Preparation of LiFePO4/C Composite Powders

2011 ◽  
Vol 391-392 ◽  
pp. 377-380
Author(s):  
Guo Jun Li ◽  
Ming Yang ◽  
Hai Li Jing ◽  
Rui Ming Ren

LiFePO4/C composite powders were prepared by a simple reaction of as-synthesized FePO4•2H2O, LiOH•H2O, oxalic acid and citric acid. The influence of oxalic acid and citric acid in different ratios was investigated on morphology and electrochemical performance of LiFePO4/C composite powders. The characterization of the composites included X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD analysis indicates that the material is well crystallized without impurities. The obtained LiFePO4/C composite powders with well dispersion at CA/OA ratio of 1:1.50 and the initial charge capacity reached 159.3 mAhg-1 at 0.1C rate, meanwhile, the particles prepared at 1:0.75 were close to spherical in shape and the specific capacity value was 149.8 mAhg-1 at 0.1C rate, with a slight decrease on greater C-rates reaching 141.3 mAhg-1 at 1C.

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.


Author(s):  
M.T. Blatchford ◽  
A.J. Horlock ◽  
D.G. McCartney ◽  
P.H. Shipway ◽  
J.V. Wood

Abstract In this paper, the production of NiCr-TiC powder by SHS, suitable for HVOF spraying, is discussed together with results on the microstructure and coating properties. Compacts for SHS were prepared by mixing elemental Ti and C with pre-alloyed Ni-20wt.% Cr powder to give an overall composition of 35wt.% NiCr and 65wt.% TiC. These were then ignited and a self-sustaining reaction proceeded to completion. Reacted compacts were crushed, sieved, and classified to give feedstock powders in size ranges of 10-45 µm and 45-75 µm. All powder was characterized prior to spraying based on particle size distribution, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Thermal spraying was performed using both H2 and C3H6 as fuel gases in a UTP/Miller Thermal HVOF system. The resulting coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD analysis, and the microstructures correlated with powder size and spray conditions. Abrasive wear was determined by a modified 'dry sand rubber wheel' (DSRW) test and wear rates were measured. It has been found that wear rates comparable to those of HVOF sprayed WC-17wt% Co coatings can be achieved.


2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1732-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hai Shen ◽  
Yu Gang Zheng ◽  
Liang Chang ◽  
Jin Jia Guo ◽  
Song Bin Ye ◽  
...  

Aiming at the glass-to-metal seals serving in the Solar Thermal Power (STP), glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to examine the microstructure and element contents of interface seam on the glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints. Also, the compositional concentration of the interface seam was measured by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).


2012 ◽  
Vol 581-582 ◽  
pp. 570-573
Author(s):  
Jia Feng Zhang ◽  
Bao Zhang ◽  
Xue Yi Guo ◽  
Jian Long Wang ◽  
He Zhang Chen ◽  
...  

The LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C was synthesized by carbon reduction route using FePO4•2H2O as precursor. The LiFe0.98Ni0.01Nb0.01PO4/C sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electrochemical measurements. The XRD analysis, SEM and TEM images show that sample has the good crystal structure, morphology and carbon coating. The charge-discharge tests demonstrate that the powder has the better electrochemical properties, with an initial discharge capacity of 164.6 mAh•g−1 at current density of 0.1 C. The capacity retention reaches 99.8% after 100 cycles at 0.1C.


2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1091-1096
Author(s):  
Dong Fang Han ◽  
Qun Tang ◽  
Qing Meng Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Ju Du

The structure and property of Ce-doped Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 (BST) were investigated as a function of Ce content. The density experiment results confirmed that increasing the Ce doping ratio caused the decrease in shrinkage factor of BST in the sintering procedure. Additionally, both Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that the grain size of Ce-doped BST was dependent on the Ce content. Further more, the dielectric constant and dielectric loss had a curve relationship with increasing Ce content. The improvement of the electrical properties of Ce doping BST may be related to the decrease in the concentration of oxygen vacancies. According to the research, the diameter of grain, the dielectric constant and loss factor of the 1mol% Ce-doped Ba0.2Sr0.8TiO3 were 500nm, 365.8 and 0.0063, respectively.


