Harnessing the Complexity of Innovation

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ton Jörg ◽  
Stephanie Akkaoui Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The Individual ◽  
New Framework

The concept of innovation is hard to define and, consequently, difficult to put into practice. It is argued that the actual complexity of innovation is too much taken for granted. In this article the focus is on analyzing the very complexity of innovation, its dynamics and potential for practice. Innovation is taken as linked to creativity, by the processes of learning, thinking and knowing. Henceforth the complex dynamics of innovation is a time-related process. The ensemble of two partners and their interaction is the basic dynamic unit for innovation. Modeling this unit within the new framework of complexity shows innovation to be a (self-) generative kind of process, depending on the context with its conditions. These may be called “the conditions of possibility for innovation”. These conditions, which are closely linked to facilitating the quality of interaction and relationships between the partners in interaction, within a community of interaction, may be shown to unravel innovation as a nonlinear generative process with potential nonlinear effects over time. Innovation is shown to be a complex process at both the individual and the collective level. The complexity perspective taken here shows the new way of thinking in complexity about the complex nature of innovation. Organizing complexity is the key for generating potential nonlinear effects of learning, thinking and knowing as emergent effects, thriving on human interaction. So, innovation is thriving on complexity, which, in turn, is thriving on interaction within generative relationships in communities of interaction. To describe how complexity may be ‘at work’ in organizations, and to organize it in a more successful way, a different framing of complexity and a corresponding new language of complexity is urgently needed, to turn complexity into effective complexity within complex organizations.

Efficient Consideration of Contact in Compliant Assembly Variation Analysis

2008 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Georg Ungemach ◽  
Frank Mantwill
Keyword(s):  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Tolerance Analysis ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Variation Analysis ◽  
Compliant Assembly ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Geometric Deviations ◽  
Statistical Tolerance ◽  
The Individual

The geometric deviations of real parts pose a major challenge, particularly in the extensively automated mass production of complex assemblies. To meet this challenge, an attempt is made, with the aid of statistical tolerance analysis, to predict dimensional accuracy for various assembly concepts as precisely as possible depending on the individual part tolerances. Most recent developments enable consideration to be given to the deformability of the parts during joining in order to improve the prognostic quality of simulation. The methods that are employed reveal deficits if nonlinear effects such as contact, extensive deformations, or material inelasticities occur. In this work, contact between or with adjacent parts during joining will be investigated, and an efficient and reliable method, which can be unproblematically integrated into existing compliant assembly variation analysis programs, will be developed. To achieve this, the methods of springback calculation according to Liu et al. (1995, “Variation Simulation for Deformable Sheet Metal Assemblies Using Mechanistic Models,” Trans. NAMRI/SME, 23, pp. 235–241) have been extended and coupled with numerical contact mechanics methods in order to realistically portray the problem, which usually involves intensive computing, with a minimum of additional effort. The method that has been developed will be validated on the basis of two examples with the aid of nonlinear finite element analyses, the results of which can be regarded as state-of-the-art in mechanical problems involving contact. The quality of the results reveals that this method improves the quality of prognosis for a wide range of applications and, consequently, that production problems can be combated during an early development phase.

The Assurance of the Quality of Social Services Through Supervision or Accreditation and Possible Ethical Dilemmas

2018 ◽  
pp. 236-259
Author(s):  
Svetlana Haraz ◽  
Teodor Vicol
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Services ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Social Autonomy

The profession of social work promotes the social change, the resolution or diminution of social problems and contribution to the development of social autonomy of the individual in order to increase his/her welfare. One of the most efficient ways of professional improvement of social workers is represented by implementing a complex process of supervision which involve the analysis and observance of the whole activity of social work. In this context, the accreditation of the providers of social services is the identification of their capacity to provide qualitative social services to people and to increase the responsibility for respecting the minimal standards of quality, regardless the type of property, legal form of organization and administrative subordination. In this work, we will present the experience of the Republic of Moldova in the development of the mechanism of supervision in the context of social services integrated and the process of accreditation of the providers of social services.

Personalized inhaled therapy in obstructive diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 488-490
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Górska
Keyword(s):  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Inhalation Therapy ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Individual Assessment ◽  
Complex Process ◽  
Inhaled Therapy ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of

Inhalation therapy has revolutionized the care of patients with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The choice of the inhaler is based on the cooperation of the doctor and the patient, it is not only the selection of the drug and dose, but a complex process based on the individual assessment of the patient – symptoms, manual abilities and compliance. An important aspect is the quality of the inhaler, good experience with it, but also ease of use. It seems that for the benefit of the patient and to respect the choice of the physician, the pharmacist should not suggest replacing medications in inhaled formulas.

