Influence of Blow-Up Ratio on Properties of Cellulose Packaging Films by Blow-Extrusion Process

The blow-extruded tube-like regeneration cellulose films in different blow-up ratios were prepared by NMMO technology. It was studied the effect of different blow-up ratio on the mechanical and obstructing properties as well as the morphology cross-section of cellulose blown films. It is found that the tensile strength and obstructing performance except elongation at break of films are improved when blow-up ratios increasing. The tensile strength of 1.3, 1.7 blow-up ratio cellulose blown films in longitudinal and transverse is 36.4MPa and 39.9MPa, 13.8MPa and 29.04MPa, respectively. The elongation at a break of 1.3, 1.7 blow-up ratio cellulose blown films in longitudinal and transverse is 105.4% and 72.01%, 42.4% and 25.79%, respectively. The OPF and WVP value of 1.3, 1.7 blow-up ratio cellulose blown films are 13.34×10-15cm3•cm/(cm2•s•Pa) and 1.36×10-15cm3•cm/(cm2•s•Pa) , 4.18×10-13g•cm/cm2•s•Pa and 1.87×10-13g•cm/cm2•s•Pa, respectively. The SEM picture of cross-section of 1.7 blow-up ratio films displays denser and lower porosity than 1.3 blow-up ratio films. According to the results of study, the films prepared by using NMMO technology would be used in food packaging or other fields as a kind of green packaging material.

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The Structure and Properties Research on Poly(Lactide-Co-Trimethylene Carbonate) Film Prepared by Blow Molding

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.750-752.1930 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 750-752 ◽

pp. 1930-1933

Author(s):

Jiang Ping Chang ◽

Hong Li Li ◽

Ying Jie Zhang ◽

Guo Xian Zhou ◽

Ming Long Yuan

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Ring Opening ◽

Water Vapor Permeability ◽

Vapor Permeability ◽

Trimethylene Carbonate ◽

Blown Films ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Blow Molding ◽

Food And Beverage ◽

Carbonate Film

The poly (lactide-co-trimethylene carbonate) copolymers are prepared by ring opening polymerization and catalyzed by SnOct and their films are prepared by blow molding. The 1HNMR study demonstrates that PLA-PTMC copolymers were successfully obtained and the graft way is A-B model. The water vapor permeability (WVP) of the films decreases with the increasing TMC content due to the formation of denser structure. The mechanical measurement reveals that the tensile strength of blown films has been declined with the increasing TMC content, but the elongation at break is improved and the tensile strength can be satisfied for the requirement of film product. Therefore, the copolymer film will be great prospect in the application of food and beverage packing.

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Cellulose-Based Films with Ultraviolet Shielding Performance Prepared Directly from Waste Corrugated Pulp

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13193359 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (19) ◽

pp. 3359

Author(s):

Guangmei Xia ◽

Qiwen Zhou ◽

Zhen Xu ◽

Jinming Zhang ◽

Xingxiang Ji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Ionic Liquid ◽

Daily Life ◽

Deionized Water ◽

Packaging Materials ◽

Important Paper ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Tremendous Amount ◽

Ultraviolet Shielding

As the most important paper packaging materials, corrugated cartons with a tremendous amount of production demonstrate several advantages and have been widely used in daily life. However, waste corrugated cartons (WCCs) are usually recycled and reused to produce new corrugated cartons, and their properties are decreased dramatically after several cycles. Therefore, recycling and converting WCCs into cellulose-based film with high value is attractive and significant. Herein, without any pretreatment, the waste old corrugated cartons were directly dissolved in ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride, and semitransparent cellulose-based films were successfully fabricated. It was indicated that cellulose-based films displayed better UV-shielding property and hydrophobicity than traditional cellulose films. Interestingly, the cellulose-based films regenerated from deionized water displayed higher tensile strength, elongation at break, and toughness. Their tensile strength could reach 23.16 MPa, exhibiting enormous superiority as wrapping and packaging materials to replace the petrochemical polyethylene membrane (8.95 MPa). Consequently, these renewable, biodegradable, and high-valued cellulose-based films were successfully fabricated to simultaneously realize the valorization of old corrugated cartons and supplement the petrochemical plastics.

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Research Regarding the Mechanical Properties of Some Biodegradable Polymeric Composites for Food Packaging Products

Materiale Plastice ◽

10.37358/mp.18.4.5061 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 55 (4) ◽

pp. 498-501

Author(s):

Constantin Gheorghe Opran ◽

Elena Grosu ◽

Marius Enachescu

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Injection Molding ◽

Biodegradable Polymers ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Young Modulus ◽

Important Application ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Amorphous Character ◽

Sem Analyses

Biodegradable polymers became one of the most important materials with large applicability, as they do not generate wastes after life cycle. An important application is food packaging fabricated by injection molding processing. In this paper, we present the investigation of the mechanical properties of some biodegradable polymers based on PLA composites obtained by melting processing and their morphology studied by SEM analyses, in comparison to polypropylene and neat PLA. We found out that tensile strength, elongation at break and Young modulus exhibit values appropriate to injection molding processing and they are very close related to crystalline or amorphous character of the materials.

