scholarly journals Public-Private-People Partnership Networks and Stakeholder Roles Within MaaS Ecosystems

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-50
Author(s):  
Jenni Eckhardt ◽  
Aki Aapaoja ◽  
Harri Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Service Provider ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Potential Solution ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Transport Modes ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Partnership Networks

Mobility as a service (MaaS) is an emerging concept offering integrated mobility services. Combining different transport modes and services, as well as collaboration of stakeholders, are prerequisites for viable and attractive MaaS services. MaaS is expected to increase the sustainability and efficiency of transport. Public-private-people partnership (PPPP) networks are seen as a potential solution to meet these expectations, especially in rural areas. The purpose here is to present a PPPP network for MaaS, which integrates market-based mobility services and subsidized transportation. The chapter also describes the roles and responsibilities of primary and secondary MaaS stakeholders at different levels, including authority, service provider, MaaS operator, and user levels.

The Interplay of Agents in Improvising Telecommunication Infrastructures' Services to Rural Community of South Africa

2015 ◽  
pp. 208-225
Author(s):  
Sharol Mkhomazi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
South African ◽  
Service Provider ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Telecommunication Network ◽  
Structuration Theory ◽  
Telecommunication Service ◽  
Network Service Provider

The deployment of telecommunication infrastructures is a challenge in many parts of South Africa particularly in the rural areas. The challenge has impact of communities' members as they do not have network coverage for Internet in some areas. The challenge gets worse with individual telecommunication service provider. Hence there is technological proposal for sharing of infrastructure by the service providers. However, the sharing of infrastructure is not as easy as notion by many individuals and groups institutions included. The article presents findings from a study on how a South African telecommunication network service provider could deploy shared infrastructures in the country's rural communities. The sharing of infrastructure is described by the structure and actions of agents within the infrastructure sharing process. Structuration theory was employed as a lens in the data analysis. The key findings include insufficient distribution of infrastructure, ownership responsibility, competitiveness, infrastructure deployment cost, and signification of regulation.

Summary and conclusions from the SIWI Young Professionals Workshop: The possibilities and threats of globalisation!

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 243-246
Author(s):  
Johan Kuylenstierna
Keyword(s):  
Water Security ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Global Context ◽  
Young Professionals ◽  
Significant Aspect ◽  
Different Levels

The Young Water Professionals Symposium discussed the nature of globalisation as it affects water and water professionals. Globalisation processes can either encourage or cure the problems of scarcity and marginalisation. Different levels of development and rates of progress reinforce the need for diverse thinking to tackle these local variations within the global context. A significant aspect is a change in roles and responsibilities for the water professional – to be less confined to the purely technical and more cooperative across traditional boundaries. To enable water professionals to fulfil these new roles education must be transformed and intellectual barriers overcome. In this way globalisation processes can be made to work for water security for the new century.

scholarly journals Fasting Plasma Glucose and Coronary Heart Disease in a Rural Population of North Henan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Quan Guo ◽  
Fei Lin ◽  
Yi Liu ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Xue-Hui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Fasting Plasma Glucose ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Coronary Artery Lesions ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Levels

Even in individuals without diabetes, the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) increases with the rise in fasting plasma glucose (FPG); however, the threshold of FPG for CHD in rural areas of China is unclear. We retrospectively examined 2,987 people. Coronary angiography records were used to determine the presence of CHD as well as its severity. Risk factors for CHD and the relationship between different levels of FPG and CHD were analyzed. After adjusting for age, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, drinking, chronic kidney disease, and previous ischemic stroke, the incidence of CHD in nondiabetic women began to increase when FPG exceeded 5.2 mmol/L (odds ratio (OR) = 1.438, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.099–1.880, p=0.008), and the degree of coronary artery lesions also became more severe (OR = 1.406, 95% CI = 1.107–1.788, p=0.005). However, no such correlations were found in nondiabetic men. In conclusion, among the nondiabetic women in rural areas of northern Henan, both the incidence of CHD and the severity of lesions increased when FPG levels were greater than 5.2 mmol/L, while no significant correlation between FPG and CHD was observed in diabetes-free men.

scholarly journals Roles and Responsibilities for Sustaining Open Source Platforms and Tools

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor Owens
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Source ◽  
Open Source Software ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
The Core ◽  
Project Sustainability ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Core Part ◽  
Different Levels

Developing, deploying and maintaining open source software is increasingly a core part of the core operations of cultural heritage organizations. From preservation infrastructure, to tools for acquiring digital and digitized content, to platforms that provide access, enhance content, and enable various modes for users to engage with and make use of content, much of the core work of libraries, archives and museums is entangled with software. As a result, cultural heritage organizations of all sizes are increasingly involved in roles as open source software creators, contributors, maintainers, and adopters. Participants in this workshop shared their respective perspectives on institutional roles in this emerging open source ecosystem. Through discussion, participants created drafts of a checklist for establishing FOSS projects, documentation of project sustainability techniques, a model for conceptualizing the role of open source community building activities throughout projects and an initial model for key institutional roles for projects at different levels of maturity.

