Senior Entrepreneurship in the Neighborhood Stores

Author(s):  
Omar Alonso Patiño C. ◽  
Michael Enrique Torres Franco ◽  
Laura Marcela Patiño G.

Senior entrepreneurship is a topic that has recently given rise to research processes, given the change that occurs in the composition of the world population, with a declining birth rate and a life expectancy upward, and the permanent need of governments to generate more jobs. The first studies of senior entrepreneurship were conducted in the mid-90s, when it began to be identified that people over 50 were developing business initiatives, late, with particularities that differentiated them from the creation of companies in a general framework. In Colombia research processes have not been developed on this topic, and given the importance of it, this chapter presents the results of entrepreneurship in neighborhood stores, establishing the differences that are found between young entrepreneurs and mature entrepreneurs, in the integral management of their business.

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Morillo

The incidence of epilepsy has bimodal distribution peaking at the extremes of life. Incidence is greater in younger and older age groups (Hauser et al., 1993, Sidenvall et al., 1993, Forsgren et al., 1996, and Olafsson et al., 2005). As the world population ages more elders with epilepsy will be identified. In the high-income countries with longer life expectancy, the number of elders with epilepsy will be even higher. CPSs account for 40% of all seizure types in the elderly (Hauser et al., 1992); however, the proportion with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is uncertain.


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-149
Author(s):  
S. Sunitha

Demographics of India is remarkably diverse. India is the second most populous country in the world with more than one sixth of the world population. The stock of any population changes with time. There are three components of population changes which are fertility, mortality and migration. Socio economic phenomena of population development and their impact and differentials like urbanization, infant mortality rate, migration and causes of death are important to understand the population characteristics. It is observed that the growth of population depends on birth rate and death rates in India. During first phase birth rate as well as death rate was high. In the fourth phase birth rate and death rates are decline. It was also found that life expectancy at birth had been gradually increased in India. There is a need to coordinate the population policy with education policy. Employment generation programmes has been launched in the country to solve unemployment problem and mitigate rural unemployment.


Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 190
Author(s):  
Emiliana Giacomello ◽  
Luana Toniolo

The current increase in life expectancy is confirmed by data from different sources (i.e.,The World Population Prospects 2019 issued by the United Nations; https://population.un.org/wpp/ (accessed on 20 December 2021)), which predict that, in the near future, individ-uals who are over 65 and over 80 will be the fastest-growing portion of the population [...]


Author(s):  
Federico Ramos Ruiz ◽  
Amador Ernesto Macias Osuna

The world population is ageing at an accelerated pace. It is estimated there are 900 million people aged 60 years or above worldwide, and with the rise in life expectancy comes an increased prevalence of chronic diseases such as dementia. In September 2015, Alzheimer’s Disease International reported a total of 46.8 million people with dementia worldwide, which is expected to increase to 74.7 million and 135.1 million by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Dementia also has a tremendous worldwide economic impact on health systems. In 2015, the total cost of dementia care was 818 billion dollars, representing an increase of 35.4% from 2010.


2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Muneer Abdallah Karadsheh ◽  
Rahma Ibrahim Al-Mahrooqi ◽  
Shaikha Hamed Al-Madailwi

The study aimed to detect the expectations of life expectancy of women since birth according to the diversity of the communities and to examine the most important social, cultural, economic, and demographic determinants. These have been identified as: the proportion of annual population increase, rates of infant mortality, the rate of the crude death, the rate of population density per cubic meter, the population of the state, the period during which the population doubles, the total fertility rate, the rate of birth control use, the level of individual income, the proportion of youth in the community (population less than 15 years), and the rate of urbanization. The study relied on the annual global data for 242 countries provided by the United Nations for all countries in the world which is known as the World Population Data Sheet. The study found that females live longer than males, and variables such as infant mortality, the proportion of youth in a community, the rate of crude mortality, total fertility of women and rate, and the relative use of birth control methods in the community, all play an influential role in determining the levels of the woman’s life expectancy. 


Author(s):  
Galina Semeko ◽  

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to serious shifts in the trajectory of demographic development in the world, including Russia. These shifts not only affect the reproduction of the population, but also lead to the exacerbation of many socioeconomic problems. The article analyzes the sharp increase in morbidity of people and mortality, the decrease in birth rate and life expectancy at birth, and changes in other demographic parameters. The assessment of the scale and specificity of these demographic changes, including in gender and age dimensions, are presented.


