Analysis of Different Building Materials Used in Heritage Protected Areas in North China

2013 ◽  
Vol 357-360 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Xiao Yu Zhang ◽  
Yong Qing Sun ◽  
Xu Lan ◽  
Jian Ming Bai
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
North China ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Chinese Characteristics ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Modern Building

This paper first reviews the definition of protected areas under Chinese law, and it pays attention to problems of using four types of building materials in protected areas: traditional building materials produced by old craftsmanship, traditional components collected from the torn down old buildings, antique-style building materials made from industrial production and well-designed modern building materials with Chinese characteristics. By elaborating on the four different selections of building materials, it analyses the advantages and disadvantages of each selection.

scholarly journals COUNTRY HOUSE IN STYLE GLASS FACHWERK

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
G. I Zubareva
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Country House ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Country Houses ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Definition Of

The urgency of the design and construction of country houses in the style of fachwerk is noted. The definition of fachwerk is given. The system of criteria characterizing the fachwerk is listed: the presence of a frame with braces and enclosing filling with various materials: clay, ceramic brick, natural stone. It is noted that glass is one of the most popular materials used in construction, including individual houses. The concept of glass fachwerk as a frame with glazing elements is defined. It is noted that with the advent of new building materials and tools, the construction of country houses using the glass fachwerk technology underwent many changes that affected virtually all the elements of the house's construction: foundation, frame, joint system, roof, roof and glass. The modern technology for the construction of glass fachwerk is described. The requirements for double-glazed windows fachwerk are discussed: high strength, increased sound and heat insulation, protection from solar ultraviolet radiation. A wide range of double-glazed windows satisfying these requirements is given: sun-reflecting, energy-saving, multifunctional and safe (triplex) glasses. The advantages and disadvantages of suburban half-timbered glass houses are discussed. It is shown that the individuality of a glass-fachwerk country house is achieved by the variability of its glazing: frame, frameless, and also depending on the percentage of glazing at home. The conclusion is made about the prospects of country houses in the style of glass half-timbered for the regions of Russia, taking into account the use of new building materials.

METHODS OF TESTING RING SAMPLES MADE OF PLASTIC COMPOSITE MATERIALS USED IN THE AVIATION INDUSTRY AND THE ESTIMATED EVALUATION OF THEIR EFFECTIVENESS

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68-71
Author(s):  
Mikhail Mikhailovich Polovin ◽  
Egor Vadimovich Nazarov ◽  
Evgeniy Vasilyevich Zhuravlev ◽  
Denis Sergeevich Shavelkin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Given

In relation to the increase in the proportion of composite materials used in the design of modern aircraft, the most acute issue is the issue of confirming the characteristics of materials during their testing. In this paper, the methods of testing composite materials used in the elements of the glider design are analyzed, and the estimated assessment of the methods analyzed is made.Within the limits of the given work the comparative analysis of existing and perspective methods of carrying out of tests of ring samples from composite materials for the purpose of an estimation of their efficiency regarding definition of mechanical properties is carried out. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are determined.

Sustainable Local Materials: A Study of Adobe Bricks in Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Heba Azouqah ◽  
Noura Alomar ◽  
L. Kaadan ◽  
M. Sonbul ◽  
H. Abdulaziz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Best Response ◽  
Vision 2030 ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Desert Climate ◽  
Local Materials

The importance of local building materials has long been a significant point in all communities for thousands of years. It is well established that local materials form the backbone of construction in societies as they are the best response to the region's climate conditions. This study aims to determine the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing local materials in building construction. Specifically, it focuses on analyzing adobe bricks and examines whether it is suitable for the modern times. Saudi Arabia, a country that extensively relied on petroleum to flourish, is re-establishing itself by introducing the Saudi Vision 2030, a call of action to rely on available sustainable assets to develop the country. In this context, this research intends to demonstrate how promoting local materials' usage in construction would correspond with the vision's aims. This paper attempts to raise awareness about the local alternatives available and encourage utilizing them rather than the conventional building materials widely used, which are often not entirely suitable for Saudi Arabia's harsh desert climate. To further support this research, historical research proved that buildings built with local materials had withstood the test of time. This paper explores adobe as a case study because it is a unique building material in its style and sustainability. The intensive research results revealed that adobe bricks are a versatile material that gives different characteristics depending on the mixture of materials used to make them. On this basis, this paper examines the advantages and disadvantages of adobe bricks while proposing potential solutions to overcome the drawbacks.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN GREEN MATERIAL DALAM MEWUJUDKAN KONSEP GREEN BUILDING PADA BANGUNAN KAFE

