Investigation into the Coating Surface Topography and Properties of Paper Related to Drying Condition

2011 ◽  
Vol 233-235 ◽  
pp. 1614-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Bei Hai He

The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. The typical objective of coating is to improve the appearance and printing properties of paper. In this study, the effect of drying condition on coating layer structure, surface properties, and print quality was investigated. The relationship between surface topography and drying condition was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The conclusions were drawn that high and low drying temperature were not good to the paper properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption, low print gloss and paper surface efficiency. The findings indicated that the coating drying temperature affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. Moderate temperature was benefit to pigment particles and binder arranging orderly, which made the coating surface had high smoothness, gloss, paper surface efficiency, and modest ink absorption.

2012 ◽  
Vol 466-467 ◽  
pp. 504-507
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Bei Hai He

The physical structure and chemical properties of coating layer have an important influence on transferring and setting of the printing ink. In this study, the effect of pigment on coating layer structure and surface properties was investigated. The surface topography was explored using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the pigment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that coating could improve coating surface topography and calcium carbonate pigment compared with kaolin pigment was not good to the paper surface properties, which resulted in high roughness, low paper gloss, high ink absorption and low paper surface efficiency.


2014 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Li ◽  
Ying Li

The structure of the coating layer has a strong influence on the optical and physical properties of paper as well as on the print quality. Ink is transferred and sets onto the paper surface in the printing process, which affect printing quality and usage of ink. The objective of this experiment was to investigate the influence of calender on coating surface structure and Printability. The surface structure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The findings indicated that the calender treatment affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. It could be concluded that Calender could increase the smoothness, gloss and paper surface efficiency of coated paper, which resulted in lower amount of ink usage, lower amount of ink absorption and higher print density.


2013 ◽  
Vol 791-793 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Zhen ◽  
Zheng Shun Wang

The coating binder in cross-section of coating layer will be migrated, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The paper studied the effects of coating progress on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. During coating process the drying rate, dwell time from coating device to dryer and coating weight affect the binder migration. The mechanism of binder migration was proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature and coating weight, but reduces with extending the dwell time.


2013 ◽  
Vol 790 ◽  
pp. 45-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhao Hui Zhen ◽  
Zheng Shun Wang

Because of the coating binder migration in cross-section of coating layer, the binder concentration will be different in z-direction of coating layer, which affect some properties of coated paper. The Paper studied the effects of pigment type, coating color solid content and dying temperature on binder migration and affected factors. The z-direction distribution of the coating binder which was tagged with Br in coating layer and its concentration in coating surface were examined quantitatively by using SEM-EDXA and ESCA analysis. The mechanism of binder migration was also proposed. The results indicated that the degree of binder migration is directly proportional to the drying temperature, that the increase of the ratio of calcium carbonate in the pigment content, coating surface binder concentration increased. The result also indicated that the degree of binder migration was increased with reduced the coating solid content.


2013 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 292-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Wen Juan Gu ◽  
Bei Hai He

The surface topography and properties of coating layer have an important influence on penetration and distribution of the print ink. In this research, the main objective was to investigate the effect of binder on the coating surface topography and characteristics. The surface microstructure was explored in the method of numerical and visual analysis using mercury porosimetry measurment and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The findings indicated that the binder content on the coating surface affected the pore size, depth and distribution of the coated paper surface. The conclusions were drawn that more amount of binder on the coating surface could contribute to improve the coating surface topography and the formation of even pore size and distribution, which was good to the paper surface characteristics and resulted in low roughness, high paper gloss, low ink absorption and high paper surface efficiency.


2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 133-139
Author(s):  
CEM AYDEMIR ◽  
NEMANJA KAŠIKOVIC ◽  
CSABA HORVATH ◽  
STEFAN DURDEVIC

"Printability is a combination of paper-related factors that contribute to achieving the desired print quality level and relates to the paper's ability to absorb ink. An important property of ink on paper is its setting behavior. The spread and placement of the ink on the paper surface is affected by the surface structure of the paper. The surface topography of the paper is decisive in the process of ink placement on the paper surface. In this study, the effects of surface roughness of the paper on wettability, print gloss, ink color change and light fastness change were investigated. For this purpose, prints on papers with different surface roughness were made in accordance with ISO 12647-2 with Cyan color ink in accordance with DIN ISO 2846-1. The CIE L*a*b* and gloss values of the test prints, which were allowed to dry in order to detect color and print gloss differences on the paper surfaces, were measured periodically until the ink film was completely dry. In addition, the effects of the paper surface on the light fastness of the ink were measured and recorded. The results were discussed in terms of print quality. "


TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 253-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
ERIK BOHLIN ◽  
CAISA JOHANNSON ◽  
MAGNUS LESTELIUS

The effect of coating structure variations on flexographic print quality was studied using pilot-coated paperboard samples with different latex content and latex particle sizes. Two latexes, with particle sizes of 120 nm and 160 nm, were added at either 12 parts per hundred (pph) or 18 pph to the coating formulation. The samples were printed with full tone areas at print forces of 25 N and 50 N in a laboratory flexographic printing press using a waterbased ink. A high ratio of uncovered areas (UCAs) could be detected for the samples that contained 18 pph latex printed at a print force of 25 N. UCAs decreased with increased print force and with decreased amounts of latex in the coating formulation. The fraction of latex covered area on the coating surface was estimated to be 0.35–0.40 for the 12 pph, and 0.70–0.75 for the 18 pph samples. The ink penetration depth into the coating layer could be linked to the fraction of latex-free areas on the coating surface. Optical cross section microscopy indicated that a higher printing force did not increase the depth of penetrated ink to any greater extent. Higher printing force did increase contact between plate and substrate, leading to an improved distribution of the ink. This, in turn, increased print density and decreased UCAs. On closer inspection, the UCAs could be categorized as being induced by steep topographic changes. When appearing at other locations, they were more likely to be caused by poor wetting of the surface. To understand the wetting behavior of the coating surface, observed contact angles were compared with calculated contact angles on surfaces of mixed composition.


Author(s):  
Bronius Jaskelevičius ◽  
Vaida Lynikienė

As a result of global and intense production the waste disposal problems become more and more urgent. Waste processing, utilization and recycling is to a certain extent limited by many economic, organisational and technological factors, and this inevitably encourages waste disposal in landfills. Physical, chemical and biological interactions in landfill cell result in formation of landfill gas and harmful leachate. Because of lack of control, together with usual communal waste, industrial waste was also dumped to landfills, therefore gas and leachate produced include large amounts of toxic compounds. Once hazardous waste materials occured in landfills, later they vastly expanded the whole spectrum of toxic materials and compounds. In the landfill environment chemical properties of surface and ground water and concentration of separate components are governed by seepage of leachate and industrial solutants into soil and ground layers and their transport by subsurface waters. Influence on the environment exerted by heavy metals contained in the leachate of Lapes Landfill is discussed in this paper. Properties of industrial waste material influenced order of the main pollutants: the most important elements in this case are Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr and other ions, the sulphides of these metals and other toxic compounds. The First Landfill field is more polluted with heavy metal polutants than the Third field. In all the samples iron concentration is the greatest exceeding even 200 times the admissible value allowed (Norm HN 24:2003). Sources (springs) S11 and S17 are least contaminated with heavy metals. The greatest groundwater pollution was found in monitoring bore G13s. The leachate processed in purification devices is released to the Third stream. Heavy metal concentrations in waters of this stream are low and they further decrease downstream because the pollutants are diluted. Santrauka Masiškai gaminant produkciją, ją vartojant, vis opesnė tampa atliekų problema. Atliekų perdirbimą, utilizavimą iš dalies ribojantys ekonominiai, organizaciniai bei technologiniai veiksniai neišvengiamai skatina atliekas šalinti į sąvartynus. Dėl sąvartyno tūryje vykstančių fizinių, cheminių bei biologinių reakcijų susidaro sąvartyno dujos ir kenksmingas filtratas. Kadangi dėl nepakankamos kontrolės į sąvartynus kartu su buitinėmis, komunalinėmis atliekomis buvo šalinamos pramonės atliekos, susidarančiose dujose bei filtrate yra daug toksiškų junginių. Šią toksinių medžiagų bei junginių įvairovę dar labiau papildo į sąvartynus patenkančios pavojingos atliekos. Gruntinio ir paviršinio upelių vandens cheminę sudėtį ir kai kurių komponentų koncentraciją sąvartyno aplinkoje lemia filtrato ir pramoninių tirpalų įsisunkimo į gruntą mastas bei požeminių tėkmių pernašos. Straipsnyje nagrinėjama Lapių sąvartyno filtrate aptiktų sunkiųjų metalų įtaka aplinkai. Pramonės atliekos lėmė, kad filtrato pagrindiniai teršiantieji elementai yra Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr ir kt. jonai, šių metalų sulfidai ir kiti toksiniai junginiai. Pirmasis kaupimosi laukas yra labiau užterštas sunkiaisiais metalais nei trečiasis laukas. Visuose mėginiuose didžiausia yra geležies koncentracija. Ji net iki 200 kartų viršija HN 24:2003 leidžiamąją normą. Mažiausiai sunkiaisiais metalais užteršti šaltiniai (S11 ir S17 postai). Požeminis vanduo labiausiai užterštas G13s gręžinyje. Iš valymo įrenginių išvalytas filtratas yra išleidžiamas į upelį. Šio upelio vandenyje rastų sunkiųjų metalų koncentracijos yra nedidelės, o upeliui tekant tolyn teršalai atskiedžiami, ir metalų koncentracijos mažėja. Резюме Массовое производство продукции, пользование ею все более обостряют проблему отходов. Процессы переработки и утилизации отходов, в определенной степени ограничивающие экономические, организационные и технологические факторы, неизбежно способствуют интенсификации удаления отходов на свалки. На свалках отходов в результате протекающих физических, химических и биологических реакций образуются газы и токсичный фильтрат. Поскольку из-за недостаточного контроля на свалку вместе с бытовыми, коммунальными отходами удалялись и промышленные отходы, в составе образующихся газов и фильтрата имеется много токсичных соединений. Опасные отходы еще более увеличили спектр токсичных материалов и соединений в газах и фильтрате свалки. Химический состав и концентрация отдельных компонентов грунтовых и поверхностных вод в районе свалки определяют проникновение фильтрата и промышленных растворов в грунт и их перенос подземными течениями. В статье изучается влияние тяжелых металлов из фильтрата свалки в Лапес на состояние вод в районе свалки. Промышленные отходы способствовали появлению в фильтрате ионов основных загрязняющих элементов Cu, Ni, Zn, Pb, Mn, Cr, сульфидов этих металлов и других токсичных соединений. Первое поле накопления отходов в большей степени загрязнено тяжелыми металлами, чем третье поле. Во всех опытных образцах воды отмечена самая большая концентрация ионов железа, почти в 200 раз превышающая допустимую норму HN 24:2003. Наименьшее загрязнение тяжелыми металлами отмечено в подземной воде источников (посты S11 и S17). Грунтовые воды больше всего загрязнены в скважине G13s. Поверхностные воды ручьев, в которые проникает фильтрат, а также сливается очищенный фильтрат, содержат небольшие концентрации тяжелых металлов, которые разбавляются течением и уменьшаются.


