A New Aluminium Silicon-Boron Nitride Abradable for Compressor Components

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Boddenberg ◽  
B. Kock ◽  
M. Dorfman ◽  
L. Russo ◽  
M. Nestler
Keyword(s):  
Boron Nitride ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Air Separation ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Abradable Coatings ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Abstract Air separation plants use centrifugal compressors where air and electrical energy are the only raw materials used in the production process. So energy costs play a crucial role and the compressors are heavily penalized when guaranteed performance levels are not achieved. In order to better generate performance, abradable coatings, previously used in the gas turbine industry, have been designed into turbocompressors. This paper will show the optimization and performance improvements of a new aluminium silicon-boron nitride material.

Hot-Melt Adhesives

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 440-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Heat Resistance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lower Viscosity ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
And Function ◽  
Entanglement Network ◽  
Melt Adhesives ◽  
Hot Melt ◽  
Illustrative Application

AbstractHot-melt adhesives facilitate fast production processes because the adhesives set simply by cooling. Formulations contain polymers to provide strength and hot tack (resistance to separation while adhesive is hot), and tackifiers and/or oils to dilute the polymer entanglement network, adjust the glass-transition temperature, lower the viscosity, and improve wet-out (molecular contact of the adhesive with the substrate over the entire bonding area). Some adhesives also contain waxes to speed setting, lower viscosity, and improve heat resistance. Obtaining adequate strength and heat resistance from nonreactive hot melts requires that some component of the hot melt separate out into a dispersed but interconnected hard-phase network upon cooling. The hard phases are commonly either glassy styrene domains (for adhesives based on styrenic block copolymers) or organic crystallites (for adhesives based on waxes, olefinic copolymers, or ethylene copolymers). This article will describe first the material properties relevant to the processing and performance of hot-melt adhesives, then the chemistry and function of the specific raw materials used in hot melts, and will conclude with illustrative application examples and corresponding formulations.

Speculations on industrial electrochemistry

1981 ◽  
Vol 302 (1468) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Process Industries ◽  
Electrochemical Processes ◽  
Aluminium Production ◽  
Chemical Selectivity

Large-scale electrochemical processes are commonly used where ionic raw materials are converted into finished products that are either metals or covalently bound. Examples are aluminium production and the chlor-alkali industry. In a few cases they are used to carry out chemically difficult processes such as acrylonitrile dimerization. The advances in electrochemistry and the related electrochemical engineering, coupled with sharply increased energy costs, have led to a new appraisal of electrochemistry in the chemical process industries. It seems likely that the novel electrochemical routes will emerge in situations where the special advantages of electrochemistry such as energy specificity, absence of toxic and reactive intermediates, chemical selectivity, and specific activation of small molecules can be applied. Examples of this will possibly come in the production of chlorine chemicals, nitrogen chemicals, use of CO and CO 2 as carbon sources, and in selective oxidation processes that permit combined production of chemical intermediates and electrical energy.

Optimization and performance of an optically asymmetrical heliostat field

1999 ◽  
Vol 09 (PR3) ◽  
pp. Pr3-71-Pr3-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Romero ◽  
V. Fernández ◽  
M. Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
And Performance ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Materials Issues and Characterization of Low-k Dielectric Materials

MRS Bulletin ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Todd Ryan ◽  
Andrew J. McKerrow ◽  
Jihperng Leu ◽  
Paul S. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
Propagation Delay ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
General Criterion ◽  
Crosstalk Noise ◽  
Total Delay ◽  
Interlayer Dielectrics ◽  
Performance Improvements ◽  
And Performance

