scholarly journals Black oat grown with common vetch improves the chemical composition and degradability rate of forage

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. e49951
Author(s):  
Fabiellen Cristina Pereira ◽  
Luiz Carlos Pinheiro Machado Filho ◽  
Daniele Cristina da Silva Kazama ◽  
Roberto Guimarães Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
R Package ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Biting Rate

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cultivating a combination of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) with black oats (Avena strigosa Schreb.) on the chemical composition of forage and the grazing behavior of heifers. To accomplish this, two paddocks 2500m2 each from a Voisin Rational Grazing management system were divided into three blocks each and then into thirds (278m²) characterizing a randomized block design. Three different forage compositions were distributed into these thirds: oats grown alone, vetch grown alone, and oats grown with vetch. Forage samples were collected after 65 days through the square method. Right after collection, three groups of four heifers each grazed the plots for two hours in a 3x3 double Latin Square design for behavioral observation, grazing simulation through the hand-plucking method, and biting rate determination. Forage samples collected either by hand-plucking or the square method, were analyzed for chemical composition and “in vitro” degradability.  Statistical analyses were performed using the R package lme4. Data were evaluated with linear mixed-effects models. The inclusion of common vetch significantly increased forage production and oat protein content, but decreased the fiber content, which promoted better “in vitro” degradability. Grazing frequency was higher in pasture where oats were grown with vetch, but the biting rate was similar in all the three forage compositions evaluated. Forage collected by the square method did not differ from forage consumed by the heifers, probably meaning low herbage selectivity by heifers.  Furthermore, no interaction of investigated variables occurred between forage compositions and the method of collection. The inclusion of common vetch with black oats increased forage chemical composition, “in vitro” degradability, and forage production, thus having positive effects on the time cows spent grazing.

Effect of harvesting stage on cereal and legume forage production in low rainfall regions

1976 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hadjichristodoulou
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Harvesting Stage ◽  
Percentage Protein

SUMMARYThe effect of stage of harvesting on dry-matter (D.M.) yield and chemical composition of barley, wheat and the legumes common vetch (F. sativa), woollypod vetch (F. dasycarpa) and fodder peas (P. sativum) were studied in Cyprus under low rainfall conditions in a series of trials sown in four successive years. Cereals were harvested at the beginning of heading, 50% heading and the milk stage of grain, and legumes at three stages from preflowering to full pod formation, D.M., protein and digestible D.M. yields and percentage D.M. content increased with age, whereas percentage protein content and D.M. digestibility declined. Under moisture stress conditions before and during the harvesting period D.M. yields did not increase significantly with age. Protein content of cereals under low rainfall conditions was higher than that of cereals grown in the U.K. under higher N fertilization levels. Rainfall conditions affected drastically the performance of both cereals and legumes. However, average yields were satisfactory; the barley variety 628 gave 8·98 t/ha, the highest D.M. yield among all cereal and legume varieties.

scholarly journals PRODUCTION AND NUTRITIVE VALUE OF CANARANA ERECTA LISA (Echinocloa piramidalis Lam.) IN RESPONSE TO HARVEST INTERVALS

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Maria de Vasconcelos ◽  
Mauricio Cesio Araujo Dutra ◽  
Robson Mateus Freitas Silveira ◽  
Valdson José da Silva ◽  
Luís Alfredo Pinheiro Leal Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Harvest Intervals

Abstract The objective of this study was to compare and explain the variations in the production and nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa grass (Echinocloa pyramidalis Lam.) at different harvest intervals. The treatments corresponded to the cut intervals of 20, 27, 34, 41, 48, 55, 62, and 69 days. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each experimental unit had 6m2 (3m ×2m). The variables studied included forage production, canopy height, and nutritive value o harvested forage. Forage production varied from 11517 to 12324 kg ha-1; Plant heights from 48.8 to 234 cm; Neutral detergent fiber (NDF) from 68.8% to 71.13%; Acid detergent fiber (ADF) from 36.20% to 44.15%; Crude protein (CP) from 11.43% to 5.85% and in “in vitro” dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) from 63.30% to 47.42%. These values indicated that the nutritive value of canarana erecta lisa was reduced at longer harvest intervals. It is recommended to harvest the grass at 35 days of regrowth favoring productivity, nutritive value and forage digestibility.

scholarly journals Effect of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Synedrella nodiflora (Tropical Weed)

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Suwignyo ◽  
Galih Pawening ◽  
Muhammad Humaidi Haris ◽  
Nafiatul Umami ◽  
Nilo Suseno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Synedrella Nodiflora ◽  
Organic And Inorganic Fertilizers