Semi-automated methods for 3-D reconstruction of macromolecular complexes

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 42-43
Author(s):  
B. Carragher ◽  
M. Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Macromolecular Complexes ◽  
Symmetry Properties ◽  
Dimensional Reconstruction ◽  
Experienced Operator ◽  
Projection Images ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Natural Symmetry

Techniques for three-dimensional reconstruction of macromolecular complexes from electron micrographs have been successfully used for many years. These include methods which take advantage of the natural symmetry properties of the structure (for example helical or icosahedral) as well as those that use single axis or other tilting geometries to reconstruct from a set of projection images. These techniques have traditionally relied on a very experienced operator to manually perform the often numerous and time consuming steps required to obtain the final reconstruction. While the guidance and oversight of an experienced and critical operator will always be an essential component of these techniques, recent advances in computer technology, microprocessor controlled microscopes and the availability of high quality CCD cameras have provided the means to automate many of the individual steps.During the acquisition of data automation provides benefits not only in terms of convenience and time saving but also in circumstances where manual procedures limit the quality of the final reconstruction.

Manageable Self in the Early Hellenistic Era

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-36
Author(s):  
Vaia Touna
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Ancient Greece ◽  
The Self ◽  
Hellenistic Period ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
The Individual

This paper argues that the rise of what is commonly termed "personal religion" during the Classic-Hellenistic period is not the result of an inner need or even quality of the self, as often argued by those who see in ancient Greece foreshadowing of Christianity, but rather was the result of social, economic, and political conditions that made it possible for Hellenistic Greeks to redefine the perception of the individual and its relationship to others.

Reflecting the Sky in Water

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilaria Cristofaro
Keyword(s):  
The Unconscious ◽  
Related Case ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Fluid Properties ◽  
Phenomenological Perspective ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Artificial Water ◽  
Land Water

From a phenomenological perspective, the reflective quality of water has a visually dramatic impact, especially when combined with the light of celestial phenomena. However, the possible presence of water as a means for reflecting the sky is often undervalued when interpreting archaeoastronomical sites. From artificial water spaces, such as ditches, huacas and wells to natural ones such as rivers, lakes and puddles, water spaces add a layer of interacting reflections to landscapes. In the cosmological understanding of skyscapes and waterscapes, a cross-cultural metaphorical association between water spaces and the underworld is often revealed. In this research, water-skyscapes are explored through the practice of auto-ethnography and reflexive phenomenology. The mirroring of the sky in water opens up themes such as the continuity, delimitation and manipulation of sky phenomena on land: water spaces act as a continuation of the sky on earth; depending on water spaces’ spatial extension, selected celestial phenomena can be periodically reflected within architectures, so as to make the heavenly dimension easily accessible and a possible object of manipulation. Water-skyscapes appear as specular worlds, where water spaces are assumed to be doorways to the inner reality of the unconscious. The fluid properties of water have the visual effect of dissipating borders, of merging shapes, and, therefore, of dissolving identities; in the inner landscape, this process may represent symbolic death experiences and rituals of initiation, where the annihilation of the individual allows the creative process of a new life cycle. These contextually generalisable results aim to inspire new perspectives on sky-and-water related case studies and give value to the practice of reflexive phenomenology as crucial method of research.

QUALITY OF INDIVIDUAL AND GROUP LEVEL INTERVENTIONS FOR FIRST EPISODE PSYCHOSIS AT THE TERTIARY PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN UGANDA.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Kiiza Mwesiga ◽  
Noeline Nakasujja ◽  
Lawrence Nankaba ◽  
Juliet Nakku ◽  
Seggane Musisi
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospital ◽  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
First Episode Psychosis ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Group Level ◽  
Group Interventions ◽  
Episode Psychosis ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Individual and group level interventions have the largest effect on outcomes in patients with the first episode of psychosis. The quality of these individual and group level interventions provided to first-episode psychosis patients in Uganda is unclear.Methods: The study was performed at Butabika National Psychiatric Teaching and referral hospital in Uganda. A retrospective chart review of recently discharged adult in-patients with the first episode of psychosis was first performed to determine the proportion of participants who received the different essential components for individual and group level interventions. From the different proportions, the quality of the services across the individual and group interventions was determined using the first-Episode Psychosis Services Fidelity Scale (FEPS-FS). The FEPS-FS assigns a grade of 1-5 on a Likert scale depending on the proportion of patients received the different components of the intervention. Results: The final sample included 156 first-episode psychosis patients. The median age was 27 years [IOR (24-36)] with 55% of participants of the female gender. 13 essential components across the individual and group interventions were assessed and their quality quantified. All 13 essential components had poor quality with the range of scores on the FEPS-FS of 1-3. Only one essential component assessed (use of single antipsychotics) had moderate quality.Discussion: Among current services at the National psychiatric hospital of Uganda, the essential for individual and group level interventions for psychotic disorders are of low quality. Further studies are required on how the quality of these interventions can be improved.