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Agung Prabowo Sulistiawan ◽  
Arif Abdur Rahman ◽  
Gildan Kantona Hamdani ◽  
Gieztha Saniy Faisal ◽  
Arie Ilham Agustian
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Green Building ◽  
Green Material ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances

The development of buildings is one of the largest contributors to global warming. This regard has seen in the use of building materials derived from non-renewable natural resources and the use of Ozone Depleting Substances (ODS). Therefore, it needs the regulation regarding the use of materials in buildings that lead to environmental sustainability and tailored to the stages of building material procurement. This regulation can lead to the criteria of a green building. Hence, this study focuses more on Green Material Standards on a building according to Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) and the application of Green Material aspects in the case study of Aruna Dine and Coffee. The purposes of this study are to determine (1) Types of building materials used in Aruna Dine and Coffee Cafe in terms of environmentally friendly materials. (2) The types of building materials used in Aruna Dine and Coffee are in accordance with environmentally friendly materials standards. (3). Advantages and disadvantages of building materials used in the cafe Aruna Dine and Coffee. (4). What are the impacts of using building materials that used in Aruna Dine and Coffee Cafe. The methodology used in this study is qualitative descriptive methods by comparing the Green Material criteria derived from the Government's policy role as well as the role of Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI), which based on the procurement cycle of building materials. Firstly, the stage of research is selecting the object of study. Secondly, the method of data collection is in the form of observation, discussion, interview, and documentation. Thirdly, conduct data analysis using qualitative descriptive method. In this research focused on several aspects related to the aspect / category of Source & Material Cycle (MRC), in Greenship 2013 version 1.2. The result of analysis can conclude that Aruna Dine and Coffe get 5 points from 7 points of Material & Cycle Criterion (MRC), so that this building categorized in Green Building in term of green material. The results show that the concept of Green Building needed to reduce the environmental impact that can affect global warming. This study expected to be a scientific reference in designing green buildings with attention to concepts that can make the bad impact to environment. Keywords: Green Building, Green Material, Aruna Dine and Coffee Cafe. AbstrakPerkembangan bangunan merupakan salah satu sektor penyumbang terbesar terjadinya pemanasan global. Hal ini terlihat pada penggunaan material bangunan yang berasal dari sumber daya alam yang tak terbaharukan serta penggunaan Bahan Perusak Ozon (BPO). Untuk itu, diperlukan aturan yang jelas mengenai penggunaan material pada bangunan yang mengarahkan pada keberlanjutan lingkungan dan disesuaikan dengan tahapan pengadaan bangunan. Aturan ini kemudian dapat mengarah pada kriteria bangunan hijau/Green Building. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini lebih memfokuskan pada standar Green Material pada sebuah bangunan menurut Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) dan penerapan aspek Green Material pada bangunan studi kasus Aruna Dine and Coffee.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui (1). Jenis-jenis material bangunan yang digunakan pada Kafe Aruna Dine and Coffee ditinjau dari segi material ramah lingkungan. (2). Jenis  material-material bangunan yang digunakan pada kafe Aruna Dine and Coffee yang sudah sesuai standar material ramah lingkungan. (3). Kelebihan dan kekurangan material-material bangunan yang digunakan pada kafe Aruna Dine and Coffee. (4). Apa saja dampak penggunaan material-material bangunan yang digunakan pada kafe Aruna Dine and Coffee. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam kajian ini adalah deskriptiif kualitatif dengan cara membandingkan kriteria Green Material yang berasal dari peran kebijakan Pemerintah serta peran Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) yang didasarkan pada siklus pengadaan material bangunan. Pertama, tahapan penelitiannya adalah pemilihan objek studi. Kedua, metode pengambilan data dengan cara observasi, diskusi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Ketiga, analisis data dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dalam penelitian ini difokuskan pada beberapa hal yang berkaitan dengan aspek/kategori Sumber & Siklus Material (MRC), dalam Greenship 2013 versi 1.2. Dari hasil analisa yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa Kafe Aruna Dine and Coffe mendapatkan 5 poin dari 7 poin kriteria Sumber & Siklus Material (Material Resources & Cycle/MRC), sehingga bangunan tersebut dapat dikategorikan kedalam bangunan Green Building bila ditinjau dari segi materialnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsep Green Building sangat diperlukan untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap pemanasan global. Kajian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi rujukan ilmiah dalam mendesain bangunan hijau  dengan  memperhatikan konsep yang tidak berdampak buruk bagi lingkungan.Kata Kunci : Green Building, Green Material, Kafe Aruna Dine and Coffe.