Continuing improvement in device density and performance has significantly affected the dimensions and complexity of the wiring structure for on-chip interconnects. These enhancements have led to a reduction in the wiring pitch and an increase in the number of wiring levels to fulfill demands for density and performance improvements. As device dimensions shrink to less than 0.25 μm, the propagation delay, crosstalk noise, and power dissipation due to resistance-capacitance (RC) coupling become significant. Accordingly the interconnect delay now constitutes a major fraction of the total delay limiting the overall chip performance. Equally important is the processing complexity due to an increase in the number of wiring levels. This inevitably drives cost up by lowering the manufacturing yield due to an increase in defects and processing complexity.To address these problems, new materials for use as metal lines and interlayer dielectrics (ILDs) and alternative architectures have surfaced to replace the current Al(Cu)/SiO2 interconnect technology. These alternative architectures will require the introduction of low-dielectric-constant k materials as the interlayer dielectrics and/or low-resistivity conductors such as copper. The electrical and thermomechanical properties of SiO2 are ideal for ILD applications, and a change to material with different properties has important process-integration implications. To facilitate the choice of an alternative ILD, it is necessary to establish general criterion for evaluating thin-film properties of candidate low-k materials, which can be later correlated with process-integration problems.

SIFAT MEKANIK PAPAN GYPSUM DARI SERBUK LIMBAH KAYU NON KOMERSIAL

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Saibatul Hamdi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Particle ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Gypsum Board ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Wood Particles ◽  
Sawn Timber ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Artocarpus Elasticus ◽  
Ficus Glomerata

The purpose of this research is to know the mechanical strength of gypsum board by utilizing waste sawn wood. Raw materials used consist of flour, gypsum,wood particles, boraks and kambang (Goniothalamus sp), wood tarap (Artocarpus elasticus REINW) and lua (Ficus glomerata ROXB). Wood particle 40 mesh and 60 mesh, concentrations boraks of 1 and 2 and the percentage particles of gypsum sawn timber is 300, 400 and 500%. The results showed that the average value Modulus of Rufture (MoR) in lua wood ranges from 12.55 – 14,47 kgcm2, wood kambang 25.10-31,11 kgcm2 and wood tarap 19.20- 24,18 kgcm2. As for Modulus of Elasticity (MoE) on the lua 1129,80- 2092,70 kgcm2, wood kambang 2512,37-3971,32 kgcm2 and tarap 2050,63-2691,09 kgcm2. Gypsum board are mechanical properties do not meet quality standards created SNI 03-6434-2000.Keywords: sawdust, lua, kambang, tarap, gypsum, mechanical

Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT) for industrial and medical applications-An Overview

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 2897-2908
Author(s):  
Mohammed S.Aljohani
Keyword(s):  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Electrical Capacitance ◽  
Image Reconstruction Techniques ◽  
Phase Dynamics ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Optimization And Performance

Tomography is a non-invasive, non-intrusive imaging technique allowing the visualization of phase dynamics in industrial and biological processes. This article reviews progress in Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography (ECVT). ECVT is a direct 3D visualizing technique, unlike three-dimensional imaging, which is based on stacking 2D images to obtain an interpolated 3D image. ECVT has recently matured for real time, non-invasive 3-D monitoring of processes involving materials with strong contrast in dielectric permittivity. In this article, ECVT sensor design, optimization and performance of various sensors seen in literature are summarized. Qualitative Analysis of ECVT image reconstruction techniques has also been presented.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES CONTENT IN THE LEAVES AND FRUITS OF A ROWAN-TREE (SORBUS AUCUPARIA FRUCTUS) AND ASSESSMENT OF PROSPECTS IN MEDICINE AND PHARMACY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Chernichkina A.D.
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Mountain Ash ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Active Substances ◽  
Pectin Substances

A large number of biologically active substances, organic acids, tannins, and pectin substances were detected during the study of fruits, leaves, and pulp of the fruits of mountain Ash. The content of these substances in leaves and pulp will significantly expand the arsenal of medicinal plant raw materials used. Given the wide distribution of mountain Ash in the territory of the Russian Federation, harvesting leaves from the same plants after harvesting the fruit and using pulp will make it possible to obtain new phytopreparations.

