The Accuracy of the Plastic Parts Milling Process Executed by a Six Axes Robot

2015 ◽  
Vol 808 ◽  
pp. 339-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandru Popan ◽  
Nicolae Bâlc ◽  
Bogdan Luca ◽  
Alina Popan ◽  
Alexandru Carean
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Plastic Part ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
Plastic Parts

The objective of this paper is to analyze the precision of plastic parts made by using robot milling. Currently, the robots have good precision, rigidity, flexibility and they are able to machine parts. By using a six axis Kuka robot and an electric spindle, a plastic part was milled. The paper presents the advantages and disadvantages of this new technology, analyzing the dimensional accuracy, surface quality and costs.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of Chemical, Thermal, and Mechanical Post-Process of Fused Filament Fabricated Polyetherimide Parts for Surface Quality Enhancement

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (19) ◽  
pp. 5880
Author(s):  
Ariadna Chueca de Bruijn ◽  
Giovanni Gómez-Gras ◽  
Marco A. Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Thermal Treatments ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Post Process ◽  
Electron Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies

Additive manufacturing technologies are increasingly being used in production systems because they shorten product development time and production cost, but surface integrity remains a limitation to meet the standards set by conventional manufacturing. In this research article, two chemical, one thermal, and three mechanical finishing operations are proposed to post-process fused filament fabricated Ultem 9085 parts. Their effects on the parts’ surface quality and dimensional accuracy (changes in their width, height, length, and mass) are examined through optical and electron scanning microscopy, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed. Microscope evaluation has proven to be a powerful tool to observe apparent differences and understand the nature of different morphological changes. Results indicate that chemical and thermal treatments and ball burnishing are good candidates to significantly enhance the finish of the parts, despite requiring the use of solvents or provoking dimensional changes to the parts. The effects of abrasive mechanical treatments are more moderate at a macroscopic scale, but the surface of the filaments suffers the most remarkable changes.

Study of the FDM Parameters of the ABS Parts in the Surface Quality after Machining Operations

2019 ◽  
Vol 813 ◽  
pp. 203-208
Author(s):  
Irene Del Sol ◽  
Álvaro Domínguez Calvo ◽  
David Piñero ◽  
Jorge Salguero ◽  
Moises Batista
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Post Operation ◽  
Key Enabling Technologies ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Machining Operations ◽  
Machining Strategies

Additive Manufacturing (AM) is one of the Key Enabling Technologies (KET’s) in Industry 4.0. One of the most worldwide used technologies is Fussed Deposition Modelling (FDM), a technology commonly used for domestic purposes. However, it could become a profitable option for industrial applications such as protections parts, flexible clamping systems or large volume parts. One of the issues that keeps this technology away from the mainstream industry is the lack of dimensional accuracy and the appearance of layer deposition defects that are produced as a consequence of the nature of the process. Those defects are usually reduced using chemicals post treatments. However, this option considerably increases the cost of the part as well as it environmental impact for big size parts. This work studied machining procedures as sustainable post-operation in order to reduce FDM dimensional and superficial defects. For this purpose, Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) parts produced by FDM were machined using different machining strategies. Parts were perimetral milled using up milling and down milling strategies and finally a face milling operation was performed. The relationship between the layer height and the directionality of the layers in machining results was analyzed, in terms of surface quality (Ra, Rz, Rsm) and dimensional accuracy. Rz and Rsm results had been analyzed to verify that the grooves produced in FDM process disappeared. Ra values were reduced by up to ten times after milling process. Dimensional accuracy is increased by up to 50% while the removed rate was kept in a maximum of 7%. Additionally, removed material can be reused by means of proper chip extraction system, favoring the performance of the resources.

Reduction of Injection Moulded Plastic Part Warpage Using Advanced Gas Assisted Injection Moulding

2016 ◽  
Vol 862 ◽  
pp. 200-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslav Košík ◽  
Jozef Bílik ◽  
Daynier Rolando Delgado Sobrino
Keyword(s):  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Plastic Part ◽  
Shape Accuracy ◽  
Shape Complexity ◽  
Plastic Parts

Dimensional and shape accuracy are the basic quality criteria of almost every injection moulded plastic part, manufactured in the engineering industry. They are dependent on many production conditions as part and moulding tool design, material structure properties and injection parameters. Generally, it is very difficult to achieve high geometrical accuracy during injection moulding, therefore, dimensional tolerances for plastic parts are usually many times larger than in the case of metals. However, according to requirements of the engineering industry, demands for the plastic parts dimensional accuracy keep growing permanently, what also extends to the growing shape complexity of the produced parts. Due to this tendency, engineers must look for more and more advanced solutions to meet market requirements and keep the competitiveness of their product. In consonance with all this, this paper presents a case study where the progressive gas assisted injection moulding is used as a solution for the plastic part warpage reduction while any other conventional methods failed. The study is performed making use of part from the automotive industry, initially produced with unacceptable deformations. In the first step, the real manufacturing state was studied to determine the warp behaviour. Subsequently, the process parameters and cooling conditions were unsuccessfully modified while trying to reduce deformations. Nevertheless, these were effectively eliminated by the only application of internal gas support to the melt injection phase. A numerical modelling based on Finite Volume and Finite Element Method was also used in the case study in order to mathematically represent the fluid, thermal and mechanical processes during the process of injection moulding.

