Unsaturated Polyesters as Stamps for Hot Embossing of Micropumps

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 547-550
Author(s):  
Yi Chu Hsu ◽  
Po Yuan Cheng ◽  
Hsiao Wei Lee ◽  
Shun Fua Su
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Microfluidic Chip ◽  
Hot Embossing ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Confocal Microscope ◽  
Curing Process ◽  
Unsaturated Polyesters ◽  
Peristaltic Micropump ◽  
Micro Actuators ◽  
Width Change

We investigated two processes to fabricate unsaturated polyesters, UP, to serve as a stamp to emboss a microfluidic chip to apply to a peristaltic micropump. The mechanical properties of UP are great to apply to vibration type micro-actuators. However, it’s rarely discussed academically. As a result, we proposed two processes developed and compared macro-and micro-scopically. It was first observed that process I of traditional UP curing process and process II of modified process can both replicate the geometries of microfludic chips well macroscopically. In addition, the former one has macroscopic defaults like cracks, bend, and separation between vessel and UP molds, while the latter one doesn’t. Optical microscope and confocal microscope are also applied to verify the replication effects microscopically. Again, both processes illustrate good replication results with variation of both lengths and areas all less than 10%, while process II has better geometries and lower deviation on different sites. The process I was proven that the averages of depth and widest width change rates for replication are-1.06% (between-4.15% and 2.89%) and-2.77% (between-6.93% and 0.67%), respectively. And, the replication results of process II shows also reasonable change and even smaller deviations that the averages of depth and widest width change rates are-4.77% (between-6.33% and-3.84%) and 1.53% (between 1.15% and 2.15%), respectively.

scholarly journals Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Subjected to Dynamic Plastic Deformation Achieved by Multipass Hammer Forging with Different Forging Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiurong Fang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Xue Ou ◽  
Fuqiang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Materials Properties ◽  
Forging Process ◽  
Hammer Forging ◽  
Dynamic Plastic Deformation

Dynamic plastic deformation (DPD) achieved by multipass hammer forging is one of the most important metal forming operations to create the excellent materials properties. By using the integrated approaches of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope, the forging temperature effects on the multipass hammer forging process and the forged properties of Ti-6Al-4V alloy were evaluated and the forging samples were controlled with a total height reduction of 50% by multipass strikes from 925°C to 1025°C. The results indicate that the forging temperature has a significant effect on morphology and the volume fraction of primary α phase, and the microstructural homogeneity is enhanced after multipass hammer forging. The alloy slip possibility and strain rates could be improved by multipass strikes, but the marginal efficiency decreases with the increased forging temperature. Besides, a forging process with an initial forging temperature a bit above β transformation and finishing the forging a little below the β transformation is suggested to balance the forging deformation resistance and forged mechanical properties.

The Properties of Flue Gas Desulphurization (FGD) Gypsum

2011 ◽  
Vol 105-107 ◽  
pp. 2204-2208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run Xia Hao ◽  
Xiao Yan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Steel Slag ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Fgd Gypsum ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Slag Powder ◽  
Steel Slag Powder ◽  
Flue Gas Desulphurization

The properties of flue gas desulphurization (FGD) gypsum were analysized by Thermo-gravimetry/differential scanning calorimetry (TG/DSC), technical performance analysis, optical microscope and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical properties of FGD gypsum-steel slag powder cementitious material were researched. The results revealed that FGD gypsum have similar moisture content, major component CaSO4·2H2O with natural gypsum, and has better technical performance than natural gypsum. The results of optical microscope and SEM of the FGD gypsum hydration support this further. When the dosage of steel slag powder is 15%, containing activator ,better mechanical properties can be obtained. Key words: FGD gypsum, Property, Cementitious material

The Influence of Oxide Inclusion on the Refinement of Bainite and Toughness in HAZ for Low Carbon Steels

2013 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 163-167
Author(s):  
Shu Rui Li ◽  
Xue Min Wang ◽  
Xin Lai He
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acicular Ferrite ◽  
Oxide Inclusion ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Low Carbon Steels ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ti Oxides ◽  
Bainitic Steels