2007 ◽  
Vol 336-338 ◽  
pp. 2278-2281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Kyong Na ◽  
Dong Pil Kang ◽  
Hoy Yul Park ◽  
Myeong Sang Ahn ◽  
In Hye Myung

Three kinds of colloidal silica (CS)/silane sol solutions were synthesized in variation with parameters such as different acidity and reaction time. Sol solutions were prepared from HSA CS/ methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS), LS CS/MTMS and LS CS/MTMS/γ -Glycidoxypropyltri methoxysilane (ES) solutions. In order to understand their physical and chemical properties, sol-gel coating films were fabricated on glass. Coating films on glass, obtained from LS/MTMS sol, had high contact angle, also, much enhanced flat surface in the case of LS/MTMS sol was observed in comparison with HSA/ MTMS sol. From all sol-gel solutions, seasoning effect of for enhancing properties of sol-gel coating layer on glass was observed while such sol-gel solutions were left for 7days. In initial stage of sol-gel reaction, all most of sol solutions used in this work seem to be unstable, formation of coating films was a little hazy and rough. However, improved coating films as observed in 4days later. LS/MTMS/ES sol solutions were synthesized with ES, adding to LS/MTMS sol. Contact angle of LS/MTMS/ES sol-gel coating films decreased, since ES played a role in forming hydrophilic hydroxyl sol. The elastic portion of coating films prepared from LS/MTMS/ES sol increased with addition of ES, but thermal stability decreased a little.


1990 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
John F. Oliver ◽  
A. Y. Jones

ABSTRACTThis article describes a print quality evaluation of laboratory designed ink jet papers prepared on a dynamic former. A comparison with various plain and coated papers serves to illustrate the potential opportunity for papermakers to exploit novel types of paper structures in the future. The article will also briefly focus on some of the fundamental issues and key paper properties which perturb print quality and govern the capillary absorption of aqueous inks.


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