Countering Fake News

2022 ◽  
pp. 411-421
Author(s):  
P.M. Naushad Ali ◽  
Daud Khan
Keyword(s):  
National Survey ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Voting Decisions ◽  
People’S Attitudes ◽  
Insight Into

The objective of this study is to examine people's attitudes towards fake news and tactics to counter disinformation in India. A national survey through an online questionnaire was conducted through which 200 respondents recruited in the study through snowball sampling technique. The results of the study disclose that more than 90% of the participants perceive that fake news poses a threat, and 78.5% see fake news as harming democracy. Religious harmony and voting decisions are the topmost areas of public life which are mostly targeted by fake news in India. Conspicuously, the top three agents creating and disseminating fake news are politicians, political parties, and journalists. The study's findings provide an insight into countering fake news in India. This study is useful to government agencies in formulating policies related to fake news.

Intimate Partner Violence and its Mental Health Implications Amid COVID-19 Lockdown: Findings Among Nigerian Couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Margaret Isioma Ojeahere ◽  
Sahmicit Kankemwa Kumswa ◽  
Frances Adiukwu ◽  
Janet Punyit Plang ◽  
Yetunde Folake Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Implications

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a global health problem with increasing mental health consequences. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria, couples were compelled to spend more time together, regardless of their pre-existing challenges. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of IPV, its forms, and mental health implications among Nigerian households amid the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study was implemented which used the snowball sampling technique to recruit 474 participants across 31 states in Nigeria. A semi-structured online questionnaire was distributed using the WhatsApp platform. The relationship between IPV, its forms, and associated factors were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression with significant value at p ≤ .05 and confidence interval of 95%. Majority (98.1%) of the participants had at least a college degree and 90.1% were employed. Overall prevalence of IPV ranged from 7.2% to 13.5%. Using the lockdown as the landmark, higher prevalence was found before than during the lockdown across physical, emotional, financial, and sexual forms of IPV. Emotional form had the highest prevalence both before and during the lockdown with 11.4% and 3.8% respectively. Furthermore, 22.6% of participants reported that the lockdown affected their mental health. Hopelessness, feelings of failure, being irritable, and constantly under strain were psychological symptoms significantly associated with IPV amid the lockdown. Decreased prevalence of IPV were found in the early phase of the pandemic, suggesting that couples can experience less partner violence during periods of confinement. Our study supports existing evidence that forms of IPV have negative mental health consequences on abused partners.

scholarly journals Peran E-Service Quality, Kemudahan, Kepuasan dalam Membentuk Niat Beli Ulang Konsumen Lazada

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1247
Author(s):  
Dhimas Bagus Dwicahyanto
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Repurchase Intention ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Lazada is a market leader of e-commerce in Shout-East Asia. This study aims to analyze and discuss the effect of the e-service quality and eases on the repurchase intention through satisfaction. This study uses college students aged 18-25 years as respondents, which have purchased Lazada at least once, and their last purchase is in the last one month. The sampling method is non-probability sampling using a snowball sampling technique. The number of samples is 220 respondents. Data were collected by an online questionnaire and analyzed using AMOS. The result of this study indicates that e-service quality and ease have a significant effect on satisfaction and repurchase intention.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Financial Literacy, Financial Knowledge, Financial Attitude, Income dan Financial Self Efficacy terhadap Financial Management Behavior Entrepreneur Lulusan Perguruan Tinggi di Surabaya

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Anglia Dinda Pramedi ◽  
Nadia Asandimitra Haryono
Keyword(s):  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Financial Knowledge ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Management Behavior

Finance is one of the factors in the development of a business. Therefore, the entrepreneur should be able to handle finances well to reach business purposes. Based on the previous studies, the purpose of this research is to determine the effect of several factors such as financial literacy, financial knowledge, financial attitude, income, and financial self-efficacy on financial management behavior. The research sample is 211 entrepreneur who has graduated from college in Surabaya. This research used conclusive causality research with primary data. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and snowball sampling method, and data distribution using an online questionnaire. SEM (Structural Equation Model) used for data analysis technique and using AMOS 24. The hypothesis showed that financial knowledge, income, and financial self-efficacy did not affect financial management behavior, but financial literacy and financial attitude influence financial management behavior. Therefore, the entrepreneur needs to improve financial literacy and financial attitude to manage finance on the business better.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 is Affecting Apprentices