Technology in Context

2019 ◽  
pp. 138-154
Author(s):  
Helle Sofie Wentzer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Roles And Responsibilities ◽  
Health Care Practices ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Context Free ◽  
Different Levels

The phrase “technology in context” contains a paradox, because much technology is assumed “context-free.” Information and communication technology (ICT) in health care, including telemedicine, electronic patient records, and other forms of ICT are often presented as virtual—free of time and space. This chapter argues that technology development and implementation, as drivers of modernity, make attention to context more relevant than ever in both practice and research. High-tech and information technologies transcend the traditional understanding of context to become something multilayered and relational, with the risk of blurring borderlines of tasks, roles, and responsibilities. Research into disrupted and decontextualized spaces of action offers insights into the dependencies and vulnerabilities of ICT-mediated health care practices. Here, surgery is chosen as a learning aid to understand the mediated character of context, its dependencies and vulnerabilities, and how it must be continuously reproduced at different levels of understanding and organization.

State policy on the use of former arable land and budget funding of agriculture

2020 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Author(s):  
G. A. Polunin ◽  
V. V. Alakoz
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
State Subsidies ◽  
Comprehensive Indicator ◽  
Different Levels

This paper contains three scenarios for expansion the production of agricultural raw materials and food in the Russian Federation. Special attention is paid to the Non-Chernozem region, where the country has the largest amount of land not used for agricultural production anymore. In order to determine the influence of state support on the efficiency of resource use, including land, a comprehensive indicator for evaluating the effectiveness of state subsidies is introducing in the regions of Russia. The subjects of the Russian Federation were calculated and classified by the efficiency of the use of subsidies. The hypothesis of the reasons for different levels of use of subsidies in the regions is presented in the article. The identification of these reasons makes it possible to substantiate wise management decisions, and adjust agricultural policy and target programs for the development of agricultural production and rural areas.

Assessment of the current level of supply in the sphere of public services in urban and rural areas (Case study: selected constituent entities of the Russian federation)

10.12737/5364 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 57-75
Author(s):  
Елена Погребова ◽  
Elena Pogrebova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Current Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Different Levels

The article is devoted to research into the public service industry in constituent entities of the Russian Federation which demonstrate different levels of social and economic development as well as different levels of urbanization. The author presents the results of a detailed analysis of the quantitative differentiation of public service providers in terms of the types of services provided in the territories under consideration, the employment in the public service sector, the rate of public service consumption in urban and rural areas, and public service availability and accessibility for the consumers. Based on the results of the analysis, the author assesses the current level of public service supply in urban and rural areas in eight sample constituent entities of the Russian Federation (Moscow, Moscow Region, Vladimir Oblast, Tambov Oblast, Tula Oblast, Tver Oblast, Murmansk Oblast, Astrakhan Oblast), and identifies the trends of and challenges to public service sector development in the given regions.

Introduction

1980 ◽  
Vol 209 (1174) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
The World ◽  
New Material ◽  
The Many ◽  
Year 2000 ◽  
Different Levels

Soon after the Royal Society’s Discussion Meeting on Technologies for Rural Health in December 1976 (published under the same title in Proc. R. Soc. Lond . B 199, 1-187 (1977)), it was suggested that a follow-up meeting would be valuable to deal with subjects omitted from the previous meeting for lack of time, and to review progress made towards the provision of health care to the underprivileged people living in rural areas around the world. We wondered at first whether there would be enough change and enough new material to justify another meeting. In the event, we found that things had undoubtedly changed, although not quite in the ways that had been expected. In the first place, international support has now been promised towards meeting many of the needs that were discussed. The W. H. O. /UNICEF joint meeting on Primary Health Care, held at Alma Ata in 1978, concentrated on ways to en­courage good health in rural areas. The call for ‘Health for all by the year 2000’ has gone round the world. The summer of 1979 brought the U. N. conference on Science and Technology for Development. The ‘Water Decade’ is almost upon us, and W. H. O. has increased its activity in providing laboratory and radiological services, training for different levels of auxiliary health care personnel, and looking at ways to ensure adequate supplies of suitable drugs and the many other things needed to improve the health of rural populations.

On Part-Time Farming

1974 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-142
Author(s):  
W. Lanny Bateman ◽  
Odell L. Walker ◽  
Raleigh A. Jobes
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Empirical Observation ◽  
Price Changes ◽  
Demand Functions ◽  
Farm Operators ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Time Operators

Economic logic and empirical observation suggest that increasing numbers of part-time farms can have important implications for organization of agricultural production and development of rural areas. Production relationships on part-time farms may differ because:1) Farm operators working off the farm may organize resources and respond to price changes differently than full-time operators;2) Part-time operators may have different demand functions for production inputs, particularly land and labor, and3) Part-time operators may achieve different levels of efficiency than their full-time counterparts.

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