Examining Causal Linkages for Sustainable Development

2021 ◽  
pp. 127-142
Author(s):  
Ritu Rana ◽  
Manoj Sharma ◽  
Mir Sayed Shah Danish
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
Causality Testing

This chapter aims to summarize the literature comprising several variables crucial for sustainable development and the examination of causal linkages existing among these variables. This chapter explores the existing literature related to the causality-testing techniques used by several researchers and academicians in the field of sustainable development. This study sums up with a wide variety of existing causality-testing techniques in the literature (both conventional and latest/improved ones). Still, researchers are making efforts for further studies and strive to continually look for examining these causal linkages in a better way. Although several variables have been used in previous studies to explore the causality relationships for sustainable development, it seems there is no limit to the number of such explanatory variables. Therefore, causality testing for sustainable development has a broader scope always for further research advancements in this area.

scholarly journals Indicator Analysis of the Economic Development of Polish Regions in the Context of the Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anetta Barska ◽  
Janina Jędrzejczak-Gas
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Regional Differentiation ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Analysis And Evaluation ◽  
Indicator Analysis

The aim of the article is to present the regional differentiation of indicators characterizing the economic development of Polish regions in the context of the progress made in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in 2010 and 2017. The authors focused primarily on determining the position of Lubuskie Province on the economic map of Poland. The article proposes a set of indicators monitoring one of the areas of sustainable development - economic development, which also take into account other areas of sustainable development, i.e. social development, environmental development, and institutional-political development. The main criterion for the selection of indicators were substantive premises and their completeness and accessibility across the regions. The analysis and evaluation of the proposed indicators (explanatory variables) were conducted within five thematic areas which mark the economic development of the regions and which are important from the standpoint of the sustainable development concept: 1) Potential of the economy 2) Innovativeness of the economy 3) Economic activity of enterprises, 4) Production and transportation, 5) Economic activity of households. The article consists of two sections. In the first section, based on literature review, the most important issues regarding the concept of sustainable development and the state of scientific research on the indicators of sustainable development at regional level are presented. The second section addresses the concept of indicator analysis on the basis of which an assessment of economic development of 16 Polish regions was carried out and the position of Lubuskie Province was determined against the backdrop of the other regions. The findings prompted an answer to the question concerning the economic development of Polish regions, and in particular of Lubuskie Province, in the context of the concept of sustainable development.Keywords: indicator analysis, region, sustainable development, economic development, Poland

scholarly journals Perceptions, Risk Attitude and Organic Fertilizer Investment: Evidence from Rice and Banana Farmers in Guangxi, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjian Chen ◽  
Di Zeng ◽  
Ying Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Fan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Risk Attitude ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Hurdle Models

Overuse of chemical fertilizer has led to severe land degradation and environmental pollution in China. Switching to organic fertilizer may improve soil quality and reduce pollution, which is meaningful to the sustainable development of Chinese agriculture. This study examines how farmers’ perceptions and risk preference affect their organic fertilizer investment using a representative rural household survey from Guangxi, a major agricultural region in China. Tobit and double-hurdle models are used to empirically test their impacts on organic fertilizer adoption and investment. An ordinary least squares model is used to regress chemical fertilizer use on the same set of explanatory variables to compare and contrast farmers’ different fertilizer investment behaviors. It is found that both organic fertilizer perceptions and risk attitude significantly affect organic fertilizer investment. Perceived yield-increasing and quality-improving effects encourage organic fertilizer investment, while perceived cost increases discourage it. Moreover, risk-averse farmers are more likely to invest in organic fertilizers. Most of the perceptions affecting organic fertilizer investment have an opposite impact on chemical fertilizer investment, which suggests substitutability between organic and chemical fertilizer. Interventions that aim to improve farmers’ perceptions of organic fertilizer and illustrate its risk-reduction effect could be effective in promoting organic fertilizer use, which can help achieve China’s sustainable development of agriculture.

Education for sustainable development in humanitarian logistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-602
Author(s):  
Muhammad Khan ◽  
Muhammad Sarmad ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Junghan Bae
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Education For Sustainable Development ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Humanitarian Logistics ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling

PurposeAs humanitarian logistics (HL) functions in complicated, changing and ambiguous situations, all people, particularly the educated youth, have to know how to control the situation and assist victims, which are best achieved through formal education and training. Teaching at university has been extensively used in the context of business logistics. However, education in HL is a poorly researched field and, consequently, this article explores education for sustainable development in HL. The study addresses the following research question: How the teaching of HL at university can help to increase HL performance (HLP) and to reduce suffering.Design/methodology/approachA covariance-based structure equation modeling (CB-SEM) is implemented on the basis of confirmatory factor analysis.FindingsThe results show that the association between the explanatory variables and the dependent variable (HLP) is mediated by sustainability, and that the teaching of HL at university plays a vital role in enhancing HLP and is therefore a very suitable approach for sustainable development in HL. This direct approach is creative, informative and productive practice for both students and teachers.Originality/valueIn spite of the growing number of activities and courses in supply chain and logistics education, no study, to the best of our knowledge, has empirically analyzed the critical topic of whether or not education can bring sustainable development in HL. In order to save lives and reduce the suffering of victims, this study attempts to fill this gap.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COMMUNITY CASH WAQF INTENTION TO SUPPORT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDGs): THEORY PLANNED BEHAVIOUR APPROACH