2020 ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
MAKA GHANIASHVILI

For several decades, pension systems across the world have been undergoing reforms. The main reasons for this are demographic changes and increasing life expectancy. As life expectancy increases and the birth rate decreases, more people retire than are added to the workforce. To make these reforms more effective and ensure that they are based on the best benchmarks, the European Union (EU) has introduced the Open Method of Coordination (OMC) in the field of pensions. Pension system reform is on its way in Georgia since 2019, January. OMC evaluates pensions systems in terms of the three main objectives: adequacy, sustainability, and modernization of pensions. Our methodology is based on multivariate statistical analysis, and employs synthetic indicators for adequacy objectives, in case of Georgia and 27 EU countries, in the years 2010, 2015 and 2018. The article contributes to the existing literature on pension reforms through investigation of the convergence of EU27 and Georgia pension systems in terms of one of the OMC objectives, in order to evaluate the adequacy of the pension systems.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsigmond Lovretity

A következő évtizedekben a világ népességének várható életkilátásai fokozatosan javulnak. Például az Egyesült Államokban demográfiai előrejelzések szerint a 60 éves kort elért népesség legalább 90 év megélésére számíthat. A demográfiai jellemzők markáns változása drámai változásokat, új szükségleteket és megközelítéseket jelez előre az úgynevezett aktív munkatevékenység utáni évekre (post career life). Ebben az írásban a hosszabb élet perspektíváinak bemutatásán túl, elsősorban a fejlett gazdaságokban, szervezetekben foglalkoztatott menedzserekre, vezetőkre irányítjuk figyelmünket, feltételezve, hogy az ő távozásuk biztosan jelentős hatást gyakorol korábbi szervezetük életére, technológiai, pénzügyi, gazdasági sikereire. Ez a munkavállalói réteg nagy valószínűséggel rendelkezik már megfelelő anyagi háttérrel ahhoz, hogy érdekeinek megfelelő, ésszerű döntést hozhat arról, mikor és milyen szempontok szerint válassza meg nyugdíjba vonulását és az azt követő időszak különböző aktív tevékenységeit *** The life expectancy of the world population is continuously improving. For example, according to demographic forecasts, in the United States, the population having reached the age of 60 can expect at least 90 years of life. The drastic changes in the demographic data prognosticate dramatic changes, new demands and approaches concerning the so-called post-career life. In this paper, in addition to introducing the perspectives of a longer life, we primarily focus on the managers and leaders employed in developed economies and organizations, supposing that their retirement will surely have a considerable impact on the life and the technological, financial and economic successes of their organizations. A number of the employees are probably in possession of a financial background allowing them to make a reasonable decision serving their interests on the time and aspects of retirement and the activities don in the subsequent period.  


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad H. Badii ◽  
Jorge Castillo ◽  
Jesús Fabian López