scholarly journals Application of pre-fabricated concrete lining for strengthening canal slopes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. F. Silchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Concrete Lining ◽  
Initial State ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Global Problems ◽  
Innovative Materials ◽  
Modern Building

Purpose: analysis of the experience of strengthening slopes and reducing water losses for filtration on irrigation and drainage systems using modern building materials, identifying the main advantages of using a fast-moving concrete pavement. Before using water for irrigation purposes, it goes a long way from the water intake to the consumer, as a result of which there is water loss for filtration, which is one of the global problems in hydrometeorology. The use of traditional anti-seepage measures, such as: oil, gleying, clogging, installation of film and concrete-film coatings and other methods do not fully solve the problem. Materials and Methods: the concrete canvas has already found application in the oil and gas and mining industries, road and railway construction, urban industry and agriculture. The material is environmentally friendly, convenient to use and is distinguished by its reliability and long service life. Results and Discussion: the analysis of domestic and foreign literature showed that with the help of innovative materials it is possible to solve the problem of filtration and eliminate water losses from irrigation systems. Concrete bed as an impermeable device for irrigation canals is more applicable due to its physical characteristics, ease of maintenance and care. Conclusions: the impermeable measures and materials considered in the work have a number of advantages and disadvantages. The use of a concrete bed as an anti-seepage material will increase the productivity of any irrigation and drainage system, depending on its initial state, exclude water losses for filtration, and also protect structures from erosion and deformation.

TRADITIONAL OUTBUILDINGS OF THE MORDOVIANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena N. Mokshina ◽  
Mihail I. Svyatkin
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Important Place ◽  
Main Building ◽  
Genetic Problem ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Functional Purpose

Introduction. The article deals with the main traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians, reported on their functional purpose in economic activity. The forms and types of outbuildings, as well as the main building materials used by Mordvinians are described in details. Their significance in the religious and ceremonial life of the ethnic group is shown. Materials and Methods. The research is based on traditional methods of ethnographic science, such as field observation, survey and interviews, and a comprehensive approach. Among the methods of historical science comparative-historical, historical-genetic, problem-chronological, structural-system were used. Among the general scientific methods of research logical, descriptive, narrative, generalization, classification and systematization were involved. To achieve the results of the study, the materials collected by the authors in the course of field surveys conducted in the Mordovian villages were mainly used. Results and Discussion. Traditional outbuildings were of great importance in the economic activity of the Mordovian ethnic group. According to their functional purpose, they can be divided into the following groups: for livestock and poultry (stable, chicken coop, stable, kalda), sanitary and hygienic (bath), warehouse buildings for storage of food, utensils, firewood, animal feed (barn, cellar, woodshed, hayloft), for processing of grain (sheep, riga, mill). Depending on the welfare and financial capacity of the family, the number of outbuildings was different. As a rule, the wealthier families had more outbuildings than the less wealthier ones. The main building material for the construction of these buildings was wood. Conclusion. Thus, the traditional outbuildings of the Mordvinians occupied an important place in its economic activities. At the same time, each of them had its own purpose and performed certain functions. Some buildings, such as a bath and a barn, had not only economic purpose, but also were the venue for a number of prayers and ceremonies. It is now ordinarily they have banya (bath-house), outdoor courtyard with standing in different places sheds, barn and cellar.

