels are still needed. Through establishing elderly cohort, we find that many elderly people are with high risk factors of aging. In phase two, we find many age-related policies have been unveiled. In phase three, we complete the protocol of establishing the center based on the results of phase one and two. We also have raised funds and selected equipment for the center. Conclusion: With limited guideline for establishing a comprehensive anti-aging research center, the experience in this paper might help other institutions to build anti-aging research center or program. KEY WORDS: anti-aging; research center; establishing; experience; challenge

Noninvasive Brain Stimulation for the Study of Memory Enhancement in Aging

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bartrés-Faz ◽  
Didac Vidal-Piñeiro
Keyword(s):  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Healthy Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Benefits

Abstract. Noninvasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques have recently attracted interest due to their potential for transiently improving cognition. This may prove particularly valuable in aging, given the known impact of age-related cognitive dysfunction on quality of life. The present review summarizes the currently available evidence of working and episodic memory enhancements achieved using NIBS in healthy elderly people. The evidence reviewed indicates that research is still at an early stage and that there is a need to define the best procedures for operating and performing multicentre characterization of protocols. However, a limited number of sham-controlled studies have reported improvements in both cognitive domains. Furthermore, evidences of long-term beneficial effects opens up the possibility of using NIBS as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy. However, the relevance of certain variables involved and approaches used remains to be elucidated, including the potential benefits of single versus multiple NIBS sessions, the putative synergistic effects of using NIBS in combination with cognitive training, and the importance of individual differences. Overall, NIBS techniques represent a promising opportunity for psychologists seeking strategies to improve memory functions in the elderly. Nevertheless, their use requires appropriate technical knowledge coupled with a clear understanding of the neurophysiology and cognitive neuroscience of aging.

Increased risk of immune-related hepatitis among adolescent and young adults (AYAs) with melanoma during immunotherapy with checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9584-9584
Author(s):  
Alicia Darwin ◽  
Damon R. Reed ◽  
Tawee Tanvetyanon
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Melanoma Patients ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
Elderly Cohort ◽  
Investigational Agents

9584 Background: Melanoma is the second most common malignancy affecting AYA patients after lymphoma. Nevertheless, AYA melanoma does constitute a minority of all melanoma cases. Additionally, the AYA population is not well represented in prospective clinical trials, including immunotherapy trials. While previous research has demonstrated the efficacy of ICIs across age groups, it remains unclear if toxicity profiles will be similar. In the general population, age-related changes in the immune milieu result in differential incidences of autoimmune diseases by age. This study aims to compare the toxicity profile between a cohort of AYA melanoma versus elderly melanoma patients receiving ICI therapy. Methods: In this single NCCN institutional study, electronic medical records of melanoma patients treated with ICIs between 01/2007-01/2019 were reviewed. Subjects receiving concurrent investigational agents or chemotherapy were excluded. The AYA cohort included those aged 15-40 years. The elderly cohort included those aged ≥65 years. Adverse events were coded according to CTC-AE version 5.0. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: Analyses included 184 treatment courses. In the AYA cohort (N = 57), median age at ICI initiation was 28.8 years (range: 17.9-39.3). In the Elderly cohort (N = 127), median age at ICI initiation was 72.3 years. More AYA patients (28.1% AYA vs. 7.9% Elderly) received ICI combination regimens. The most common adverse events amongst both cohorts were transaminitis (23.4%), rashes (49.5%), and diarrhea/colitis (20%). Incidences of pneumonitis, colitis, hypothyroidism, and hypophysitis did not differ significantly between cohorts. However, the AYA cohort experienced a higher incidence of transaminitis (38.6% AYA vs. 16.5% Elderly, p =0.001 ) and increased occurrence of treatment related hospitalization (26.3% AYA vs. 7.1% Elderly, p <0.001 ). Moreover, a higher proportion of severe grade ≥3 transaminitis occurred in the AYA group (27.3% AYA vs. 9.5% Elderly, p =0.004). While occurrence of transaminitis was significantly associated with combination ICIs, the association between AYA status and transaminitis remained significant after adjusting for ICI regimen (OR 2.75, 95% CI: 1.3-5.8). There was a trend toward shorter time to transaminitis onset among the AYA than Elderly cohort (median 53.0 vs. 74.5 days [non-parametric p= 0.28]). To date, median survival has not been reached in both groups ( p= 0.09). Conclusions: In this large cohort of AYA melanoma patients treated with ICI, we found a significantly higher incidence of immune-related transaminitis than in the Elderly cohort. Other immune-related AEs were comparable between cohorts. This finding was independent of ICI regimen. Further investigation will be needed to understand these differences between the AYA and Elderly cohorts.