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Alif Khuwarazmi Maulana Julendra ◽  
Silvi Sri Mulyani ◽  
Arfi Mulyasa Insani
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Sustainable Development Goals ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
The World ◽  
Development Goals

The SDGs outline 17 goals that are part of the sustainable development agenda. One of the efforts that can be made to alleviate poverty around the world is by utilizing "endowment funds". In Indonesia, financing innovation to alleviate poverty can be done through cash waqf. However, the facts on the ground show that the huge potential for cash waqf cannot be optimally absorbed. Therefore, this study aims to explore and test empirically the extent to which the Indonesian people intend to optimize the potential of cash waqf in an effort to support financing and achieve the goal of poverty alleviation in Indonesia. This is done by identifying the factors that influence the intention of the Indonesian people to distribute cash waqf and correlating this with the influence of public knowledge about waqf, especially the cash waqf itself. The method used in this study is a quantitative method by collecting primary data from as many as 316 Muslim respondents throughout Indonesia. The questionnaire used is the adoption of Theory Planned Behavior (TPB) with the addition of several variables that affect intention. This approach is used to determine the community's intention to distribute cash waqf. The results of the study indicate the consideration of Indonesian Muslim knowledge in the influence of the intention to do cash waqf, and the results show that there is no significant influence between attitudes (attitudes towards) and people's intention to donate money.

Environmental Sanitation in Heredia

2022 ◽  
pp. 101-114
Author(s):  
Roxana Yasmín Durán Sosa ◽  
Iliana Araya Ramírez ◽  
Rui Alexandre Castanho
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Environmental Management ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Environmental Sanitation ◽  
Impact Area ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Testing Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Costa Rica is recognized for its efforts in sustainable development. This study analyzes the challenges of environmental sanitation to articulate environmental management in the Canton of Heredia. Currently, the country faces significant challenges regarding access to water and environmental sanitation. This research contributes to the analysis of the challenges of the environmental sanitation system in this territory. The testing techniques and photographic registration in the impact area, along with the interviews with employees and professionals on the subject, and extensive bibliographic consultation support this methodology. The study's conclusions regarding the challenges of environmental sanitation are 1) legal and institutional framework faced by the environmental sanitation project of the Publics Services Company of Heredia (ESPH for its initials in Spanish), 2) strategy for the treatment of sanitary waters in the canton, and 3) improvement in the quality of life of the Heredia's citizens.

scholarly journals Relationship between Rural Settlements’ Plant Communities and Environmental Factors in Hilly Area of Southeast China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 2771
Author(s):  
Ziyan Wang ◽  
Cheng Wang ◽  
Zehui Jiang ◽  
Tao Hu ◽  
Wenjing Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Plant Community ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Zhejiang Province ◽  
Ecological Environment ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Bamboo Species ◽  
Rural Settlements ◽  
Southeast China ◽  
Explanatory Variables

The construction of the ecological environment in rural settlements is a very important part of the development of human settlements. Key to this construction is the coordinated and sustainable development of plant environment, geographical environment, and human activities. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of plant diversity and their driving mechanisms. The study area, ‘Shanchuan Town’, is located in the hilly area of Southeast China, Anji County, Zhejiang Province. As bamboo forests cover 62% of the total forests, it has the reputation of being the “China town of bamboo”. To interpret rural plant community features, we extracted topography data by the field survey, satellite image, and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based on ArcGIS platform, then used Spearman’s correlation and a redundancy analysis to examine the relationships between explanatory variables (e.g., plot elevation, slope aspect and architectural height, etc.) and the distribution of plant community diversity. In this study, 227 plots were selected from 14 settlements to investigate totally 105, 88, 206, and 17 species of trees, shrubs, herbs, and vines, respectively, belonging to 147 families, 324 genera, and 416 species. Among them, there were 19 bamboo species, and 47 species of alien plants, which accounted for 11.3% of the total. The dominant trees and shrubs were mainly native species with high edible or ornamental value. The dominant bamboo species were common species for bamboo shoots in Zhejiang Province, while most of the dominant herbaceous species were alien species. Among the explanatory variables, the impact of plot elevation (PE) on plant community was significantly higher than those of other explanatory factors. The correlation analysis showed that the richness and diversity indices of different plant life layers were significantly related to PE. Among the architectural factors, the architectural orientation (AO) and layout type (AT) effect on shrubs and other herbaceous species was stronger than those on trees and bamboo. There was a high plant community richness in the study area, and both topography and architectural factors had a significant effect on plant community. Therefore, construction of the plant landscape should conform to the topography and regulate the residential construction activities properly, so as to get rid of urban planning thinking and the excessive pursuit of plant diversity, realizing the sustainable development of ecological environment in settlements.

