Experimental Research on the Engineering Properties of Foam-Improved Red Clay Soil

2011 ◽  
Vol 261-263 ◽  
pp. 1831-1835
Author(s):  
Guo Gang Qiao ◽  
Da Jun Yuan ◽  
Bo Liu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Research ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Screw Conveyor ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Improvement Measures

Red clay soil is widely distributed in south China, the microstructure of red clay soil was studied applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) test found that a large number of swelling inducing minerals, for example, montmorillonite, illite-montmorillonite or chlorite-smectite were contained in the red clay soil. Shield tunneling in this kind of stratum is prone to arising “cake” and “arch” phenomena and it prone to lead screw conveyor device unsmooth dumping, so soil improvement measures must be taken. Foam as the most advanced soil conditioner has been widely used in shield construction. Using self-developed foam agent, experimental research on foam conditioning red clay soil was carried out, test results show that foam can not only significantly reduce the soil shear strength, but also can greatly enhance the soil's compressibility and fluidity, which is significant for the smooth dumping and excavation face stability maintenance.

Experimental Research of Engineering Properties and Improvement Measures of Ginger-Stone Soil

2012 ◽  
Vol 598 ◽  
pp. 511-515
Author(s):  
Hong Lu Mao ◽  
Pei Zhi Zhuang ◽  
Yi Wu Feng
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Capillary Action ◽  
Test Compaction ◽  
Compaction Test ◽  
Cbr Test ◽  
Improvement Measures

The compactness is prone to markedly decreased after dampening in the subgrade filled by Ginger-stone soil. To solve this problem, a series of tests have been done on the conventional and improved Ginger-stone soil, such as granule analysis test, compaction test, CBR test and water stability test. The test results indicates that the CBR value of Ginger-stone soil is low and it has a strong capillary action, which make it cannot be directly used for roadbed filling of expressway and first class highway. By adding the lime(3%) and fly ash (9%) into the Ginger-stone soil, the CBR value and water stability of sample are obviously improved, and its control of construction becomes easy, so the improved Ginger-stone soil can be directly used as roadbed filling.

UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND MICROSTRUCTURE OF CLAY SOIL STABILISED WITH BIOMASS SILICA

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fauziah Kasim ◽  
Aminaton Marto ◽  
Nur Amalina Abdul Rahman ◽  
Choy Soon Tan
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soft Soil ◽  
Soft Clay ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Treated Sample ◽  
Basic Characteristics

This study presents the Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and microstructure of clay soil stabilized with locally made Biomass Silica (BS) in the form of SH-85. Since the construction of highway on soft soil raises many problems due to its low strength, understanding about the basic characteristics of soft clay and mixed with BS, play important role for improving the strength of the soft clay. The study carried out had the specific objectives to determine engineering properties of soft clay, to investigate the UCS of soft clay treated with BS and to analyze microstructure of the soft soil treated by BS with respect to various curing periods. In this study, 30 samples of clay soil were prepared under various curing periods (0, 7, 14 and 28 days) and mixed with BS at various percentages (5 %, 7 % and 9 %). The test results show that BS can increase the strength of the clay soil. The 9% BS treated sample for 7 days curing time achieved UCS of 710 kPa. This was approximately 6 times greater than that of untreated soil strength. The highest strength was 1216 kPa at 28 days curing for soil mixed with 9% BS. The images of Scanning Electron Microscopic show that the voids of the clay would filled by the new component resulted by the reaction of BS stabilizer with the natural clay samples. This led to a continuous soil fabric resulting with stronger and denser soil.

scholarly journals Experimental Study of High Performance Synchronous Grouting Materials Prepared with Clay

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1362
Author(s):  
Ying Cui ◽  
Zhongsheng Tan
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cement Hydration ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Grouting Material ◽  
Grouting Materials

Shield construction discharges a large amount of soil and muck. The utilization of discharged soil of shield always has high energy consumption and a low utilization rate. Meanwhile, synchronous grouting is a key process for shield tunneling. The current studies show that the synchronous grouting materials applied now generally have the problem of mismatching among filling property, fluidity, and consolidation strength. In order to study the feasibility of using the excavated soil produced by shield construction in clay stratum as synchronous grouting material, high performance synchronous grouting material was studied by taking red clay as an example, modified by epoxy resin. The fluidity, stability, and strength were measured to evaluate performance of the grout. Material test results show that the addition of waterborne epoxy resin decreases density, improves the stability, the rate of stone, and the toughness of the grouting concretion. Finally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were measured to analyze the cementitious mechanism of the grout, test results demonstrated that cement hydration and curing reaction of epoxy resin happened in the grout, the formed polymer film filled the voids in the mixture and effectively bound cement hydration gel and clay particles together.

Test Research on Modified-Soils of Foam-Conditioned for Metro Shield Tunneling Engineering

2010 ◽  
Vol 168-170 ◽  
pp. 1566-1571
Author(s):  
Bo Liu ◽  
Li Huang ◽  
Guo Gang Qiao ◽  
Tao Li
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Clay Soils ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Tunneling Engineering ◽  
Ground Damage ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Soil improvement is one of the most important problems to be solved for shielding tunneling in the complex strata. Now the foam modifying soils technique has been widely used in shield tunneling construction. A new foaming agent used for soil properties improvement is developed and presented in this paper. This paper presents test research of soil properties improvement on sand in rich-water strata and clay soils from permeability, fluidity, compressibility and shear strength. Compared with the imported and domestic foaming agent, the basic performances of the newly developed foaming agent are obtained. Some conclusions are drawn in the paper, and it is significant to improve the engineering properties of soil and reduce the ground damage in shield tunneling construction.

scholarly journals Environmental Benefits of Cement and Areca Nut Husk Ash on Behavior of Clay and Red Clay