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Physical and mechanical properties of agar based edible film with glycerol plasticizer

10.31227/osf.io/tq2pf ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Arham Rusli

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Film Thickness ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Base Material ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Edible Film ◽

Glycerol Concentration ◽

Elongation At Break

Appropriate concentration of base material and plasticizer is required to obtain good physical and mechanical properties of edible film for food packaging and preservation functions. The aim of this study was to obtain the best combination of the base material and plasticizer in the manufacture of agar films based on physical and mechanical properties. Results showed that the physical and mechanical properties of the agar edible film were affected by the agar and glycerol concentrations. Increasing agar concentrations resulted in the increase in the film thickness, tensile strength (TS), and elongation at break (EAB), but decreased the filmsolubility. While increasing glycerol concentration tended to increase the film thickness and solubility, but decrease the TS of the film. The best concentration combination of agar and glycerol in this study was 3 and 10%, respectively.

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Novel Blend Films Prepared from Solution of Collagen and Cellulose in 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium Chloride Ionic Liquid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.418-420.30 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 418-420 ◽

pp. 30-33 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Huai Fang Wang ◽

Hai Ning Lv ◽

Jing Feng ◽

Zhi Kai Wang

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Weight Ratio ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

Strong Interactions ◽

Mixing Ratio ◽

Absorption Properties ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Blend Films ◽

Cellulose Films

Collagen/cellulose films were made by the blend solutions of collagen, cellulose in this paper. To begin with, collagen and cellulose was dissolved in 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([Amim]Cl）. The structure of the blend films was characterized by FTIR and XRD. The effects of weight ratio between the two polymers on light transmittance, tensile strength, elongation at break and water absorption of the film were studied. The results showed that there were strong interactions and good compatibility between collagen and cellulose in the film and the polymers have strongest interactions at the mixing ratio of 5:5. The blend films possess better properties such as mechanical and water absorption properties than those made of single polymer.

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Eco-friendly synthesis of biodegradable and high strength ternary blend films of PVA/starch/pectin: Mechanical, thermal and biodegradation studies

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/0967391120972881 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 096739112097288

Author(s):

Sohan Lal ◽

Vinod Kumar ◽

Sanjiv Arora

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Tensile Properties ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Corn Starch ◽

Plastic Material ◽

Ternary Blend ◽

Cross Linking ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Blend Films

The present study described reduces of plastic based non-biodegradable food packaging material and sustainability toward the environmental protection. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) based ternary blend biodegradable films with bio-materials (corn starch and pectin) in ratio 1:5, 1:2, 1:1 and 2:1 were synthesized by solution casting method in water as a solvent to improve the tensile strength, high % elongation at break, and sustained packaging properties. Citric acid and glycerol were used for cross-linking and plasticizing purposes which are also bio-degradable and non-toxic. Blend films were characterized by FTIR and checked out the cross-linking of different components. The dispersion of contents in films was analyzed by SEM images. Thermal stability and degradation behavior of casted films were studied with thermogravimetry and thermal stability increased in blends as compared to neat PVA film. Biodegradability of cast films was also checked by Soil Burial method and bio-degradation increased with time i.e. almost 50% degrades in 30 days and 68% after 90 days. Tensile properties of blend films were tested and found that tensile strength (18.85 MPa) and elongation at break (516%) are high in blend films as compared with neat PVA film (12.04 MPa, 170%). The films are eco-friendly and biodegradable, might be a replacement of plastic material in food packaging having improved tensile properties.

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Physical and Antioxidant Properties of Cassava Starch–Carboxymethyl Cellulose Incorporated with Quercetin and TBHQ as Active Food Packaging

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12020366 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 366 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn ◽

Lisa J. Mauer ◽

Sasitorn Wongruong ◽

Pensiri Sriburi ◽

Pornchai Rachtanapun

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Carboxymethyl Cellulose ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Antioxidative Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Cassava Starch ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Active Food Packaging