The influence of Ti oxide on the toughness of heat affected zone for low carbon bainitic steels has been investigated. The optical microscope, SEM and TEM were used to analyze the composition, size and distribution of the inclusions, and the microstructure and mechanical properties after welding thermal simulation were also investigated. The effect of Ti oxide inclusion on the transformation of acicular ferrite has also been studied. The results show that after the melting with Ti dioxide technique the inclusion is complex, in the core is Ti oxides about 1-3 micron and around it is MnS. It has been found the acicular ferrite can nucleate at the inclusions and the Ti oxide inclusion will promote the nucleation of acicular ferrite, and the acicular ferrite will block the growth of bainite. Therefore by introducing the Ti oxide in the steels the microstructure of HAZ could be refined markedly therefore the toughness of HAZ can be improved evidently.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5 PH stainless steel under different aging temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (6) ◽  
pp. 601
Author(s):  
Chunhui Jin ◽  
Honglin Zhou ◽  
Yuan Lai ◽  
Bei Li ◽  
Kewei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Aging Temperature ◽  
Electron Backscatter Diffraction ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Strengthening Mechanisms ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Transmission Electron

The influence of aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr15Ni5 precipitation hardening stainless steel (15-5 PH stainless steel) were investigated at aging temperature range of 440–610 °C. The tensile properties at ambient temperature of the 15-5 PH stainless steel processed by different aging temperatures were tested, and the microstructural features were further analyzed utilizing optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Results indicated the strength of the 15-5 PH stainless steel was firstly decreased with increment of aging temperature from 440 to 540 °C, and then increased with the increment of aging temperature from 540 to 610 °C. The strength and ductility were well matched at aging temperature 470 °C, and the yield strength, tensile strength as well as elongation were determined to be 1170 MPa, 1240 MPa and 24%, respectively. The microstructures concerning to different aging temperatures were overall confirmed to be lath martensite. The strengthening mechanisms induced by dislocation density and the second phase precipitation of Cu-enriched metallic compound under different aging temperatures were determined to be the predominant strengthening mechanisms controlling the variation trend of mechanical properties corresponding to different aging temperatures with respect to 15-5 PH stainless steel.

Gas metal arc welding of XPF800 steel for automotive industry: Microstructural evaluation and mechanical properties investigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 146442072110567
Author(s):  
Emre Korkmaz ◽  
Cemal Meran
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Heat Affected Zone ◽  
Arc Welding ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Heat Affected Zone Softening

In this study, the effect of gas metal arc welding on the mechanical and microstructure properties of hot-rolled XPF800 steel newly produced by TATA Steel has been investigated. This steel finds its role in the automotive industry as chassis and seating applications. The microstructure transformation during gas metal arc welding has been analyzed using scanning electron microscope, optical microscope, and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry. Tensile, Charpy impact, and microhardness tests have been implemented to determine the mechanical properties of welded samples. Acceptable welded joints have been obtained using heat input in the range of 0.28–0.46 kJ/mm. It has been found that the base metal hardness of the welded sample is 320 HV0.1. On account of the heat-affected zone softening, the intercritical heat-affected zone hardness values have diminished ∼20% compared to base metal.

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of LR Grade a Thick Plate Welded by Double Side Gas Metal Arc Welding

2016 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 168-172
Author(s):  
Yustiasih Purwaningrum ◽  
Triyono ◽  
Tegar Rileh Argihono ◽  
Ryan Sutrisno
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Gas Metal Arc Welding ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Charpy Impact Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Weld Metals ◽  
Metal Arc Welding