scholarly journals Dimensional Accuracy and Surface Quality of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy Components after Precision Milling

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6446
Author(s):  
Jarosław Korpysa ◽  
Józef Kuczmaszewski ◽  
Ireneusz Zagórski
Keyword(s):  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Az91d Magnesium Alloy ◽  
End Mills

This study investigates a precision milling process conducted with the use of conventional end mills and a standard CNC (Computer Numerical Control) machine tool. Milling tests were performed on samples of AZ91D magnesium alloy using TiB2- and TiAlN-coated three-edge end mills measuring 16 mm in diameter. The following technological parameters were made variable: cutting speed, feed per tooth and axial depth of cut. The effects of precision milling were evaluated by analysing the scatter of dimension values obtained in successive tool passes. In addition to that, deviations from the assumed nominal depth as well as obtained ranges of dimension varation were analysed. The study also examined surface quality obtained in the precision milling process, based on the basic surface roughness parameters: Ra, Rz and RSm. Results have confirmed that the use of conventional cutting tools and a standard CNC machine tool makes it possible to manufacture components characterized by relatively small scatter of dimension values and high accuracy classes. Additionally, the results have shown that the type of tool coating and variations of individual technological parameters exert impact on the dimensional accuracy and surface quality obtained.

Microencapsulation and Nanoencapsulation: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Suganya ◽  
V. Anuradha
Keyword(s):  
Drug Release ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Inert Material ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Control Drug ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nano Scale ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Control Drug Release

Encapsulation is a process of enclosing the substances within an inert material which protects from environment as well as control drug release. Recently, two type of encapsulation has been performed in several research. Nanoencapsulation is the coating of various substances within another material at sizes on the nano scale. Microencapsulation is similar to nanoencapsulation aside from it involving larger particles and having been done for a greater period of time than nanoencapsulation. Encapsulation is a new technology that has wide applications in pharmaceutical industries, agrochemical, food industries and cosmetics. In this review, the difference between micro and nano encapsulation has been explained. This article gives an overview of different methods and reason for encapsulation. The advantages and disadvantages of micro and nano encapsulation technology were also clearly mentioned in this paper.

Research Status of Subsequent Machining of Laser Cladding Layers

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Li ◽  
Yujun Cai ◽  
Guohe Li ◽  
Meng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Laser Cladding ◽  
Wear Surface ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Cutting Temperature ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Cladding Layer ◽  
Cladding Layers

Background: As an important method of remanufacturing, laser cladding can be used to obtain the parts with specific shapes by stacking materials layer by layer. The formation mechanism of laser cladding determines the “Staircase effect”, which makes the surface quality can hardly meet the dimensional accuracy of the parts. Therefore, the subsequent machining must be performed to improve the dimensional accuracy and surface quality of cladding parts. Methods: In this paper, chip formation, cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, surface quality, and optimization of cutting parameters in the subsequent cutting of laser cladding layer are analyzed. Scholars have expounded and studied these five aspects but the cutting mechanism of laser cladding need further research. Results: The characteristics of cladding layer are similar to that of difficult to machine materials, and the change of parameters has a significant impact on the cutting performance. Conclusion: The research status of subsequent machining of cladding layers is summarized, mainly from the aspects of chip formation, cutting force, cutting temperature, tool wear, surface quality, and cutting parameters optimization. Besides, the existing problems and further developments of subsequent machining of cladding layers are pointed out. The efforts are helpful to promote the development and application of laser cladding remanufacturing technology.