Antioxidant integration has been advocated for in polymer films, to exert their antioxidative effects in active packaging. In this study, the new antioxidant food packaging made from cassava starch–carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), which is biodegradable, edible and inexpensive, was developed. Their properties were determined and applied in food models for application. Antioxidants (quercetin and tertiary butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)) were added at various concentrations into cassava starch–carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (7:3 w/w) films containing glycerol (30 g/100 g starch–CMC) as a plasticizer. The effects of quercetin and TBHQ concentrations on the mechanical properties, solubility, antioxidative activity, and applications of the films were investigated. Addition of antioxidant improved tensile strength, but reduced elongation at break of the cassava starch–CMC film. Cassava starch–CMC films containing quercetin showed higher tensile strength, but lower elongation at break, compared to films with TBHQ. Increases in quercetin and TBHQ content decreased water solubility in the films. Both the total phenolic content and antioxidative activity (DPPH scavenging assay) still remained in films during storage time (30 days). In application, cassava starch–CMC film containing quercetin and TBHQ can retard the oxidation of lard (35–70 days) and delay the discoloration of pork.

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Hot Water Extraction of Corncob Hemicelluloses to Prepare Composite Films

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.412 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 989-994 ◽

pp. 412-415

Author(s):

Qing Xue Yu ◽

Guang Yu ◽

Yue Dong Zhang ◽

Ye Fei Liu ◽

Hai Song Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Phase Separation ◽

Cross Section ◽

Composite Films ◽

Thermal Characteristics ◽

Hot Water ◽

Hot Water Extraction ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Continuous Surface

In this study, corncob hemicelluloses were extracted by hot water to investigate its potential for film production. Extracted hemicelluloses were mixed with PVA 30 wt%, the prepared films had a smooth、uniform and continuous surface and dense cross section without the phase separation, as characterized by SEM. Besides, the mechanical properties and thermal characteristics tests showed that the films had a tensile strength of 4.6 MPa, elongation at break of 6.4%, and a nice thermally stability.

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Optimization of Extrusion Variables and Maleic Anhydride Content on Biopolymer Blends Based on Poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate)/Poly(vinyl acetate) with Tapioca Starch

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym10080827 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (8) ◽

pp. 827 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Chia-Yang Wu ◽

Wai-Bun Lui ◽

Jinchyau Peng

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Maleic Anhydride ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Starch Content ◽

Extrusion Process ◽

Screw Speed ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Tapioca Starch ◽

Operating Variables

Poly(3-hyroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and tapioca starch are environment-friendly materials. The present study used these materials to produce biodegradable plastic pellets by melt extrusion. The tapioca starch content of composite formulations, the maleic anhydride content, and the screw speed of the extruder were chosen as variables for the extrusion process. A Box-Behnken response surface design was used to establish mathematical models to predict the relationship between the operating variables and the objective attributes (tensile strength, elongation at break, and water absorption) of the blends. Blend morphology was also assessed. The regression coefficients revealed that the extrusion parameters most significantly affecting extrudate responses were tapioca starch content and maleic anhydride content, both showing significant (p < 0.01) linear effects. The results of the analysis of variance found the models are in good agreement with experimental results as informed by high correlation coefficients (R2 > 0.9), with no significant lack of fit. From the numerical analysis, optimized operating variables (20.13% tapioca starch content, 10.14% maleic anhydride content, and a screw speed of 41.3 rpm) produced a product with optimum values of 16.4 MPa tensile strength, 13.2% elongation at break, and 30.94% water absorption.

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Preparation of Cellulose Films from Sustainable CO2/DBU/DMSO System

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym11060994 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. 994 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Longming Jin ◽

Jianyun Gan ◽

Gang Hu ◽

Long Cai ◽

Zaiquan Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Solvent System ◽

Light Transmittance ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Force Microscopy ◽

Cellulose Films ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Dmso System ◽

Amorphous Structures

Cellulose films are regarded as sustainable materials having wide applications in food packaging, separation, etc. Their preparation substantially relies on sufficient dissolution. Herein, various celluloses adequately dissolved in a new solvent system of carbon dioxide,1, 8-diazabicyclo [5.4.0] undec-7-ene and dimethyl sulfoxide (CO2/DBU/DMSO) were made in to films using different regeneration reagents. The films regenerated from ethanol and methanol presented homogeneous and smooth surfaces, while those from 5 wt % NaOH (aq.) and 5 wt % H2SO4 (aq.) showed rough surfaces, as analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The films regenerated from 5 wt % NaOH (aq.) and 5 wt % H2SO4 (aq.) rendered cellulose II structures, while those regenerated from alcohols had amorphous structures as evidenced using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) results. The films made of microcrystalline cellulose had a good light transmittance of about 90% at 800 nm with a tensile strength of 55 MPa and an elongation break of 6.5%, while those from wood pulp cellulose demonstrated satisfactory flexibility with a tensile strength of 91 MPa and an elongation break of 9.0%. This research reports a simple, environmental, and sustainable method to prepare cellulose films of good mechanical properties.

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