scholarly journals Evaluation of non-carcass components of goat grazing in Caatinga rangeland supplemented with spineless cactus and native plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e48225
Author(s):  
Dulciene Karla de Andrade Silva ◽  
Fábia Simone Bezerra Cordeiro ◽  
Daniel Barros Cardoso ◽  
André Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães ◽  
Airon Aparecido Silva de Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Goat Grazing ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Omental Fat

The objective of this study was to evaluate non-carcass components of goats submitted to grazing in the Caatinga rangeland and supplemented with spineless cactus (Nopalea cochelinifera Salm Dick), Jitirana hay (Merremia aegyptia L. Urban) and Mororó hay (Bauhinia cheilanta Bong Stend). Thirty male goats (castrated), with no defined breed, with an initial mean body weight of 19 ± 0.35 kg and approximately 90 days of age were used. The treatments consisted of grazing without supplementation (GWS), grazing + Jitirana hay (GJ); grazing + Jitirana hay + spineless cactus (GJSC); grazing + Mororó hay (GM); grazing + Mororó hay + spineless cactus (GMSC). The means of the variables were tested by Tukey's test at 5% probability. The goats fed GWS, GJSC, GM and GMSC presented higher weights and yields of the diaphragm, and the spleen weight (p < 0.05). The highest yield of omasum (p < 0.05) occurred with goats fed GJ treatment. There were treatments (p < 0.05) on omental fat weight and leg yield, with the highest values for goats, fed GWS, GJSC, GM, and GMSC. The "Buchada" EBW-1 yield was higher (p < 0.05) for animals fed GWS. Feeding supplementation of goats grazing in the Caatinga had few influences on weights and yields of non-carcass components.

scholarly journals Co-Therapy of Pegylated G-CSF and Ghrelin for Enhancing Survival After Exposure to Lethal Radiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliann G. Kiang ◽  
Min Zhai ◽  
Bin Lin ◽  
Joan T. Smith ◽  
Marsha N. Anderson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Bone Marrow Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Photon Radiation ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Marrow Cells

Exposure to ionizing radiation (radiation injury, RI) in nuclear-related episode is evident to be life-threatening. RI occurs at levels of organs, tissues, cytosols, or nucleus. Their mechanisms are still not fully understood. FDA approves pegylated granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Neulasta™, Peg-G-CSF) for acute hematopoietic syndrome and has been shown to save lives after lethal RI. We aimed to test whether Ghrelin enhanced Peg-G-CSF’s efficacy to save more lives after lethal RI. B6D2F1/J female mice were used for the study. They received 9.5 Gy (LD50/30 at 0.4 Gy/min) emitted from the 60Co-γ-photon radiation facility. Peg-G-CSF was injected subcutaneously at 1 mg/kg once on days 1, 8, and 15 after irradiation. Ghrelin contains 28 amino acid and is a hunger peptide that has been shown to stimulate food intake, promote intestinal epithelial cell proliferation, elevates immunity, inhibits brain hemorrhage, and increases stress-coping. Ghrelin was injected subcutaneously at 113 μg/kg once on days 1, 2, and 3 after irradiation. Survival, body weight, water consumption, hematology, spleen weight, splenocytes, bone marrow cells, and histology of bone marrow and ileum were performed. We observed that radiation resulted in 30-days survival by 30%. RI decreased their body weights and water consumption volumes. On the 30th day post-RI, platelets and WBCs such as basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and leukocytes were still significantly decreased in surviving mice. Likewise, their RBC, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and splenocytes remained low; splenomegaly was found in these mice. Bone marrow in surviving RI animals maintained low cellularity with high counts of fat cells and low counts of megakaryocytes. Meanwhile, ileum histology displayed injury. However, mice co-treated with both drugs 24 h after RI resulted in 30-days survival by 45% above the vehicle group. Additionally, the body-weight loss was mitigated, the acute radiation syndrome was reduced. This co-therapy significantly increased neutrophils, eosinophils, leukocytes, and platelets in circulation, inhibited splenomegaly, and increased bone marrow cells. Histopathological analysis showed significant improvement on bone marrow cellularity and ileum morphology. In conclusion, the results provide a proof of concept and suggest that the co-therapy of Peg-G-CSF and Ghrelin is efficacious to ameliorate RI.