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Shamaila Hassnain ◽  
Naureen Omar
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Coronavirus induced disease (COVID-19) is affecting people all around the world. The rising number of deaths due to COVID-19 is not only harassing people but also causing strong emotions in adults as well as in children due to anxiety, fear and stress. The objective of this study was to assess the fears, anxiety and stress due to COVID-19 pandemic and related issues among the apprentices at various levels in different parts of world. <strong>Methods: </strong>It was a cross sectional survey design to assess the students/trainee&rsquo;s immediate psychological response during COVID-19 outbreak by using an anonymous online questionnaire. A snowball sampling technique was conducted focusing general public all around the world from 3rd April 2020 till 7th April 2020. A total of N=354 participants filled the form completely. The structured questionnaire collected information on demographic data and psychological aspect of this outbreak, including extreme fear and uncertainty. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of N = 354 participants completed the questionnaire; majority were from the age group of 21&ndash;30 years. Approximately 66.4% were females and 33.6% males. Participants from Asia were 83.6% while 9.9%, 3.4%, 2.8% and 1% from America/Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia respectively. Out of n = 354 participants 59.3% were relying on health professionals for authentic source of information regarding COVID-19 while 16.4%, 15% and 5.4% considered social media, television and World Health Organization (WHO) website respectively as their authentic guide. Out of the (n = 354) participants 80.5% were afraid about health status during COVID-19 most predominantly females (66.3%) (P = 0.000). A total of 65.8% participants felt agitated or irritated in this outbreak. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> COVID-19 lockdowns are affecting both physical and mental health of students and apprentices enrolled at different levels of education. Females are more affected and concerned to their loved ones and themselves. Working norms are being maintained and responsibilities are being fulfilled despite this grave situation.</p>

scholarly journals The fear of COVID-19 outbreak among health care professionals in Gaza Strip, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110229
Author(s):  
Ameer Khalil Shehada ◽  
Ahmed Hassan Albelbeisi ◽  
Ali Albelbeisi ◽  
Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi ◽  
Amany El Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals, particularly among healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 among different healthcare professionals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods: A cross-sectional, snowball sampling technique and an online questionnaire were employed among healthcare professionals. A total of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The validated fear of COVID-19 Scale Arabic version was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The sample fear mean score was 17.53 ± 5.78; more than half of the study participants (54.3%) consider it as low levels of fear and 45.7% of the participants consider it as high levels of fear. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females, and different healthcare professional’s disciplines. Females have a higher mean score compared to males. The highest fear mean scores were found among Lab-Technicians (20.19 ± 7.42), followed by X-ray-Technicians (17.95 ± 3.96), Nurses (17.1 ± 5.55), and Physicians (16.25 ± 4.66). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 was high among female healthcare professionals compared to males, as well as, among Lab-Technicians compared to Physicians and Nurses. There is a need to establish a strategy to continues measuring the psychological effect of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals especially females.

scholarly journals Physical Activity, Screen Time, and Emotional Wellbeing of Population During COVID-19 Pandemic in Pakistan

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-345
Author(s):  
Shaiza Ijaz ◽  
Shafaq Ismail ◽  
Laiba Fayyaz ◽  
Arfa Ashraf ◽  
Yumnah Razzaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Screen Time ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Emotional Wellbeing ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Background and Objective: The current COVID-19 situation has restrained the movement of individuals along with instilling fear in them. COVIDThis study assesses the level of physical activity, screen time and emotional status of the individuals during the current COVID-19 situation in the population of Pakistan. Methods: The study was carried out in May 2020. The sample size was 385 and the snowball sampling technique was employed. The data was collected through a self-administered online questionnaire and included subjects from all provinces of Pakistan. The form comprised of four parts including socio-demographic details, self-reported screen time as well as SPANE and IPAQ-short form questionnaires. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25. Results: Out of 385 individuals, 89.6% reported inadequate physical activity. Among these, the majority comprised of females (92.3% vs. 80% in males). It was determined that there were higher positive affective scores in males (28.6 ± 8.1) compared to those in females (27.5 ± 7.7). The average sedentary screen time was 7.24 ± 3.76 hours that was maximally reported in the younger age group (19 years and lesser). Moreover, a downward trend of negative affective scores, from vigorous to light physical activity level, was noted.

scholarly journals COVID-19 pandemic fear and anxiety among healthcare professionals in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohra Saleem ◽  
Muhammad Mansoor Majeed ◽  
Sara Rafique ◽  
Zarah Siqqiqui ◽  
Dinaz Ghandhi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fear And Anxiety ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

