WO3-Polypyrrole Nanocomposite as Catalyst in Azelaic Acid Synthesis from Oleic Acid

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 147-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadijeh Beigom Ghoreishi ◽  
Mohd Ambar Yarmo
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Ozone Generator ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Major Reaction ◽  
Ft Ir

Catalytic oxidation of oleic acid with ozone gas by using ozone-generator and solvent free medium in the presence of WO3-Polypyrrole (ppy) nanocomposite was studied. Azelaic acid (AA) and pelargonic acids (PA) are the major reaction products, however the percentage of AA production is significantly higher than PA. Experimental results concluded that tungsten oxide and tungten oxide on polypyrrole are suitable catalysts in terms of their selectivity and activity. Reaction is done in two steps within 90 minute, showing the reasonable promotion in selectivity to AA by using WO3-ppy catalyst system compared to reaction with WO3as catalyst. WO3-ppy nanocomposite is prepared by sonication method and characterized by FT-IR, XRD, and FESEM analysis. The products of ozonolysis are identified by GC-FID and GC-MS for measuring selectivity and reactivity as well.

Catalytic Oxidation of Phosphine by Ionic Liquid-Aqueous Biophasic

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 2124-2129
Author(s):  
Yu Bing Xie ◽  
Guang Fei Qu ◽  
Ping Ning ◽  
Jiang Na Li ◽  
Yu Huan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquid ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Mixed Gas ◽  
Amount Of Substance ◽  
Purification Efficiency ◽  
Ft Ir

hydrophobicity ionic liquid [bmiPF6 mix with PdCl2 is used as catalyst and reaction medium to form biophasic liquid reaction system to catalyst mixed gas of PH3. FT-IR is used for the conformational analysis of [bmi PF6 monomer and Waters 431 chromatograph for the products of purified reaction. The relationship between temperature, oxygen concentration, the amount of substance of PdCl2 and PH3 purification efficiency have been investigated. The results show that purification efficiency remains above 99% in 300min. There is no obvious increase of purification efficiency with O2 content increased. The optimum conditions of catalyst system are: [bmiPF6: PdCl2=1:0.056 (molar ratio), temperature of 70°C between 30~70°C. The reaction products contains PO43- in the aqueous phase by instrumental analysis.

Sodium stannate promoted double bond cleavage of oleic acid by hydrogen peroxide over a heterogeneous WO3catalyst

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3619-3624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiukai Li ◽  
Joel Choo Ping Syong ◽  
Yugen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Double Bond ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Bond Cleavage ◽  
Nonanoic Acid ◽  
Reaction Efficiency ◽  
Sodium Stannate

A sodium stannate additive notably improved the reaction efficiency of tungsten oxide catalysed oleic acid (OA) cleavage by hydrogen peroxide to produce azelaic acid and nonanoic acid.

scholarly journals Optimization of A Two-Step Method to Synthesize Azelaic Acid from Oleic Acid

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 1249-1256
Author(s):  
Z. Masyithah ◽  
A. Ginting
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Oxidative Cleavage ◽  
Tungstic Acid ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Substrate Molar Ratio ◽  
Central Composite

The present study deals with the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid (OA) using hydrogen peroxide and tungstic acid as a catalyst to produce azelaic acid. A two-step method has been expanded for the optimization of a new route of azelaic acid synthesis with the addition of sodium hypochlorite as the co-oxidation. The Central Composite Design (CCD) and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) were performed to optimize the production of azelaic acid. The interaction effect among catalyst concentration, substrate molar ratio and temperature were done for optimization the conversion of oleic acid. Maximum oleic acid conversion of 99.11% was reached at substrate molar ratio of 4/1 (H2O2/OA), a catalyst concentration of 1.5% (w/wOA) and temperature of 70oC. The GC analysis shows that the yield of azelaic acid is 44.54% and pelargonic acid is 34.12%. These results indicate that the proposed process show a good strategy for the synthesis of azelaic acid from oxidative cleavage of oleic acid.

scholarly journals Study of the Synchrotron Photoionization Oxidation of Alpha-Angelica Lactone (AAL) Initiated by O(3P) at 298, 550, and 700 K

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4070
Author(s):  
Golbon Rezaei ◽  
Giovanni Meloni
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Photoionization Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Natural Substances ◽  
Primary Products ◽  
Major Reaction ◽  
Angelica Lactone ◽  
Significant Attention