Historical Experience of Criminalization: to the Centenary of the Guiding Principles on Criminal Law of the RSFSR

2019 ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Ivan Kozachenko
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Criminal Code ◽  
Historical Experience ◽  
Law System ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Concept Planning ◽  
Guiding Principles ◽  
Definition Of

The creation of the Guiding Principles on the Criminal Law of the RSFSR of 1919 is studied taking into account extremely complicated internal and external political situation in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. Using the methods of analysis, synthesis, as well as comparative and historical method, the author determines the significance of the Guiding Principles in the law system of the young Soviet state. Some key norms of the document are examined. In particular, the definition of criminal law is analyzed and its advantages and disadvantages are identified. It is noted that the definition of a crime was formulated too broadly, and more significant steps in criminalization of different acts were made with the adoption of the RSFSR Criminal Code of 1922. It is indicated which persons were not punished according to the Guidelines. Attention is drawn to the way in which such a method of protection as necessary defense was set forth in this act. The Guiding Principles are not without certain disadvantages: for example, the institution of complicity is not sufficiently disclosed, there is lexical redundancy in the definition of the concept «planning the offence». However, the discrepancies between the main provisions covered in the Guidelines are explainable and excusable, taking into account the historical situation at the time of their adoption. The analyzed document became the basis for Russian criminal law, and some of its provisions are still relevant.

scholarly journals Validity of the Gender Dysphoria diagnosis and incidence trends in Sweden: a nationwide register study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Malin Indremo ◽  
Richard White ◽  
Thomas Frisell ◽  
Sven Cnattingius ◽  
Alkistis Skalkidou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Dysphoria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Incidence Trends ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Nationwide Register Study

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine the validity of the Gender Dysphoria (GD) diagnoses in the Swedish National Patient Register (NPR), to discuss different register-based definitions of GD and to investigate incidence trends. We collected data on all individuals with registered GD diagnoses between 2001 and 2016 as well as data on the coverage in the NPR. We regarded gender confirming medical intervention (GCMI) as one proxy for a clinically valid diagnosis and calculated the positive predictive value (PPV) for receiving GCMI for increasing number of registered GD diagnoses. We assessed crude and coverage-adjusted time trends of GD during 2004–2015 with a Poisson regression, using assigned sex and age as interaction terms. The PPV for receiving GCMI was 68% for ≥ 1 and 79% for ≥ 4 GD-diagnoses. The incidence of GD was on average 35% higher with the definition of ≥ 1 compared to the definition of ≥ 4 diagnoses. The incidence of GD, defined as ≥ 4 diagnoses increased significantly during the study period and mostly in the age categories 10–17 and 18–30 years, even after adjusting for register coverage. We concluded that the validity of a single ICD code denoting clinical GD in the Swedish NPR can be questioned. For future research, we propose to carefully weight the advantages and disadvantages of different register-based definitions according to the individual study’s needs, the time periods involved and the age-groups under study.

scholarly journals Architectural ruins: geoculture of the anatomy of buildings as illustrated by Casa Ippolito, Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lino Bianco
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Building Physics

AbstractRuins are a statement on the building materials used and the construction method employed. Casa Ippolito, now in ruins, is typical of 17th-century Maltese aristocratic country residences. It represents an illustration of secondary or anthropogenic geodiversity. This paper scrutinises these ruins as a primary source in reconstructing the building’s architecture. The methodology involved on-site geographical surveying, including visual inspection and non-invasive tests, a geological survey of the local lithostratigraphy, and examination of notarial deeds and secondary sources to support findings about the building’s history as read from its ruins. An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to digitally record the parlous state of the architectural structure and karsten tubes were used to quantify the surface porosity of the limestone. The results are expressed from four perspectives. The anatomy of Casa Ippolito, as revealed in its ruins, provides a cross-section of its building history and shows two distinct phases in its construction. The tissue of Casa Ippolito—the building elements and materials—speaks of the knowledge of raw materials and their properties among the builders who worked on both phases. The architectural history of Casa Ippolito reveals how it supported its inhabitants’ wellbeing in terms of shelter, water and food. Finally, the ruins in their present state bring to the fore the site’s potential for cultural tourism. This case study aims to show that such ruins are not just geocultural remains of historical built fabric. They are open wounds in the built structure; they underpin the anatomy of the building and support insights into its former dynamics. Ruins offer an essay in material culture and building physics. Architectural ruins of masonry structures are anthropogenic discourse rendered in stone which facilitate not only the reconstruction of spaces but also places for human users; they are a statement on the wellbeing of humanity throughout history.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document