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 4158-4163
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Ground Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Equal Proportion ◽  
Areca Nut ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Limit Test

The swelling and shrinkage characteristics of clay soil types cause many problems in civil engineering works like Laying, buildings and roads constructions. These soil types tend to put challenges to civil engineers as their shearing strength and bearing capacity are extremely low. Many studies have been made to rectify these challenges by using different materials and various innovative ways that could possibly improve the soil engineering properties, as well as reduce environmental hazards in a cost-effective way. This study focuses on the use of areca nut husk ash and cement as admixture to improve the stabilization properties of clay and red clay soil types. The stabilization of soil was tested by adopting the standard methods such as Atterberg’s limit test, Standard proctor test and unconfined compressive strength test by mixing equal proportion of admixture to both soil types with varying percentages of clay (0%, 3%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and red clay (0%, 2%, 3% and 4%) soils. From the results, it was observed that clay soil with 6% of admixture and red clay with 3% admixture were optimum and the findings clearly showed that the stability of clay and red clay soil, can be improved by admixture containing areca nut husk ash and cement and this can be used as a good ground improvement technique in engineering projects.

scholarly journals Multi-scale analysis on soil improved by alkali activated binders

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 11003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enza Vitale ◽  
Giacomo Russo ◽  
Dimitri Deneele
Keyword(s):  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Time Test ◽  
Alkali Activated Binders ◽  
Alkali Activated ◽  
Initial Reactivity ◽  
Mineralogical Phases

In the present paper, the use of alkali activated binders to improve engineering properties of clayey soils is presented as an alternative to traditional binders such as lime or cement. An alkali-activated fly ash and its chemo-physical evolution has been monitored at increasing curing times by means of X-Ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Alkali-activated binder has been mixed with soil for evaluating the improvement of its mechanical behaviour. One-dimensional compression tests on treated samples have been performed with particular reference to effects induced by binder content and curing time. Test results showed a high initial reactivity of the alkali activated systems promoting formation of new mineralogical phases responsible of the mechanical improvement of the treated soil.

Transient liquid phase bonding of Cu and Al using metallic particles interlayers

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440542098823
Author(s):  
Alireza Zaheri ◽  
Mohammadreza Farahani ◽  
Alireza Sadeghi ◽  
Naser Souri
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase ◽  
Transient Liquid Phase Bonding ◽  
Joint Interface ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Metallic Particles ◽  
Powder Interlayer

The bonding strength, and microstructures of Cu and Al couples using metallic powders as interlayer during transient liquid phase bonding (TLP bonding) were investigated. The interfacial morphologies and microstructures were studied by scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. First, to explore the optimum bonding time and temperature, nine samples were bonded without interlayers in a vacuum condition. Mechanical test results indicated that bonding at 560°C in 20 min returns the highest bond strength (84% of Al). This bonding condition was used to join ten samples with powder interlayers. Powders were prepared by mixing different combinations of Cu, Al (+Fe nanoparticles) and Zn. In the bonding zone, different Cu9Al4, CuAl, and CuAl2 intermetallic co-precipitate. The strongest bonding is formed in the sample with the 70Al (+Fe)-30Cu powder interlayer. Powder interlayers present thinner and more uniform intermetallic layers at the joint interface.

scholarly journals The Influence Of NO/O2 On The NOx Storage Properties Over A Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1459-1465
Author(s):  
Xuedong Feng ◽  
Jing Yi ◽  
Peng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
No Oxidation ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Storage Performance ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Al2o3 Catalyst

AbstractWith the purpose of studying the influence of NO/O2 on the NOx storage activity, a Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was synthesized by an acid-aided sol-gel method. The physical and chemical properties of the catalyst were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) methods. The results showed that the composition of the catalyst was well-crystallized and the crystalline size of CeO2 (111) was about 5.7 nm. The mechanism of NO and NO2 storage and NOx temperature programmed desorption (NO-TPD) experiments were investigated to evaluate the NOx storage capacity of the catalyst. Pt-Ba-Ce/γ-Al2O3 catalyst presented the supreme NOx storage performance at 350℃, and the maximum value reached to 668.8 μmol / gcat. Compared with O2-free condition, NO oxidation to NO2 by O2 had a beneficial effect on the storage performance of NOx. NO-TPD test results showed that the NOx species stored on the catalyst surface still kept relatively stable even below 350℃.

scholarly journals Swelling Properties and Permeability of GMZ Bentonite-Sand Mixtures during Different Solutions Infiltration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Wang ◽  
Zhe Wang ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Fa-Cheng Yi ◽  
Bao-Long Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Swelling Pressure ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Gmz Bentonite ◽  
Test Results ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Swelling Properties ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Slow Expansion ◽  
Expansion Stage ◽  
Chemical Solutions

In China, Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite is recognized as a barrier material for isolating nuclear waste. Different chemical solutions may change the hydraulic conductivity and swelling capacity of bentonite. Consequently, a series of swelling pressure and permeability experiments was carried out on bentonite-sand mixtures with various dry densities and infiltrating solutions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) were carried out on the samples experiencing the tests to identify the influence of chemistry pore solutions upon the mineralogical and microstructure changes. The results show that the swelling pressure experienced rapid swelling, slow expansion, and the stable expansion stage for the specimens of infiltrating solutions except for NaOH. For the specimens infiltrated with NaOH solutions, the swelling pressure experienced rapid increases, slow decreases, and a stable development stage. With hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity infiltration, the swelling pressure decreased, and the permeability increased. In addition, swelling pressure attained stability more quickly on contact with hyper-alkaline and hyper-salinity solutions. Comparing the test results, the results indicate that the influence of NaOH on the expansion and permeability was higher than NaCl-Na2SO4 at the same concentration.

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