Mechanical and microstructure of double side weld with various angle groove was studied in this research. LR Gr A steel plates (12 mm thickness) were welded using GMAW with corresponding 180 A, 23 V, and 20 l/min respectively with current, voltage, and gas flow. Shielding gas and filler metals used are argon and ER 70S-6. The angle groove that used were 20⁰, 40⁰ and 60⁰. The measured of mechanical properties with regard to hardness, toughness and strength using, Vickers hardness test, Charpy impact test and tensile test respectively The microstructure examined with optical microscope. The results show that the highest hardness values found in welds with groove angle 40ͦ. The transition temperatures of weld metals are at temperatures between -20°C to 0°C. Weld metals with all variations of the groove angle has a value of less than 0.1 mmpy. Microstructure of base metals and HAZ were ferrite and pearlite. While the microstructure of weld metals are accicular ferrite, grain boundary ferrite and Widmanstatten ferrite.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA tensile specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzio Grasso ◽  
Lyes Azzouz ◽  
Paula Ruiz-Hincapie ◽  
Mauro Zarrelli ◽  
Guogang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose Recent advancements of 3D printing technology have brought forward the interest for this technique in many engineering fields. This study aims to focus on mechanical properties of the polylactic acid (PLA) feeding material under different thermal conditions for a typical fusion deposition of 3D printer system. Design/methodology/approach Specimens were tested under static loading within the range 20ºC to 60ºC considering different infill orientations. The combined effect of temperature and filament orientation is investigated in terms of constitutive material parameters and final failure mechanisms. The difference between feeding system before and post-3D printing was also assessed by mechanical test on feeding filament to verify the thermal profile during the deposition phase. Findings The results in terms of Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain at failure (εf) and stress at failure (σf) are presented and discussed to study the influence of process settings over the final deposited material. Fracture surfaces have been investigated using an optical microscope to link the phenomenological interpretation of the failure with the micro-mechanical behaviour. Experimental results show a strong correlation between stiffness and strength with the infill orientation and the temperature values. Moreover, a relevant effect is related to deformed geometry of the filament approaching glass transition region of the polymer according to the deposition orientation. Research limitations/implications The developed method can be applied to optimise the stiffness and strength of any 3D-printed composite according to the infill orientation. Practical implications To avoid the failure of specimens outside the gauge length, a previously proposed modification to the geometry was adopted. The geometry has a parabolic profile with a curvature of 1,000 mm tangent to the middle part of the specimen. Originality/value Several authors have reported the stiffness and strength of 3D-printed parts under static and ambient temperature for different build parameters. However, there is a lack of literature on the combination of the latter with the temperature effects on the mechanical properties which this paper covers.

scholarly journals Effect of deformation and annealing temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of Al-4.5Zn-1.5Mg-0.9Cr (wt. %) alloy fabricated by squeeze casting

2018 ◽  
Vol 153 ◽  
pp. 01001
Author(s):  
Maya Putri Agustianingrum ◽  
Nuzulian Akbar Arandana ◽  
Risly Wijanarko ◽  
Bondan Tiara Sofyan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Deformation Behaviour ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Dislocation Motion ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

In order to produce structural products, Al-Zn-Mg alloys undergo various forming processes. Problems that are usually found in the forming process include peripheral coarse grain (PCG) and hot tearing which decrease mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of the alloys. Addition of microalloying element such as chromium (Cr) is an alternative to overcome these problems. The presence of Cr in Al-Zn-Mg alloys supresses the grain growth by preventing excess recrystallization. In this research 0.9 wt. % Cr was added to Al-4.5Zn-1.5Mg alloy and the deformation behaviour as well as subsequent recrystallization was observed. The alloy was fabricated by squeeze casting followed by homogenization at 400 °C for 4 h. The samples were cold rolled for 5, 10, and 20 %. The 20 % deformed samples were then annealed at 300, 400, and 500 °C for 2 h. Material characterization consisted of microstructure analysis using optical microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), hardness testing using Micro Vicker methods. The results showed that the deformed grain ratio was 1.6, 2.84, and 2.99 in the 5, 10, and 20 % deformed samples, respectively. The elongated dendrites were effective to increase the hardness of the alloy. Recrystallization was not detected during annealing at 300 and 400 °C, but was observed at 500 °C. Whereas, for the samples without Cr addition, recrystallization occurred at 400 °C. It means that the addition of Cr increased the recrystallization temperature of the alloy. It occured because (Al, Zn)7Cr dispersoids with size less than 1 μm impeded the dislocation motion during annealing, so that recrystallization was retarded. On the other hand (Al, Zn)7Cr dispersoids with size more than 1 μm promoted the formation of new grains around them by Particle Stimulated Nucleation (PSN) mechanism. In this case, the fine (Al, Zn)7Cr dominated so that recrystallization was slower.

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