THE VALUE OF LOVE IN THE SYSTEM OF FORMATION OF THE PROFESSIONAL MATURITY OF THE EDUCATOR

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10(79)) ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
G. Bubyreva
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

The existing legislation determines the education as "an integral and focused process of teaching and upbringing, which represents a socially important value and shall be implemented so as to meet the interests of the individual, the family, the society and the state". However, even in this part, the meaning of the notion ‘socially significant benefit is not specified and allows for a wide range of interpretation [2]. Yet the more inconcrete is the answer to the question – "who and how should determine the interests of the individual, the family and even the state?" The national doctrine of education in the Russian Federation, which determined the goals of teaching and upbringing, the ways to attain them by means of the state policy regulating the field of education, the target achievements of the development of the educational system for the period up to 2025, approved by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of October 4, 2000 #751, was abrogated by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of March 29, 2014 #245 [7]. The new doctrine has not been developed so far. The RAE Academician A.B. Khutorsky believes that the absence of the national doctrine of education presents a threat to national security and a violation of the right of citizens to quality education. Accordingly, the teacher has to solve the problem of achieving the harmony of interests of the individual, the family, the society and the government on their own, which, however, judging by the officially published results, is the task that exceeds the abilities of the participants of the educational process.  The particular concern about the results of the patriotic upbringing served as a basis for the legislative initiative of the RF President V. V. Putin, who introduced the project of an amendment to the Law of RF "About Education of the Russian Federation" to the State Duma in 2020, regarding the quality of patriotic upbringing [3]. Patriotism, considered by the President of RF V. V. Putin as the only possible idea to unite the nation is "THE FEELING OF LOVE OF THE MOTHERLAND" and the readiness for every sacrifice and heroic deed for the sake of the interests of your Motherland. However, the practicing educators experience shortfalls in efficient methodologies of patriotic upbringing, which should let them bring up citizens, loving their Motherland more than themselves. The article is dedicated to solution to this problem based on the Value-sense paradigm of upbringing educational dynasty of the Kurbatovs [15].

A Human/Computer Learning Network to Improve Biodiversity Conservation and Research

AI Magazine ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kelling ◽  
Jeff Gerbracht ◽  
Daniel Fink ◽  
Carl Lagoze ◽  
Weng-Keen Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Feedback Loop ◽  
Human Computation ◽  
Computational Power ◽  
Learning Networks ◽  
Learning Network ◽  
Computer Learning ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Citizen Science Project

In this paper we describe eBird, a citizen-science project that takes advantage of the human observational capacity to identify birds to species, which is then used to accurately represent patterns of bird occurrences across broad spatial and temporal extents. eBird employs artificial intelligence techniques such as machine learning to improve data quality by taking advantage of the synergies between human computation and mechanical computation. We call this a Human-Computer Learning Network, whose core is an active learning feedback loop between humans and machines that dramatically improves the quality of both, and thereby continually improves the effectiveness of the network as a whole. In this paper we explore how Human-Computer Learning Networks can leverage the contributions of a broad recruitment of human observers and processes their contributed data with Artificial Intelligence algorithms leading to a computational power that far exceeds the sum of the individual parts.

Quality-of-Life Measurement in Advanced Cancer: Assessing the Individual

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3603-3611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dympna Waldron ◽  
Ciaran A. O'Boyle ◽  
Michael Kearney ◽  
Michael Moriarty ◽  
Desmond Carney
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Internal Validity ◽  
Semistructured Interview ◽  
Incurable Cancer ◽  
Life Measurement ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Very High

PURPOSE: Despite the increasing importance of assessing quality of life (QoL) in patients with advanced cancer, relatively little is known about individual patient's perceptions of the issues contributing to their QoL. The Schedule for the Evaluation of Individual Quality of Life (SEIQoL) and the shorter SEIQoL–Direct Weighting (SEIQoL-DW) assess individualized QoL using a semistructured interview technique. Here we report findings from the first administration of the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW to patients with advanced incurable cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: QoL was assessed on a single occasion using the SEIQoL and SEIQoL-DW in 80 patients with advanced incurable cancer. RESULTS: All patients were able to complete the SEIQoL-DW, and 78% completed the SEIQoL. Of a possible score of 100, the median QoL global score was as follows: SEIQoL, 61 (range, 24 to 94); SEIQoL-DW, 60.5 (range, 6 to 95). Psychometric data for SEIQoL indicated very high levels of internal consistency (median r = .90) and internal validity (median R2 = 0.88). Patients' judgments of their QoL were unique to the individual. Family concerns were almost universally rated as more important than health, the difference being significant when measured using the SEIQoL-DW (P = .002). CONCLUSION: Patients with advanced incurable cancer were very good judges of their QoL, and many patients rated their QoL as good. Judgments were highly individual, with very high levels of consistency and validity. The primacy given to health in many QoL questionnaires may be questioned in this population. The implications of these findings are discussed with regard to clinical assessment and advance directives.

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