Preparation and Performance Investigation of Phenolic Foam

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 1508-1511
Author(s):  
Li Yan Wang ◽  
Guang Qing Gai ◽  
Huan Yang Yu ◽  
Wen Long Liu
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Acid Complex ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Phenolic Foam ◽  
And Performance

A phenolic foam(PF) with excellent performance was prepared with the raw materials containing of non-fluorine complex foaming agent,organic and inorganic acid complex curing agent, surfactant twain-80 and self-regulating phenolic resin.The effects of curing temperature,curing agent, foaming agent on curing time,apparent density,compression strength,thermal conductivity and oxygen index of PF were investigated.The optimal technological parameters were obtained.This has important guiding significance for preparation and modification research of PF

Study on the Preparation of 2-Phenyl Imidazole Microcapsule and its Effect on Curing Epoxy Resin

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1649-1652
Author(s):  
Ai Jie Ma ◽  
Qiu Yu Zhang ◽  
You Qiang Shi
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Curing Kinetics ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Thermal Analyzer ◽  
Epoxy Resin System ◽  
Curing Kinetic ◽  
Resin Curing ◽  
Micro Morphology

In this paper, 2-phenyl imidazole (2-PZ) microcapsule-type curing agent of epoxy resin were prepared through solvent volatilization with 2-PZ and polymethyl acrylic glycidyl ester (PGMA) as the raw materials. The micro-morphology, shape and structure of the microcapsules were studied by scanning electronic microscope (SEM) and fourier transform infrared spectrum (FT-IR). The curing kinetics of microcapsule curing agent/epoxy resin E-44 curing system were studied using TGA/DSC simultaneous thermal analyzer. Results showed that the preparation method is simple and effective and the prepared 2-PZ microcapsules have smooth surfaces and monodisperse size. And the curing kinetic study of epoxy resin system suggested epoxy resin curing temperature was rising with the increase of heating rate.

Preparation of EPDM Flame-Resistant Cable Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 151 ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Li Wu ◽  
Lei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardants ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Flame Retardance ◽  
Dicumyl Peroxide ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Better Than ◽  
The Ideal

EPDM cable materials were prepared, in which EPDM was used as raw materials, silica as a reinforcement, sulfur and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the curing agent, aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MH) as the flame retardants. The best content and cure parameters of EPDM cable materials were determined by testing hardness, tensile strength, elongation at break, thermal properties and oxygen index, as well as analyzing SEM. The results showed that the properties of EPDM cable materials with DCP were better than those with sulfur or sulfur / DCP blend. The flame retardance of EPDM cable materials with ATH / MH blend was better than that with ATH or MH. The ideal formula of EPDM flame-resistant cable material was EPDM 100 phr, silica 45 phr, DCP 3.5 phr, ATH 90 phr and MH 10 phr. The best curing conditions were at 170 °C under 1.2 MPa for 10 min.

Study on Properties of a Novel Flame Retardant Epoxy Curing Agent

2019 ◽  
Vol 953 ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
Yong Li Peng ◽  
Can Zhang ◽  
Ni An Zhuo
Keyword(s):  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Resin System ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Epoxy Curing

Using 9, 10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10 oxide (DOPO) and N-methylol acrylamide as the main raw materials, the curing agent DOPO-NMA was synthesized. The flame retardant curing agent DOPO-NMA and E-51 epoxy resin (EP) were then cured to obtain epoxy resin E-51 system, and its flame retardancy, thermal stability and mechanical properties were studied. The results showed that the tensile, bending and impact strength of the cured system decreased with the increase of phosphorus mass fraction in the resin system, and the flame retardancy rating, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and char yield at 700°C increased with the increase of phosphorus mass fraction in the resin system.

scholarly journals Preparation of a Cenosphere Curing Agent and Its Application to Foam Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongwei Liu ◽  
Kang Zhao ◽  
Yufei Tang ◽  
Chi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Autogenous Shrinkage ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Hardened Cement ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Positive Functions ◽  
Flotation Solution

Cenospheres are hollow and spherical particles extracted from fly ash. Controllable separation of cenosphere particles with different densities and sizes can be realized by controlling the density of a flotation solution of cenospheres. In this paper, cenospheres were corroded by hydrofluoric acid to produce perforated pores on their shell surfaces. Then, the cenospheres were mixed with water to prepare the cenosphere curing agent. Foam concrete was prepared using ordinary Portland cement (42.5 R), vegetable protein foaming agent, fly ash, cenospheres, and the cenosphere curing agent as raw materials. The water absorption rate of the cenosphere curing agent was 156.0 wt.%, and 85% of the loaded water was released at a relative humidity of 97.4%, which met the microenvironment requirements of foam concrete. Addition of the cenosphere curing agent during foam concrete preparation has the following positive functions for foam concrete: inhibiting autogenous shrinkage, promoting the hydration degree, improving the state of the interfacial transition zone between cenospheres and the hardened cement paste, reducing the number of connected pores, relieving the stress concentration on the pore walls, and enhancing the compression strength of the foam concrete.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

A New Aluminium Silicon-Boron Nitride Abradable for Compressor Components

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boddenberg ◽  
B. Kock ◽  
M. Dorfman ◽  
L. Russo ◽  
M. Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Abradable Coatings ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Abstract Air separation plants use centrifugal compressors where air and electrical energy are the only raw materials used in the production process. So energy costs play a crucial role and the compressors are heavily penalized when guaranteed performance levels are not achieved. In order to better generate performance, abradable coatings, previously used in the gas turbine industry, have been designed into turbocompressors. This paper will show the optimization and performance improvements of a new aluminium silicon-boron nitride material.

DETERMINATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF CULINARY PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING MIXTURES AND EMULSIONS FOR ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES

2020 ◽  
pp. 189-198
Author(s):  
A. Meliaschenya ◽  
I. Kaltovich ◽  
G. Pinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Layer Width ◽  
Degree Of Hydration ◽  
Rational Sequence

The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of culinary products using dry mixtures and emulsions based on animal raw materials for additive technologies. It was found that when making products using mixtures and emulsions based on broiler chicken meat, as well as a combination of broiler chicken meat and pork, pork and beef (ratio 1:1) rational height of the layer, which makes it possible to ensure stability and safety of the product shape (with a fixed diameter of the opening of the culinary syringe – 7 mm and the optimal length of the layer - 100 mm), is from 14–21 mm (with a layer width of 7 mm) and up to 133–154 mm (with a layer width of 98 mm), which allows for improved structural and mechanical (SSL – 1090.7–1099.9 Pa) and functional and technological indicators of these products (WHC – 92.7–97.5%). The rational sequence of application and the duration of chopping of the main and auxiliary raw materials for the manufacture of emulsions, the duration of preparation (3 minutes), the degree of hydration (1:2 – 1:3) and the temperature of water for the reduction of dry mixtures (60±1° C) were established, which made it possible to develop technological schemes for the production of culinary products using additive technologies.

RATIONAL PROCESS PARAMETERS OF CHOPPED SEMI-FINISHED PRODUCTS PRODUCTION USING EMULSIONS FROM COLLAGENCONTAINING RAW MATERIALS

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-213
Author(s):  
I. Kaltovich
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Steam Treatment ◽  
Point System ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Genus Lactobacillus ◽  
Rational Process

The article presents the results of research on the determination of rational technological parameters for the production of chopped semi-products using emulsions from collagen-containing raw materials fermented by bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus. Water dosages are installed in the composition of chopped semi-finished products: 12% – with emulsions from pork skin and tails and 11% - with emulsion from connective tissue. Duration of ingredients mixing (5 minutes), sequence of raw materials laying during manufacture of articles, as well as duration of heat treatment of chopped semiproducts is determined: 25 minutes – during steaming (t = 95–100 °С), 20 minutes – during baking (t = 180 °C), 15 minutes – during frying (t = 110 °C), while recommended methods of bringing semifinished products to culinary readiness are steam treatment and baking, which allow for improved functional and technological (TUS – 79.3-81.8%, weight loss during heat treatment – 5.1–7.9%), structural and mechanical (PNS - 1413.9–1470.4 Pa) and organoleptic indicators (juiciness, appearance, consistency, taste, smell) of these products (9 points according to the 9-point system).

scholarly journals Reference evapotranspiration for Londrina, Paraná, Brazil: performance of different estimation methods

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2363
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Dlugosz da Silva ◽  
Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e Silva ◽  
Marcelo Giovanetti Canteri ◽  
Juliandra Rodrigues Rosisca ◽  
Nilson Aparecido Vieira Junior
Keyword(s):  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Performance Indices ◽  
Excellent Performance ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Temperature Radiation ◽  
And Performance

Aiming at assessing the performance of alternative methods to Penman-Monteith FAO56 for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) for Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, the methods temperature radiation, Hicks-Hess, Hargreaves-Samani (1982), Turc, Priestley-Taylor, Tanner-Pelton, Jensen-Haise, Makkink, modified Hargreaves, Stephens-Stewart, Abtew, global radiation, Ivanov, Lungeon, Hargreaves-Samani (1985), Benavides-Lopez, original Penman, Linacre, Blaney-Morin, Romanenko, Hargreaves (1974), McCloud, Camargo, Hamon, Kharrufa, McGuiness-Bordne, and Blaney-Criddle were compared to that standard method recommended by FAO. The estimations were correlated by linear regression and assessed by using the Person’s correlation coefficient (r), concordance index (d), and performance index (c) using a set of meteorological data of approximately 40 years. The methods modified Hargreaves, Stephens-Stewart, Abtew, global radiation, Ivanov, Lungeon, Hargreaves-Samani (1985), Benavides-Lopez, original Penman, and Linacre should be avoided, as they did not present excellent results. The methods McCloud, Camargo, Hamon, Kharrufa, McGuinness-Bordne, Blaney-Criddle, Hargreaves (1974), Romanenko, and Blaney-Morin were classified as very bad, not being recommended. In contrast, the methods temperature radiation, Hicks-Hess, Hargreaves-Samani (1982), Turc, Priestley-Taylor, Tenner-Pelton, Jensen-Haise, and Makkink presented excellent performance indices and can be applied in the study region.

The Effect of the Ratio between Water and Foam Concentrate at the Desired Density in the Foam Concrete Mixes

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 573-577
Author(s):  
Vladimir N. Morgun ◽  
Lyubov V. Morgun
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foam Concrete ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Stable Foam ◽  
Foam Films ◽  
Concrete Mixtures ◽  
Dispersed Particles

The scientifically grounded and experimentally confirmed features of formation of stable foam concrete mixes in time are considered. It is shown that the formation of such gas-filled structures is possible only with water content, the value of which is sufficient for wetting the surface of all solid dispersed particles of raw materials, the formation of foam films and the processes of adsorption and chemical hydration of binder particles. It is proved that taking into account the value of the aeration potential of the foaming agent, it is possible to obtain stable foam concrete mixtures of a given density

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