METHODS FOR RESTORING WOLVES OF ROLLING PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (141) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
DAR’YA LEBEDEVA ◽  
◽  
ANNA KARPUNICHEVA
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Machine Building ◽  
Research Purpose ◽  
Technical Literature ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Rolling Production ◽  
Machine Parts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Degree

Large forces and significant thermal effects are created on the rolls when rolling sheets. The higher the stability of the rolls, the less downtime during their rerolling and higher productivity. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the ways of restoring rolls and choose the most appropriate method for restoring these parts. (Materials and methods) The article presents the analysis of the scientific and technical literature on the topic of rolling production, methods for restoring large-sized machine parts of machine-building and metallurgical industries that work in difficult conditions and are subject to a high degree of wear. Authors try to solve the problem by means of comparative and logical analysis based on theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research. (Results and discussion) The article presents two groups of methods for restoring rolled rolls: banding and surfacing the working layer of the roll. Authors have analyzed each method in terms of technology, equipment, and feasibility. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of the methods under consideration. (Conclusions) The most acceptable way to restore parts with a high degree of wear is surfacing. It is most efficient to apply submerged surfacing using an additional hot additive. Such surfacing, despite some complication of the equipment design, allows to deposit the metal on the roll with low heat input and in most cases in one pass. Surfacing using an additional hot additive allows to increase the productivity of the process by up to 250 percent while reducing the penetration depth by 2-3 times and saving energy by up to 40 percent.

scholarly journals 3DP Printing of Oral Solid Formulations: A Systematic Review

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara R. M. Brambilla ◽  
Ogochukwu Lilian Okafor-Muo ◽  
Hany Hassanin ◽  
Amr ElShaer
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Carcinogenic Risk ◽  
Drug Dissolution ◽  
Dissolution Profile ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a recent technology, which gives the possibility to manufacture personalised dosage forms and it has a broad range of applications. One of the most developed, it is the manufacture of oral solid dosage and the four 3DP techniques which have been more used for their manufacture are FDM, inkjet 3DP, SLA and SLS. This systematic review is carried out to statistically analyze the current 3DP techniques employed in manufacturing oral solid formulations and assess the recent trends of this new technology. The work has been organised into four steps, (1) screening of the articles, definition of the inclusion and exclusion criteria and classification of the articles in the two main groups (included/excluded); (2) quantification and characterisation of the included articles; (3) evaluation of the validity of data and data extraction process; (4) data analysis, discussion, and conclusion to define which technique offers the best properties to be applied in the manufacture of oral solid formulations. It has been observed that with SLS 3DP technique, all the characterisation tests required by the BP (drug content, drug dissolution profile, hardness, friability, disintegration time and uniformity of weight) have been performed in the majority of articles, except for the friability test. However, it is not possible to define which of the four 3DP techniques is the most suitable for the manufacture of oral solid formulations, because the selection is affected by different parameters, such as the type of formulation, the physical-mechanical properties to achieve. Moreover, each technique has its specific advantages and disadvantages, such as for FDM the biggest challenge is the degradation of the drug, due to high printing temperature process or for SLA is the toxicity of the carcinogenic risk of the photopolymerising material.

Towards Optimal Flow Uniformity: Stiffener Layout Design Evaluation of Injection Moulded Plastic Part

2012 ◽  
Vol 428 ◽  
pp. 33-37
Author(s):  
Yi Min Deng ◽  
Bao Shou Sun ◽  
Hua Bo He ◽  
Fu Zhan Shangguan
Keyword(s):  
Process Conditions ◽  
Flow Uniformity ◽  
Plastic Part ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Manufacturing Method ◽  
Part Geometry ◽  
Stiffener Layout ◽  
Plastic Parts ◽  
Stiffener Layout Design

Injection moulding is an important manufacturing method for plastic parts. There are however many moulding quality defects caused by inappropriate setting of moulding process conditions, as well as the poorly designed plastic part geometry. Often, stiffeners are used in a plastic part to increase its strength. However, if the stiffeners are not designed properly, they will introduce one or more moulding quality problems, which in turn will worsen the part strength rather than increasing it. Although there have been quite a lot of researches on optimising moulding quality, it is often difficult to minimize multiple quality defects simultaneously. In this paper, we propose to employ flow uniformity as the optimisation objective to address this problem. A number of stiffener layout designs are evaluated in terms of this objective to determine the best design, where standard deviations of filling times and pressures at the extremities of the plastic part are used to measure the uniformity of flow. A simple case study is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed methodology.

Effective Stripper-Holding on High Speed Precision Blanking of Electronic Machine Parts

2005 ◽  
Vol 6-8 ◽  
pp. 805-808
Author(s):  
F. Sekine
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Model ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
New Method ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Sheet Metals ◽  
Progressive Dies ◽  
Machine Parts

The blanking of thin sheet metals using progressive dies is an important process on production of precision electronic machine parts. As a model of IC leadframe, an I-shaped and an Lshaped models were blanked and influences of blanking conditions on dimensional accuracy of blanked lead were examined. Furthermore, a mechanical model is proposed to explain the affect of the blanking conditions on product accuracy. In these days, more fine leads are required as electronic machines become more precise and accurate. It must be treated that leads are firmly held for blanking leadframes accurately. In this paper, an effective method of stripper holding leads strongly are discussed and a new method using newly designed stripper is proposed. Consequently the effect of it on lead accuracy is proved.

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