This study aimed to determine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on the cultivation of tropical weed Synedrella nodiflora as forage. The study was conducted from May to July 2018. The treatments of the research were control (C), organic fertilizer (D) and organic fertilizer + urea (DU), with 3 replications that were arranged on experimental design with a completely randomized design, in a unidirectional pattern and continued with least significant different (LSD). Organic fertilizer dosage in this study was 5 tons/ha, while urea fertilizer was 350 kg/ha, with plant spacing was 45x60 cm. The observed parameters were plant height, forage production and chemical composition (5 weeks after planting). Plant height of C, D and DU were 41.59, 47,42, and 50.59 cm respectively. Forage production of dry matter after 5 weeks planting at C, D and DU were 1.69, 1.70 and 2.91ton/ha, with in vitro digestibility values ranging from 51.68 to 57.70% (IVDMD) and 51.71 to 61.98% (OMD) respectively. The chemical composition of native S. Nodiflora were 12.32% of dry matter (DM), 62.45% TDN count for cattle and 67.42% TDN count for sheep. Based on DM, The organic matter was 84.46%, crude protein 20,11%, crude fiber 13.26%, extract ether 7.77%, and nitrogen free extract 37.08%. The combination of organic fertilizer and urea increased the height and fresh and dry matter production S. nodiflora.

The digestibility and acceptability to sheep of chopped or milled barley straw soaked or sprayed with alkali

1972 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Fernandez Carmona ◽  
J. F. D. Greenhalgh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soya Protein ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Made In

SUMMARYThe main objective of the experiments described was to compare the effects of milling straw and/or soaking or spraying it with sodium hydroxide on its digestibility and acceptability to sheep. Some preliminary trials were made in the laboratory to compare different alkali treatments with respect to losses of organic matter, chemical composition and digestibility in vitro.In a feeding trial of Latin-square design, involving six sheep, the following treatments of barley straw were compared: C, chopped; M, coarsely-milled; OIL, chopped and soaked in 1·5% NaOH (9 g NaOH/100 g straw); CIH, chopped and soaked in 3·0% NaOH (18 g/100 g straw); CS, chopped and sprayed with 16 % NaOH (8 g/100 g straw); MS, milled and sprayed with 16 % NaOH. After treatments OIL and CIH the straw was washed; this caused losses of organic matter of 28 and 32%, respectively. For CS and CM the excess NaOH was neutralized by addition of 7·4 ml propionic acid/100 g straw.The straws were given with supplements of purified soya protein, minerals and vitamins. The digestibility of energy for the straw was (%): C, 40·4; M, 39·1; CIL, 65·0; CIH, 64·4; CS, 57·3; MS, 60·2. Dry-matter intake (g/kg W0·75 per day) was: C, 26·7; M, 36·2; CIL, 37·1; CIH, 44·2; CS, 48·4; MS 53·6.

Agronomic aspects, chemical composition and digestibility of forage from corn-crotalaria intercropping

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
E. S. Jara Galeano ◽  
C. M. Costa ◽  
M. A. P. Orrico Junior ◽  
T. Fernandes ◽  
M. Retore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Forage Plants ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Corn Grain

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different intercropping and spacing arrangements of corn (Zea mays L) and crotalaria (Crotalaria spp) on the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and forage digestibility. The experiment was distributed in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme. The treatments were two cultivation systems (corn + Crotalaria juncea (CCJ) intercropping, and corn + Crotalaria ochroleuca (CCO) intercropping), in two spacing arrangements (A1 (corn and crotalaria sown in the same row) and A2 (corn and crotalaria sown in alternate rows)) plus control (single corn monocropping (CSC)), with six replicates per treatment, for 2 years. Forage plants were harvested when the corn grain reached the doughy-farinaceous phenological stage. Forage mass (total and of each species), morphological composition, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were evaluated. The forage accumulation was higher for the A1 spatial arrangement. In the second year, the highest total forage mass was verified in the CCO intercropping (11 140 kg/ha). The highest corn mass (9402 kg/ha) was observed for CSC. The highest crotalaria mass was observed in the CCJ intercropping in both years. Regarding the chemical composition, CCJ and CCO intercropping had the highest crude protein concentration. The lowest acid detergent fibre concentration was observed in CSC and CCO intercropping, directly reflecting the in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficients. It is concluded that C. ochroleuca, sown between corn rows, had higher forage accumulation and nutritive value among the treatments tested in this experiment.

scholarly journals Comparative Grain Chemical Composition, Ruminal Degradation In Vivo, and Intestinal Digestibility In Vitro of Vicia Sativa L. Varieties Grown on the Tibetan Plateau

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yafeng Huang ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Jeffrey A. Coulter ◽  
Zhixin Zhang ◽  
Zhibiao Nan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
The Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility

Four varieties of common vetch, three improved varieties and one local variety, were evaluated for grain chemical composition, rumen protein degradability, and intestinal protein digestibility over two cropping years on the Tibetan Plateau. This study also examined correlations of grain chemical composition with rumen degradability parameters of grain protein and with intestinal digestibility of grain protein. Results of this study showed that grain quality attributes varied (p < 0.05) among varieties and cropping years. Significant intra-species variation was observed for concentrations (g/kg dry matter) of crude protein (CP; range = 347–374), ether extract (range = 15.8–19.6), neutral detergent fiber (aNDF; range = 201–237), acid detergent fiber (range = 58.2–71.6), ash (range = 27.6–31.0), effective CP degradability (EDCP; range = 732–801 g/kg CP), and intestinally absorbable digestible protein (IADP; range = 136–208 g/kg CP). The relationship between grain chemical composition and IADP was best described by the linear regression equation IADP = –0.828CP + 8.80ash + 0.635aNDF + 70.2 (R2 = 0.891), indicating that chemical analysis offers a quick and reliable method for IADP of common vetch grain. In terms of EDCP and IADP of grain, common vetch varieties, Lanjian No.2 and Lanjian No. 3, have the greatest potential among varieties tested for supplementing ruminant diets when grown on the Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and fatty acid profile of BRS Capiaçu ensiled at different regrowth ages

2021 ◽  
pp. 1981-2004
Author(s):  
Fernando César Ferraz Lopes ◽  
◽  
Mirton José Frota Morenz ◽  
Francisco José da Silva Lédo ◽  
Jailton da Costa Carneiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Quadratic Effects ◽  
Chopped Grass

This study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition and fatty acid (FA) profile of chopped forage and silage of BRS Capiaçu elephant grass at four regrowth ages: 50, 70, 90 and 110 days. A randomized block design with five replications was used. The ensiling was carried out manually in experimental silos without wilting using no additives or bacterial inoculants. The results were analyzed using mixed models (P < 0.05). The model included treatment (regrowth age) as a fixed effect and block as a random effect. Linear and quadratic effects of the treatments were analyzed using orthogonal contrasts. There were linear increases in the dry matter (DM, g kg-1) and lignin (g kg-1 DM) contents and linear reductions in the in vitro DM digestibility (g kg-1) of chopped grass and silage as a function of regrowth age (P < 0.001). Quadratic effects (P ≤ 0.01) were observed for the chopped grass contents (g kg-1 DM) of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) as a function of regrowth age. There were linear decreases (P < 0.0001) in the CP content (g kg-1 DM) and pH and linear increases (P < 0.001) in the EE and NDF contents (g kg-1 DM) in the silage as a function of regrowth age. There were linear decreases (P < 0.01) in the chopped grass contents and linear increases (P < 0.05) in the silage contents of total FAs, linoleic and α-linolenic acids (g kg-1 DM) asa function of regrowth age. BRS Capiaçu elephant grass must be harvested at up to 70 days of regrowth to obtain forage with good nutritional value and the highest levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids (g kg-1 DM). To produce silages with adequate pH values and the highest levels of linoleic and α-linolenic acids (g kg-1 DM), BRS Capiaçu must be harvested between 90 and 110 days of regrowth.

scholarly journals Ensiling on chemical composition and in vitro fermentation in rabbits of different forages

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Angeles Hernandez ◽  
Karla Ivonne Valdes Medina ◽  
Amelia Zetina Sanchez ◽  
Octavio Alonso Castelan Ortega ◽  
Andres Morales Osorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Common Vetch ◽  
In Vitro Fermentation ◽  
Gas Fermentation ◽  
Randomized Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter Degradation ◽  
Barley Silage

ABSTRACT: The effect of chemical composition of silages on in vitro gas fermentation profiles in rabbits was examined. The study was performed using 7 silages: beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), faba bean (FB, Vicia faba), common vetch (CV, Vicia sativa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), barley (B, Hordeum vulgare), barley with common vetch (BCV) and barley with faba bean (BFB). We used 3 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits as donors of caecal content in each incubation run (n=3). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized experimental design. The CV silage showed higher values of crude protein (CP), followed by FB and bean silages (P<0.001). Barley silage had the lowest CP content (96g kg-1 DM) (P=0.001). The NDF and ADF content were lower (P<0.001) for beans and CV compared with the rest of the forage silages. Ryegrass silage had higher values of dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, relative GP and SCFA (P<0.001). The highest values of digestible energy were for CV and bean silages (P<0.001). Ryegrass and CV silages showed higher levels in GP parameters, which could be associated with their better chemical composition characteristics, mainly protein and fiber content.

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