Ageing and its Implications for Elderly Web Experience

2007 ◽  
pp. 97-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syariffanor Hisham ◽  
Alistair Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Interface Design ◽  
Web Design ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Communication Services ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Web Experience ◽  
Elderly Users

This chapter discusses ageing-related issues and their implications to the Web experience of elderly users. Particular emphasis is placed on ageing in a developing region, highlighting some cases from Malaysia. The first section consists of a brief review regarding ageing functional abilities and their implications for Web interaction. Examples are given based on studies by other researchers in this area, covering major age-related impairments, namely visual and mental impairment. The potential benefits of the Internet and the elderly user as an ideal partner is examined. The second section presents more examples of the Internet as a platform for elderly people to pursue self-fulfilment. This can be achieved through the available facilities, including communication, services, personal enjoyment, and lifelong education, that facilitate an independent life and valued membership of society. The third section investigates some of the barriers that inhibit elderly users in utilisingWeb features. These include issues regarding interface design, assistive devices, and software aids for elderly users. A summary of the ICT penetration among elderly users in Malaysia is included after the three main sections. Finally, the chapter is concluded with some ideas concerning the cultural and demographic differences in determining new trends, directions, and opportunities in advanced Web design specifically for elderly users.

Multilevel model estimation of age-dependent individual-specific trajectories for left ventricular echocardiographic indexes in an asymptomatic elderly cohort

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (7) ◽  
pp. 1128-1134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-hong Wang ◽  
Yu-ping Jiang ◽  
Shan-shun Luo ◽  
Fang-fang Qiao ◽  
Hui Han
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Models ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Individual Variability ◽  
Ratio Test ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Aging Study ◽  
Elderly Cohort ◽  
The Individual

Few studies have been performed on the individual-specific trajectory of left ventricular aging as assessed by echocardiography in an asymptomatic elderly cohort. In the present study, a representative cohort of elderly men, who were long-term asymptomatic for cardiovascular issues, were selected from an ongoing observational aging study. Annual echocardiographic data were used to establish an age-dependent hierarchical model. Based on two-level linear regression results, four echocardiographic indexes [left ventricular mass (LVmass; −1.872 g/yr), posterior ventricular wall thickness (−0.048 mm/yr), fraction shortening (0.097/yr), and transmitral peak A velocity (−0.006 m·s−1·yr−1)] changed significantly with increasing age and were age- and subject-dependent. The most characterized results of the study were the significant, age-related, within-individual variances in echocardiographic results, which were observed using the likelihood ratio test at an occasion-dependent level. Of these, fluctuated amplitudes of two systolic variables [i.e., LVmass (con/age = −0.012 ± 0.004; P = 0.0007) and fraction shortening (con/age = −0.001 ± 0.004; P = 0.05)] were significantly attenuated with increasing age within individuals. On the other hand, the age-related variability of four diastolic Doppler variables [i.e., peak A velocity (con/age = 0.003 ± 0.002; P = 0.0009), peak E velocity (con/age = 0.004 ± 0.003; P = 0.01), E/A ratio (con/age = 0.007 ± 0.003; P = 0.0002), and deceleration time of E wave (con/age = 0.025 ± 0.007; P < 0.0001)] significantly increased with increasing age within individuals. The age-related individual variability of left ventricular indexes observed in this continuous asymptomatic cohort may reflect the mechanism of preclinical, individualized heart aging. In conclusion, successfully fitted multilevel models were applied as a valuable tool to determine the mechanism of individual cardiac aging in the elderly.

The Biological Clock and Sleep in the Elderly

2006 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Juda ◽  
Mirjam Münch ◽  
Anna Wirz-Justice ◽  
Martha Merrow ◽  
Till Roenneberg
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Behavioral Changes ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Theoretical Considerations ◽  
Sleep Difficulties ◽  
Circadian Biology

Abstract: Among many other changes, older age is characterized by advanced sleep-wake cycles, changes in the amplitude of various circadian rhythms, as well as reduced entrainment to zeitgebers. These features reveal themselves through early morning awakenings, sleep difficulties at night, and a re-emergence of daytime napping. This review summarizes the observations concerning the biological clock and sleep in the elderly and discusses the documented and theoretical considerations behind these age-related behavioral changes, especially with respect to circadian biology.