Military Intervention in Politics: Contrasting Cases of Pakistan and India

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 302-316
Author(s):  
Veena Kukereja
Keyword(s):  
Political Systems ◽  
British India ◽  
Military Establishment ◽  
Military Organization ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Civil Military Relations ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Military Relations ◽  
Civilian Authority ◽  
The Military

It is interesting to note that, although the Pakistani and Indian political systems share many common features relating to history, military organization and an overall areal culture, the two systems have displayed contrasting patterns of civil-military relations. The armies of both the countries inherited the British Indian military traditions of non-involvement in politics, but in Pakistan the Army eroded this tradition by intervening decisively and frequently whereas in India, the principle of civilian supremacy remains intact. Their post-independence development, composition, and relationship with the civilian authority has been markedly different. This had a direct bearing upon the divergent roles of the armies of the two countries. Given the variety of hypotheses that have been suggested as explanations for the contrasting behaviour of the two successor armies of British India, this article would examine several variables and relationships in comparative perspective under two sets of theoretical explanatory variables that are too often kept separate. These are: 1 the internal features of the military establishment1 and 2 the external or environmental variables.2

Multiblock modelling to assess the overall risk factors for a composite outcome

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BOUGEARD ◽  
C. LUPO ◽  
S. Le BOUQUIN ◽  
C. CHAUVIN ◽  
E. M. QANNARI
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Redundancy Analysis ◽  
Complex Disease ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Veterinary Epidemiology

SUMMARYResearch in epidemiology may be concerned with assessing risk factors for complex health issues described by several variables. Moreover, epidemiological data are usually organized in several blocks of variables, consisting of a block of variables to be explained and a large number of explanatory variables organized in meaningful blocks. Usual statistical procedures such as generalized linear models do not allow the explanation of a multivariate outcome, such as a complex disease described by several variables, with a single model. Moreover, it is not easy to take account of the organization of explanatory variables into blocks. Here we propose an innovative method in the multiblock modelling framework, called multiblock redundancy analysis, which is designed to handle most specificities of complex epidemiological data. Overall indices and graphical displays associated with different interpretation levels are proposed. The interest and relevance of multiblock redundancy analysis is illustrated using a dataset pertaining to veterinary epidemiology.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Economic Development of Polish Regions in the Context of the Implementation of the Concept of Sustainable Development - Taxonomic Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Janina Jędrzejczak-Gas ◽  
Anetta Barska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Linear Ordering ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Taxonomic Analysis ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Made In

The aim of the article is to conduct a multidimensional assessment of the diversification of economic development of Polish regions in the context of the progress made in the implementation of the concept of sustainable development in 2010 and 2017. The authors focused primarily on determining the position of Lubusz Province on the economic map of Poland. Given that economic development is a complex category, taxonomic (synthetic) measures developed on the basis of selected methods of multivariate comparative analysis were used in the research. The synthetic measures were constructed using the proposed partial indicators (explanatory variables), which, according to the authors, best illustrate economic development and the idea of sustainable development at regional level. Based on the constructed measures, a linear ordering of Polish regions by level of economic development in the context of the implementation of the concept of sustainable development was made, and the convergence of the orders was examined. In addition, the regions were grouped by level of economic development. Subsequently, the effectiveness of the obtained groupings was evaluated. The research shows that in 2017, compared to 2010, the overall level of economic development in all Polish regions increased. In what concerns Lubusz Province, a conclusion can be made that its position in the overall ranking is improving.Keywords: Linear ordering; Region; Sustainable development; Economic development; Polish regions

scholarly journals Using HJ-Biplot and External Logistic Biplot as Machine Learning Methods for Corporate Social Responsibility Practices for Sustainable Development

Mathematics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (20) ◽  
pp. 2572
Author(s):  
Joel A. Martínez-Regalado ◽  
Cinthia Leonora Murillo-Avalos ◽  
Purificación Vicente-Galindo ◽  
Mónica Jiménez-Hernández ◽  
José Luis Vicente-Villardón
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Decent Work ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Mathematical Techniques ◽  
Corporate Social

In recent years, social responsibility has been revolutionizing sustainable development. After the development of new mathematical techniques, the improvement of computers’ processing capacity and the greater availability of possible explanatory variables, the analysis of these topics is moving towards the use of different machine learning techniques. However, within the field of machine learning, the use of Biplot techniques is little known for these analyses. For this reason, in this paper we explore the performance of two of the most popular techniques in multivariate statistics: External Logistic Biplot and the HJ-Biplot, to analyse the data structure in social responsibility studies. The results obtained from the sample of companies representing the Fortune Global 500 list indicate that the most frequently reported indicators are related to the social aspects are labour practices and decent work and society. On the contrary, the disclosure of indicators is less frequently related to human rights and product responsibility. Additionally, we have identified the countries and sectors with the highest CSR in social matters. We discovered that both machine learning algorithms are extremely competitive and practical to apply in CSR since they are simple to implement and work well with relatively big datasets.

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