The Organophosphate Paraoxon Has No Demonstrable Effect on the Murine Immune System following Subchronic Low Dose Exposure

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Fernandez-Cabezudo ◽  
S. Azimullah ◽  
S.M. Nurulain ◽  
M. Mechkarska ◽  
D.E. Lorke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Immunological Parameters ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Significant Difference

Paraoxon is the bioactive metabolite of the organophosphate pesticide parathion. Desulphuration of parathion by liver enzymes or sunlight results in the formation of paraoxon which inhibits acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. In the present study, we analyzed the effect of a 6-week, subchronic treatment with two different daily intraperitoneal doses (30 or 40 nmol) of paraoxon on the immune system of BALB/c mice. At a dose of 30 nmol/day, body weight of treated animals was unchanged compared to the controls. In contrast, the higher dose (40 nmol/day) induced a reduction in body growth, particularly in the first 3 weeks of treatment, peaking at week 2 when the saline group showed a 14.2-fold increase in body weight gain compared to paraoxon-treated animals. Moreover, mice treated with either dose of paraoxon had a >50% reduction in AChE activity during the first 3 weeks of treatment, but by the end of the treatment (week 6), AChE activity returned to normal. With regard to immunological parameters, there was no significant difference in either total spleen weight or in the ratios of various spleen cell populations between control and paraoxon-treated animals. Furthermore, no changes were observed in mitogen-induced cytokine secretion from splenocytes of paraoxon-treated mice. Finally, subchronic exposure to paraoxon did not alter mortality of mice exposed to a bacterial infection with Salmonella typhimurium. These data suggest that although subchronic exposure to paraoxon induced a transient inhibition in AChE activity, it had no demonstrable effect on the host immune system.

scholarly journals Jiaweishaoyao Decoction Alleviates DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis via Inhibiting Inflammation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Huixia Qiao ◽  
Yahui Huang ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Long Yang ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Histopathological Score

Purpose. Jiaweishaoyao decoction (JWSYD) is a traditional prescription of Chinese medicine that is initially used for the treatment of diarrhea. This study is aimed at investigating the effects of JWSYD on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods. DSS-induced UC mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells were used as the UC model in vivo and in vitro. UC was assessed by body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, spleen weight, and histopathological score (HE staining). The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were analyzed by ELISA and qRT-PCR. The levels of NLRP3 inflammasome- and NF-κB pathway-associated proteins were measured by western blot. Results. JWSYD alleviated DSS-induced UC in respect to body weight, DAI, colon length, spleen weight, and histopathological score. JWSYD reduced the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 in DSS-induced UC mice and the supernatants of LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. JWSYD suppressed the protein levels of inflammasome-associated proteins, including NLRP3, ASC1, Procaspase-1, Cleaved caspase-1, and Cleaved IL-1β in DSS-induced UC mice and LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. In addition, JWSYD suppressed the NF-κB pathway in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion. JWSYD alleviated DSS-induced UC via inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome and NF-κB pathway.

scholarly journals Behaviour and growth performance of low-birth-weight piglets cross-fostered in multiparous sows with piglets of higher birth weights

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.P. Souza ◽  
H.C.C. Fries ◽  
G. Heim ◽  
J.E. Faccin ◽  
L.F. Hernig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
The Other ◽  
Higher Weights ◽  
Similar Body