Key words: Growth, rates, poor, population, richAbstract. Human populations have grown at an unprecedented rate over the past three centuries. By 2001, the world population stood at 6.2 billion people. If the current trend of 1.4 % per year persists, the population will double in 51years. Most of that growth will occur in the less developed countries of Asia, Africa, and Latin America. There is a serious concern that the number of humans in the world and our impact on the environment will overload the life support systems of the earth. The crude birth rate is the number of births in a year divided by the average population. A more accurate measure of growth is the general fertility rate, which takes into account the age structure and fecundity of the population. The crude birth rate minus the crude death rate gives the rate of natural increase. When this rate reaches a level at which people are just replacing themselves, zero population growth is achieved. In the more highly developed countries of the world, growth has slowed are even reversed in recent years so that without immigration from other areas, population would be declining. The change from high birth and death rates that accompanies in industrialization is called a demographic transition. Many developing nations have already begun this transition. Death rates have fallen, but birth rates remain high. Some demographers believe that as infant mortality drops and economic development progresses so that people in these countries can be sure of secure future, they will complete the transition to a stable population or a high standard living. While larger populations bring many problems, they also may be a valuable resource of energy, intelligence, and enterprise that will make it possible to overcome resource limitation problems. A social just view argues that a more equitable distribution of wealth might reduce both excess population growth and environmental degradation. We have many more options now for controlling fertility than were available to our ancestors. Some techniques are safer than those available earlier; many are easier and more pleasant to use. Sometimes it takes deep changes in a culture to make family planning programs successful. Among these changes are improved social, educational, and economic status for women; higher values on individual children; accepting responsibility for our own lives; social security and political stability that give people the means and confidence to plan for the future; and knowledge, availability, and use of effective and acceptable means of birth control.Palabras claves: Crecimiento, poblacion, pobre, rico, tasaResumen. La poblacion humana ha crecido a una tasa inprecedente en los ultimos tres siglos. Para 2001 la poblacion mundial llego a 6.2 billiones. A una tasa actual de crecimiento de 1.4% annual, la poblaciona se duplicara en 51 anos. La mayoria del crecimiento ocurrira en los paises en via de desarrollo de Asia, Africa, y Latino America. Hay una preocupacion de que la poplacion humana y su impacto negativo sobre el medio ambiente pondra en peligro la existencia de los sytemas de soporte vital del mundo. La tasa cruda de nacimineto es el numero de nacimientos entre el promedio de la poblacion. Una medida mas exacta de crecimiento poblacional es la tasa general de fertilidad que toma en cuenta la estructura de la poblacion y la fecundidad poblacional. La diferencia entre la tasa cruda de nacimiento y la mortalidad nos da la tasa natural de incremento. Cuando esta tasa alcanza el nivel al cual la gente solamente remplaza a si mismo numericamente, se obtiene la tasa cero de crecimiento poblacional. En los países avanzadas del mundo, el crecimiento ha sido reducido o ha puesto en forma negativa, de tal modo que sin inmigracion en estos paises, la poblacion estará disminuyendo. El cambio de las tasas altas de nacimiento y mortalidad a las tasa bajas se denomina la transición demografica. Muchos países desarrolldos han empezado esta transición demográfica. La tasa de mortanda ha bajado en estos países sin que disminuyera la tasa de nacimiento. A medida que la tasa de mortalidad infantil se reduzca en estos países y la economía progresa mas y trae seguridad económico para la gente, entonces será possible una transición demográfica a una poblacion estable o un estandard de vida mas alta. Mientras que las poblaciones grandes traen muchos problemas, tamien pueden servir como recursos de enegia e inteligencia que permiten controlar el problema de la limitación de los recursos. Una idea de la justicia social argumenta que una distribución mas equitativa del capital puede reducir tanto el crecimiento excesivo poblacional como problemas ambientales. Hay muchos métodos de control de fertilidad en comparación con antes. Algunas técnicas son mas seguros, mas fácil de usar y mas placenteras que antes. Se requiere de cambios profundos culturales, como mejoramiento de estatus social, educacional, y económico, valores mas altos de los jóvenes, aceptar la responsabilidad en la vida, seguridad social, estabilidad política, el conocimiento, y el uso efectivo de medidas de control de natalidad, para permitir que la gente planea con seguridad hacia el futuro.


Author(s):  
Roberto D. Hernández

This article addresses the meaning and significance of the “world revolution of 1968,” as well as the historiography of 1968. I critically interrogate how the production of a narrative about 1968 and the creation of ethnic studies, despite its world-historic significance, has tended to perpetuate a limiting, essentialized and static notion of “the student” as the primary actor and an inherent agent of change. Although students did play an enormous role in the events leading up to, through, and after 1968 in various parts of the world—and I in no way wish to diminish this fact—this article nonetheless argues that the now hegemonic narrative of a student-led revolt has also had a number of negative consequences, two of which will be the focus here. One problem is that the generation-driven models that situate 1968 as a revolt of the young students versus a presumably older generation, embodied by both their parents and the dominant institutions of the time, are in effect a sociosymbolic reproduction of modernity/coloniality’s logic or driving impulse and obsession with newness. Hence an a priori valuation is assigned to the new, embodied in this case by the student, at the expense of the presumably outmoded old. Secondly, this apparent essentializing of “the student” has entrapped ethnic studies scholars, and many of the period’s activists (some of whom had been students themselves), into said logic, thereby risking the foreclosure of a politics beyond (re)enchantment or even obsession with newness yet again.


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