Mutual Influence Study of Food Acids and Polysaccharides of Different Nature on the Sensory Perception of Low-Calorie Sweet Dishes

Food Industry ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Minnikhanova ◽  
Nataliya Zavorokhina ◽  
Anna Gilina
Keyword(s):  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Characteristics ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Low Calorie ◽  
Functional Reserves ◽  
Materials Used

Abstract The inclusion of polysaccharide thickeners in the recipes of sweet dishes increases the functional reserves of the body, contributes to the preservation of health and the prevention of diseases. The purpose of the research is to study the sensory characteristics of polysaccharides of various nature when combined with food acids, to develop a recipe for a basic mixture of low-calorie meals for public catering. The authors analyzed citric, lactic and succinic acids in combinations with polysaccharides of various nature. Organoleptic tests were evaluated by a touch panel. The organization of the tasting analysis corresponded to GOST ISO 6658-2016; the consistency was determined according to GOST 31986-2012, GOST ISO 11036-2017, GOST ISO 8588-2011. The optimal organoleptic combinations of the presented food acids and complex additives of sweeteners (CDP) were identified, which included aspartame, sodium saccharinate, Sucralose, sweetness coefficient – 340: the mixture with citric acid had a long pleasant aftertaste without foreign tastes and the best taste characteristics. Using the “A-not A” method, we found that the sample with the addition of CDP is identical to the sucrose solution. In the second part of the study, polysaccharides were added to model samples of acids with complex sweeteners; the best sensory characteristics were obtained by model samples consisting of a mixture of low-esterified Apple pectin with lactic acid and KDP. The technology of obtaining a stable elastic jelly using low-esterified Apple pectin has been developed, since the complex mixture of sweeteners and food acids does not have a dehydrating effect. Developed a dry mix recipe that can serve as a basic development, low-calorie sweet products for catering and has a variance of use of lactic and succinic acids, depending on the flavor characteristics of the raw materials used and its corrective ability.

DAMPAK SUBSITUSI IMPORT TERHADAP DEFISIT NERACA PERDAGANGAN: STUDI KASUS IMPOR KULIT INDONESIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Yulianto ◽  
Ario Seno Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Foreign Exchange ◽  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Trade Balance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
Leather Industry ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Net Export ◽  
Balance Deficit

An alternative strategy to reduce the trade balance deficit simultaneously to increase the net foreign exchange is the import-substitution for raw materials used to produce an export goods. This paper proposes an import substitution study on footwear products that have a dependency on imported raw materials by 70 percent, with the largest composition being leather raw materials by 67 percent. This paper analyzes the relationship between subsidies on the leather industry to leather import-substitution, multiplier effect to footwear sector, and Indonesia trade balance. Author make use of simulation the on Input-Output 2010 table and Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) Model. The simulation shows 100 billion subsidies on the leather sector, lead for the substitution-import of leather by 7,94 million rupiah, increase the net export foreign exchange by 1.1 billion rupiah of the footwear sector, and for overall, increase Indonesia trade balance deficit by 68 billion rupiah. Keywords: Computable General Equilibrium, footwear, leather, net foreign exchange, subsidy.ABSTRAK: Salah satu terobosan untuk mengurangi defisit neraca perdagangan dan meningkatkan nilai neto devisa ekspor adalah dengan substitusi impor bahan baku yang digunakan untuk memproduksi barang ekspor. Paper ini mengusulkan kajian substitusi impor pada produk alas kaki yang mempunyai ketergantungan bahan baku impornya sebesar 70 persen, dengan komposisi terbesar adalah bahan baku kulit sebesar 67 persen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak stimulus subsidi pada industri kulit terhadap subtitusi impor kulit, dukungan multiplier sektor kulit terhadap sektor alas kaki, serta terhadap devisa ekspor Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan simulasi model Computable General Equilibrium (CGE). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan stimulus subsidi sebesar 100 milyar rupiah pada sektor kulit memberikan substitusi bahan baku kulit sebesar 7,94 juta rupiah, menaikkan devisa ekspor sektor alas kaki sebesar 1.1 miliar rupiah, serta secara keseluruhan menambah defisit neraca berjalan Indonesia sebesar 68 miliar rupiah. Kata kunci: alas kaki, Computable General Equilibrium (CGE), devisa ekspor, kulit, subsidi.

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