What Can We Learn from Sarcopenia with Curarisation in the Context of Cancer Surgery? A Review of the Literature

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (28) ◽  
pp. 3005-3010
Author(s):  
Georges Samouri ◽  
Alexandre Stouffs ◽  
Lionel V. Essen ◽  
Olivier Simonet ◽  
Marc De Kock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frail Elderly ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Cancer Surgery ◽  
Old People ◽  
Age Related

Introduction: The monitoring of the curarisation is a unique opportunity to investigate the function of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) during cancer surgery, especially in frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia. Method: We conducted a comprehensive literature review in PubMed, without any limit of time related to frailty, sarcopenia, age and response to neuromuscular blockers in the context of cancer surgery. Results: Several modifications appear with age: changes in cardiac output, a decrease in muscle mass and increase in body fat, the deterioration in renal and hepatic function, the plasma clearance and the volume of distribution in elderly are smaller. These changes can be exacerbated in cancer patients. We also find modifications of the NMJ: dysfunctional mitochondria, modifications in the innervation of muscle fibers and motor units, uncoupling of the excitation-contraction of muscle fibers, inflammation. : Neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs) compete with acetylcholine and prevent it from fixing itself on its receptor. Many publications reported guidelines for using NMBAs in the elderly, based on studies comparing old people with young people. : No one screened frailty before, and thus, no studies compared frail elderly and non-frail elderly undergoing cancer surgery. Conclusion: Despite many studies about curarisation in the specific populations, and many arguments for a potential interest for investigation, no studies investigated specifically the response to NMBAs in regard of the frailty-induced and age-related sarcopenia.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review on Sarcopenia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Prevalence and Associated Factors

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Anna Izzo ◽  
Elena Massimino ◽  
Gabriele Riccardi ◽  
Giuseppe Della Pepa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Macrovascular Complications ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Age Related

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) represents a major health burden for the elderly population, affecting approximately 25% of people over the age of 65 years. This percentage is expected to increase dramatically in the next decades in relation to the increased longevity of the population observed in recent years. Beyond microvascular and macrovascular complications, sarcopenia has been described as a new diabetes complication in the elderly population. Increasing attention has been paid by researchers and clinicians to this age-related condition—characterized by loss of skeletal muscle mass together with the loss of muscle power and function—in individuals with T2DM; this is due to the heavy impact that sarcopenia may have on physical and psychosocial health of diabetic patients, thus affecting their quality of life. The aim of this narrative review is to provide an update on: (1) the risk of sarcopenia in individuals with T2DM, and (2) its association with relevant features of patients with T2DM such as age, gender, body mass index, disease duration, glycemic control, presence of microvascular or macrovascular complications, nutritional status, and glucose-lowering drugs. From a clinical point of view, it is necessary to improve the ability of physicians and dietitians to recognize early sarcopenia and its risk factors in patients with T2DM in order to make appropriate therapeutic approaches able to prevent and treat this condition.

scholarly journals Corticobasal Degeneration Misdiagnosed As Musculoskeletal Disease: A Challenging Diagnosis of Higher-Level Gait Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (04) ◽  
pp. 640-642
Author(s):  
Halil Onder
Keyword(s):  
Corticobasal Degeneration ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Gait Disorders ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Gait Abnormality ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Musculoskeletal Problems ◽  
Neurological Exam ◽  
Long Time ◽  
High Level

AbstractGait disorders are common in the elderly as there are various causes of neurological and non-neurological conditions. On the other hand, most of the gait parameters do change with advancing age which is identified as age-related physiological changes in gait. At this point, the discrimination between age-related physiological changes and gait disorders may be strictly challenging. After identifying gait as an abnormal pattern, classification of it and making the responsible pathophysiology also require high-level expertise in this regard. Herein, we present a rare patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who had admitted initially due to complaints of gait problems. Over a long time, the patient had received the misdiagnosis of gait abnormality due to musculoskeletal problems by multiple physicians. However, the detailed neurological exam showed a higher level gait disorder (HLGD). Further investigations at this point yielded the diagnosis of CBD.

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