The aim of the study was to evaluate the behaviour, pre-weaning survival rate and growth performance of low birth weight (BW) piglets cross-fostered with piglets of higher weights. Piglets were transferred to 60 foster sows, and divided in three groups (G; n=20): G1- 12 low BW piglets (0.80 - 1.25kg); G2- six low BW piglets and six intermediate BW piglets (1.40 - 1.60kg), and G3- six low BW piglets and six high BW piglets (>1.70kg). For the analysis, groups G2 and G3 were subdivided in LG2 (six G2 light piglets); IG2 (six G2 intermediate piglets), LG3 (six G3 light piglets), and HG3 (six G3 heavy piglets). Behavioural observations were carried out on days 1, 2, 4 and 6 (visual direct observation) and on days 3 and 5 (video recording) after birth. The percentage of missed nursings was higher in LG3 piglets than in LG1, IG2 and HG3 piglets, on days 1 and 2. On day 4, light piglets (LG1, LG2 and LG3) missed more nursings than IG2 and HG3 piglets. On day 3, video recording showed a higher percentage of missed nursings in LG1, LG2, and LG3 piglets as compared to HG3 piglets. On day 1, the number of fights during nursing was higher in IG2 than in LG1 and LG3 piglets. Also on day 1, number of fights and percentage of piglets engaged in fights, during 15min after nursing, were higher in LG1, LG3 and HG3 than in LG2 piglets. More playful behaviours were observed on day 2 in IG2 and HG3 piglets compared to LG1, LG2 and LG3 piglets. Light piglets (LG1, LG2, and LG3) presented similar body weight on days 4, 8, 12 and 16 after birth, regardless of being mixed with piglets of higher weights or not; however, the survival rate until day 16 was most compromised in LG3 piglets compared to the other groups. Despite the lack of influence of littermates' weight on the growth of low BW piglets, their survival rate indicates that they should not be mixed with high BW piglets.

scholarly journals Hepatosplenomegaly caused by an extract of cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa bloom collected in the Manguaba Lagoon, Alagoas - Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zenaldo Porfirio ◽  
Micheline P. Ribeiro ◽  
Cicero S. Estevam ◽  
Ricardo L. S. Houly ◽  
Antonio Euzébio G. Sant'Ana
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Vital Signs ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Made In

Cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa), which produce powerful hepatotoxic cyclopeptides, were collected and submitted to the determination of toxicity through intraperitoneal injections made in 30 and 90 days-old Swiss albino mice. The liver and the spleen were histopathologically analyzed and the weight and vital signs development were monitored. Test of toxicity resulted in a LD50 of 154.28 mg.Kg-1. M. aeruginosa represented 95% of the analyzed biomass. The ratios between liver weight and body weight in the animal inoculated with a single dose were 6.0% and 7.2%, with multi doses 7.0% and 7.5% and in the control animals 4.0% and 5.0%, for adult and young animals, respectively. There was an accentuated increase in the volume and weight of the spleen, and the animals inoculated with a single dose showed a ratio between spleen weight and body weight of 0.67% and 0.37%, with multidoses 1.22% and 1.05% and the control animals the ratio was 0.12% and 0.15%, for adult and young animals, respectively. The young animals inoculated with single and multi doses had an increase of 150% and 407% in the spleen size while the adults increased, 607% and 845%, respectively, in relation to the control. The histopathological analysis showed strong differences in the structure of the hepatic parenchyme in control animals and in those exposed to the M. aeruginosa extract. The main alterations were the congestive aspect, including the sinusoid, and intrahepatic haemorrhagia. The histopathological analysis showed considerable increase in the number of multinuclear giant cells in the spleen of the animals intoxicated by M. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals Effect of the dietary inclusion of the growth promoter avoparcin on the performance and carcass characteristics of growing goat kids

2018 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
V. A. BABIDIS (Β. Μ. ΜΠΑΜΠΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
P. FLOROU-PANERI (Π. ΦΛΩΡΟΥ-ΠΑΝΕΡΗ) ◽  
D. KUFIDIS (Δ. ΚΟΥΦΙΔΗΣ) ◽  
A. B. SPAIS (A.B. ΣΠΑΗΣ)
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Indigenous Goat