2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (11) ◽  
pp. 7172-7177 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Senko ◽  
Thomas A. Dewers ◽  
Lee R. Krumholz

ABSTRACT A nitrate-dependent Fe(II)-oxidizing bacterium was isolated and used to evaluate whether Fe(II) chemical form or oxidation rate had an effect on the mineralogy of biogenic Fe(III) (hydr)oxides resulting from nitrate-dependent Fe(II) oxidation. The isolate (designated FW33AN) had 99% 16S rRNA sequence similarity to Klebsiella oxytoca. FW33AN produced Fe(III) (hydr)oxides by oxidation of soluble Fe(II) [Fe(II)sol] or FeS under nitrate-reducing conditions. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fe(III) (hydr)oxide produced by oxidation of FeS was shown to be amorphous, while oxidation of Fe(II)sol yielded goethite. The rate of Fe(II) oxidation was then manipulated by incubating various cell concentrations of FW33AN with Fe(II)sol and nitrate. Characterization of products revealed that as Fe(II) oxidation rates slowed, a stronger goethite signal was observed by XRD and a larger proportion of Fe(III) was in the crystalline fraction. Since the mineralogy of Fe(III) (hydr)oxides may control the extent of subsequent Fe(III) reduction, the variables we identify here may have an effect on the biogeochemical cycling of Fe in anoxic ecosystems.


2012 ◽  
Vol 548 ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Jia Hua Ma ◽  
Cheng Jia Tan ◽  
Xia Deng ◽  
Chao Xin

Preparation techniques of chitosan from Catharsius molossus L. processing discards were studied by orthogonal design. Preparation techniques were as follows:demineralizing: soaked for 30 min at 80 °C with 1.3 mol•L-1 HCl, then kept for 12 h under room temperature. Deproteinization and delipidation: treated for 6 h at 90 °C with 4 mol•L-1 NaOH. Decolorizing: soaked at room temperature with 3% KMnO4, then treated with 2% oxalic acid at 70 °C. Deacetylation: treated for 6 h at 110 °Cwith 14 mol•L-1 NaOH. Properties of chitosan were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), etc. It proved the technique was stable and feasible. The result also preliminarily showed that chitosan from Catharsius molossus L. was better than shrimp’s. It will be widely applicated in biomedical and other industrial areas with such exiciting properties.


2021 ◽  
Vol 2129 (1) ◽  
pp. 012092
Author(s):  
Suffi Irni Alias ◽  
Banjuraizah Johar ◽  
Syed Nuzul Fadzli Adam ◽  
Mustaffa Ali Azhar Taib ◽  
Fatin Fatini Othman ◽  
...  

Abstract The porcelain formulation containing percentages of treated FGD sludge waste from 5% up to 15% in replacement of feldspar were prepared. The porcelain mixture formulation were mixed by high energy planatery mill at speed 300 rpm for 1 hours. The powder were compacted by using hydraulic press and sintered at temperature 1200 °C for 3 hours. The sintered samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescene (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Thermogravimetry/Differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DCS). The primary effect concerning the addition of treated FGD sludge was the change of intensity composition (gypsum and anhydrate) in porcelain formulation. The XRD analysis has shown that the main component in sludge waste were gypsum and anhydrate.


2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Yelmida Azis ◽  
Cory Dian Alfarisi ◽  
Komalasari Komalasari ◽  
Khairat Khairat ◽  
Yusnimar Sahan

Hydroxyapatite (HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) is the most stable form of calcium phosphate and widely used in various medical applications, mainly in orthopedics and dentistry due to its close similarities with the inorganic mineral component of bone and teeth. This study aims to synthesize hydroxyapatite from duck eggshell using the precipitation method. The duck eggshell was calcined, hydrated (slaking) and underwent carbonation to form Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC).  Afterwards, (NH4)2HPO4 was added to produce HAp by varying the molar ratio of Ca/P by 1.67, 1.77 and 1.87 and stirring speed by 200, 250, 300rpm under basic condition (pH 10 – 11). The best results were obtained at a molar ratio of 1.77 with 200rpm stirring speed. Furthermore, the X-ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis showed that its crystals were hexagonal with sizes of 23.062nm, in the absence of other crystalline phases. Therefore, the hydroxyapatite was obtained in the agglomerates form with a specific surface area of ??55.929m2/g.


2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Oulmou ◽  
A Benhamida ◽  
A Dorigato ◽  
A Sola ◽  
M Messori ◽  
...  

The preparation and thermo-mechanical characterization of composites based on polyamide 11 (PA11) filled with various amounts of both expandable and expanded graphites are presented. Investigation conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and surface area analyses indicated how graphite expanded under the selected processing conditions. The XRD analysis on PA11/graphite composites revealed no change in the crystal form of the PA11, while the presence of diffraction peaks associated to the graphite-stacked lamellae can be still detected. All the investigated composites showed an improvement of the thermal stability and mechanical properties (elastic and storage moduli).


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