Abstract During the current pandemic, Pakistan is badly affected. It has exerted great pressure on vigor as well as the psychology of the healthcare professionals. Limited resources, illiteracy, myths, and not following the proper protocol by the general population may have increased the risk for everyone, and anxiety and fear among the frontline healthcare professionals. Anxiety is a common response to any stressful situation and its the fear of the unknown and it may have multiple consequences.In the current study, we attempted to analyze the fear and anxiety among the healthcare professionals of Pakistan.Methodology: An online questionnaire-based survey was performed using a non-probability snowball sampling technique. The questionnaire was validated and comprised of demographics and 10 questions regarding fear and anxiety as per fear of coronavirus-19 scale (FCV-19S). SPSS 21 was used for data analysis.Data of 404 participants analyzed. A significant difference between gender, age group, and the profession was found (p<0.05). Out of 404 participants, 322 (79.70%) were considered to have high and severe anxiety (p=0.020). Based on the results anxiety was reported higher among the nurses and in females. A significant relationship was observed between fear and anxiety score and the different healthcare professionals with p value< 0.001 (Multilinear regression).Concerning the high occurrence of anxiety and fear among healthcare professionals appropriate psychological/psychiatric intervention necessitates and emphasizes the need to implement urgent measures.

scholarly journals The Socio-Economic Implications of the Coronavirus Pandemic (COVID-19): A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8-17
Author(s):  
H Manjula Bai
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
The People ◽  
Investment Level ◽  
The Government

This paper is designed to study the area of the role of Government. They play a meaningful role in the socio-economic transformation of the society from the implication of the coronavirus pandemic. For the study, an online questionnaire was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire using a non-probability snowball sampling technique; the researcher has collected responses from- 100respondents. The study covers different aspects concerning socio-economic status, barriers in improving the income level, GDP level, consumption level, and Investment level of the people and whether the Government is significant in improving the standards of the people post the pandemic. All categories of people who are affected by this pandemic were surveyed by using Google forms and the extent of improvement after the pandemic in their social and economic status is studied. A small endeavor has been made to understand the stress and anxiety of the people during this pandemic and also how the Government will help in the transformation of society.

scholarly journals ACCEPTANCE AND ATTITUDE TOWARD COVID-19 VACCINATION: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY FROM UDAIPUR DISTRICT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (03) ◽  
pp. 621-628
Author(s):  
Sandeep Garg ◽  
◽  
S.R. Gajendra Singh ◽  
Sunil Kumar Tailor ◽  
Amar C. Yadav ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Efficacy Trial ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Structured Questionnaire ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

The Covid-19 pandemic is expected to continue to impose enormous burdens of morbidity and mortality while severely disrupting societies and economies worldwide.A vaccine provides the best hope for a permanent solution to controlling the pandemic. However, to be effective, a vaccine must be accepted and used by a large majority of the population. Aim:The aim of this study was to understand the acceptence and attitudes towards Covid-19 vaccination. Methodology: The current study used a cross-sectional design based on an online questionnaire. 944 responses were selected by non-probability snowball sampling technique The samples were including public of Udaipur district residents during the rapid rise period of the Covid-19 outbreak.An online structured questionnaire was developed by using Google forms, with a consent form appended to it. Three point likert scale (Agree, Not sure, and Disagree) consist of total 16 statements were prepared to assess attitude towards COVID-19 vaccination. Frequency and percentage distribution was used to present the data. Results:Resultsindicated that overall acceptance of Covid-19 vaccine in that majority of participant (N=750, Percentage=80.5%) would accept Covid-19 vaccine, whereas 3.4% particepant(N=32) would not accept Covid-19 vaccine and remaining 16.1% participants (N=152)were neutral to get vaccine.In addition, Male particepants(N=580) were more likely to accept Covid-19vaccines compared tofemalesparticepant (N=180).Majority of the participants (N=660, Precentage=69.9%) were agreed that the covid-19 vaccine is safe to receive, 64.4% respondents (N=608) were agreed that Covid-19 Vaccine undergoes enough safety and efficacy trial. Conclusion:It is concluded that acceptence towards covid-19 vaccination is high. They beleived that vaccine is safe and they will recommended to their family members also.Government effort should be made to fast distribute Covid-19 Vaccination.

scholarly journals Insight Into The Lives Of Female Nurses In Lahore: An In Depth Analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-163
Author(s):  
Lubna Karim Naz ◽  
Umar Rafique
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Public Sector Hospital ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Common ◽  
Female Nurses ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Present study aims to understand the life of female nurses working in public sector hospitals in Pakistan. An effort is being made to collect maximum amount of information about the nurses’ lives. This study is conducted in one of the largest public sector hospital in Lahore. Snowball sampling technique has been adopted for collecting data from the nurses. 20 in depth interviews have been conducted. This qualitative data has been analyzed by the Hesse-Biber & leavy (2006) technique for conducting a rigorous analysis of the data. Three categories were emerged in the collected data. Life at hospital, Societal Response toward nurses and views about government policies. Toughness of job, issues of harassment, low salaries, daunting respect and honor, Issues in marriage prospects, lack of any service structure were the common themes under these categories. This study has immense importance as it has added more in existing knowledge about the nurses’ lives. Present study reveals other issues of their lives as well other than harassment issues. Recommendations were being made to improve the lives of nurses.

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