A trial was conducted with 32 indigenous goat kids (Capra prisca) 8,5 weeks old to examine the effectiveness of dietary avoparcin as growth promoting factor. The kids were randomly allocated into two groups (control- and avoparcin group with initial mean body weight of 11,61 ±1,16 kg and 11,57±1,47 kg, respectively) comprising of 16 kids (8 male and 8 female) each. For a period of 12 weeks, kids in the control group were given lucerne (alfalfa) hay (mean daily consumption 170 g/head) and an appropriate compound diet (given ad libitum), while kids in the avoparcin group were fed the same diet except that the compound diet was supplemented with avoparcin (20 mg/kg). Avoparcin supplementation significantly (P<0.05) improved final mean body weight by 10.57% (19.24 ± 2.33 kg vs. 17.40 ± 2.30 kg), body weight gain (BWG) by 32.30% (7.66 ± 1.42 kg vs. 5.79 ± 1.74 kg), mean daily feed consumption in dry matter basis (DM) by 14.24% (551.80 ± 31.60 g DM vs. 483.02 ± 28.94 g DM), feed conversion ratio by 13.62% (6.09 ± 0.47 kg DM consumption/kg BWG vs. 7.05 ± 0.56 kg DM consumption/kg BWG) and carcass weight by 14.86% (11.44 ± 1.48 kg vs. 9.96 ± 1.76 kg). Moreover, no significant differences (P>0.05) were noticed neither in carcass yield and carcass chemical composition nor in percentages of small intestine-, major omentum-, lung-,heart-, liver- and spleen weight in the body weight.

Transgenic Expression of Human Platelet FcγRIIA (CD32A) in Mice Does Not Affect the Thrombocytopenia Associated with WASp Deficiency.

Blood ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 108 (11) ◽  
pp. 1106-1106
Author(s):  
Michael P. Marchetti ◽  
Francois Maignen ◽  
Herve Falet
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Platelet Count ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Severe Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Body Weight Ratio ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Normal Platelet

Abstract Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked hematopoietic disorder that is characterized by immune deficiency, eczema and severe thrombocytopenia with small platelets. Platelets isolated from WAS patients are cleared rapidly from the circulation when transfused autologously. However, the role of WASp, the protein mutated or absent in WAS, is unclear since platelets isolated from WAS patients function normally. WASp knockout (KO) mice only have a mild thrombocytopenia. Because 1) human, but not mouse platelets express the Fc receptor for IgGs, FcγRIIA (CD32A), and 2) platelet-associated IgGs (PAIgGs) are often observed in WAS patients, we sought to determine whether FcγRIIA expression in humans was involved in the severe thrombocytopenia associated with WAS. WASp KO mice expressing human FcγRIIA on the surface of their platelets were generated by breeding female mice carriers for WASp deficiency with heterozygous FcγRIIA transgenic (TG) males. A total of 221 offsprings were obtained, of which only 97 were males. WASp KO / FcγRIIA TG males were a minority, with a total of 19 animals, compared to 24 WASp WT / FcγRIIA WT, 30 WASp WT / FcγRIIA TG and 24 WASp KO / FcγRIIA WT males. WASp KO / FcγRIIA WT and WASp KO / FcγRIIA TG males had about 70% of normal platelet count compared to WASp WT / FcγRIIA WT and WASp WT / FcγRIIA TG mice (Table 1). Thus, FcγRIIA expression did not affect the thrombocytopenia associated with WASp deficiency. PAIgGs were not detected on the surface of WASp KO / FcγRIIA TG platelets, as evaluated by flow cytometry using an anti-mouse IgG antibody. Spleen weight was increased in WASp KO / FcγRIIA TG compared to WASp WT / FcγRIIA WT and WASp WT / FcγRIIA TG males, but similar to that of WASp KO / FcγRIIA WT males (Table 1). Age of the mice was not involved since similar results were obtained with 6-, 12- or 24-weeks old mice. However, an increased population of macrophages appeared in the spleen of mice lacking WASp as they aged, as evidenced by flow cytometry using anti-mouse Mac-1 (CD11b) and Gr-1 (Ly-6G) antibodies. Our data indicate that expression of platelet FcγRIIA alone does not explain the difference observed between the severe thrombocytopenia of WAS patients and the mild thrombocytopenia of WASp KO mice. WASp deficiency may affect the surface organization of platelets such that clearance is accelerated by spleen macrophages. Table 1. Platelet count and spleen/body weight ratio in WASp KO / FcγRIIA TG mice relative to controls. WASp WT / FcγRIIA WT WASp WT / FcγRIIA TG WASp KO / FcγRIIA WT WASp KO / FcγRIIA TG Results represent mean ± SD. The statistical analysis was performed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with an adjustment on the spleen/body weight ratio. The family error rate for the multiple comparisons was maintained below 0.05 (Sidak method). Platelet count (× 103/μl) 998 ± 145 963 ± 172 677 ± 147 682 ± 120 p &lt; 10−7 Spleen/body weight ratio (mg/g) 2.9 ± 0.6 2.9 ± 0.5 4.1 ± 1.6 3.8 ± 1.8 p &lt; 0.05 Number of males (adjusted) 31 35 30 30

Reno-, hepato- and splenomegaly of common carp fingerlings (Cyprinus carpio L.) diseased in swimbladder inflammation caused by Sphaerospora renicola Dyková et Lom, 1982

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Al-Samman ◽  
K. Molnár ◽  
Cs. Székely ◽  
J. Reiczigel
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Microscopic Examination ◽  
The Body ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Kidney Liver

The weight of internal organs (swimbladder, kidney, liver, spleen) in relation to the body weight was studied in common carp fingerlings divided into three groups on the basis of swimbladder appearance and microscopic examination of the kidney. The fish had been collected from different Hungarian fish farms at the time when swimbladder inflammation (SBI) usually occurs (in July and August). The first group comprised fish with severe signs of SBI and massive renal sphaerosporosis, the second group consisted of fish with milder swimbladder changes and/or kidney infection by a low number of Sphaerospora renicola, while the third group was constituted by infection-free common carp fry. Statistical analysis of swimbladder, kidney, liver and spleen weight in relation to the body weight revealed that in the infected groups the internal organs were substantially enlarged. This suggests that in common carp fry with SBI the swimbladder changes are accompanied by reno-, hepato- and splenomegaly.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF DIET ON THE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF THE MOUSE TO PNEUMONIA VIRUS OF MICE (PVM)

1949 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
George S. Mirick ◽  
William B. Leftwich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Measurable Difference ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Young Mice

Young mice fed diets deficient in pyridoxine for 8 days or longer before the inoculation of PVM, as well as after inoculation, were more susceptible to infection than control mice fed complete diets. Young mice fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet gained weight as well as controls fed a complete diet for 5 weeks, but they lost weight in the 6th week. The ratio of thymus or spleen weight to body weight was less in mice fed a pyridoxine-deficient diet for 6 weeks than in controls fed a complete diet. Histologically the thymuses and spleens showed hypoplasia. No measurable difference in antibodies against PVM was found in the sera of uninoculated mice fed complete or pyridoxine-deficient diets for 6 weeks.

scholarly journals Total body glucose metabolism in the conscious, unrestrained piglet and its relation to body- and organ weight

1980 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Flecknell ◽  
R. Wootton ◽  
Muriel John
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Clinical Problem ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Brain Weight ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glucose Turnover ◽  
Spleen Weight

1. Neonatal hypoglycaemia is a relatively common clinical problem in children but ethical constraints limit the investigations that may be made in the newborn.2. As a preliminary step to assess the suitability of the piglet as a model for glucose metabolism in man, whole-body glucose turnover and glucose pool size were measured using [2-3H]glucose in forty piglets from ten litters.3. Glucose pool size was linearly related to brain weight. However, multiple regression showed that the most useful predictors of pool size were body-weight and resting plasma glucose concentration.4. Glucose turnover was related to both brain weight and body-weight alone, but multiple regression showed that better predictors of turnover were liver weight, spleen weight and pancreas weight.5. Similarities between our own results in piglets and those obtained in human neonates by Bier et al. (1977) extend not only to glucose turnover, but also to its relationship with body-and brain weight. These findings suggest that the piglet may be a useful model for the study of glucose metabolism in babies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document