In recent years, biofuels have been receiving significant attention because of their potential for decreasing carbon emissions and providing a long-term renewable solution to unsustainable fossil fuels. Currently, lactones are some of the alternatives being produced. Many lactones occur in a range of natural substances and have many advantages over bioethanol. In this study, the oxidation of alpha-angelica lactone initiated by ground-state atomic oxygen, O(3P), was studied at 298, 550, and 700 K using synchrotron radiation coupled with multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL). Photoionization spectra and kinetic time traces were measured to identify the primary products. Ketene, acetaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, methylglyoxal, dimethyl glyoxal, and 5-methyl-2,4-furandione were characterized as major reaction products, with ketene being the most abundant at all three temperatures. Possible reaction pathways for the formation of the observed primary products were computed using the CBS–QB3 composite method.

ATRP Synthesis and Characterization of μ,αω-allyl-terminated Macromonomers as Precursors for End-linked Gels and Hydrogels

2003 ◽  
Vol 774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Vojtova ◽  
Nicholas J. Turro ◽  
Jeffrey T. Koberstein
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Butyl Methacrylate ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ft Ir

AbstractSynthesis of α,ω-allyl-terminated telechelic macromonomers based on poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) (poly(t-BMA)) and poly(methacrylic acid) (poly(MAA)) was studied with the aim of preparing end-linked gels and hydrogels. Low molecular weight α-allyl-terminated poly(t-BMA) macromonomers with narrow polydispersities (Mw/Mn = 1.16) were synthesized via controlled atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using a Cu(I)Br/N,N,N',N',N',N'-hexamethyltriethylenetetraamine catalyst system in conjunction with an allyl-2-bromoisobutyrate as the functional initiator. The polymerizations exhibited a linear increase of molecular weight in direct proportion to the monomer conversion and first-order kinetics with respect to monomer concentration. No significant difference was found between using polar or non-polar solvents (tetrahydrofuran or benzene, respectively). Optimization of reaction conditions to obtain the highest degree of active terminal bromine is discussed. Quenching the ATRP reaction with allyltributyltin yielded α,ω-allyl-terminated poly(t-BMA) macromonomers by replacing the terminal bromine with ω-allyl functional group. Poly(MAA) macromonomers were prepared by deprotection of the tert-butyl group from α,ω-allyl-terminated poly(t-BMA) macromonomers using concentrated trifluoroacetic acid at room temperature. Successful synthetic steps were confirmed by 1H NMR, FT-IR and MALDI-TOF MS analyses. The α,ω-allyl-terminated macromonomers were proven to be candidates for further polymerization by forming end-linked, non-soluble gels.

scholarly journals Oxidation of indolic bases by cytochrome P450 and ferrous picolinate

1997 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174
Author(s):  
K. Jankowski ◽  
M. Delaforge ◽  
M. Jaouen ◽  
H. Virelizier
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
Major Reaction ◽  
Hepatic Cytochrome

Oxidations performed on four indolic bases,β-carboline1, ibogaine2, reserpine3and ajmaline4, by hepatic cytochrome P450 (Cyt. P450) and ferrous picolinate (Fe(PA)2), lead to alicyclic hydroxylation as major reaction products.

scholarly journals Immobilizing Ni (II)-Exchanged Heteropolyacids on Silica as Catalysts for Acid-Catalyzed Esterification Reactions

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Qiuyun Zhang ◽  
Dandan Lei ◽  
Qianqian Luo ◽  
Taoli Deng ◽  
Jingsong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Solid Acid Catalyst ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Structural Surface ◽  
Esterification Reactions

Biodiesel was synthesized from oleic acid using Ni (II)-exchanged heteropolyacids immobilized on silica (Ni0.5H3SiW / SiO2 ) as a solid acid catalyst. Based on detailed analyses of FT-IR, XRD, TG and SEM, the structural, surface and thermal stability of Ni0.5H3SiW / SiO2 were investigated. Obtained results demonstrated that the Keggin structure was well in the immobilization process and possess a high thermal stability. Various esterification reaction conditions and reusability of catalyst were studied. High oleic acid conversion of 81.4 % was observed at a 1:22 mole ratio (oleic acid: methanol), 3 wt. % catalyst at 70 °C for 4 h. The Ni0.5H3SiW / SiO2 catalyst was reused for several times and presented relatively stable. More interestingly, the kinetic studies revealed the esterification process was compatible with the first order model, and a lower activation energy was obtained in this catalytic system.

GAS–LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY OF TERPENES: PART II. THE DEHYDRATION PRODUCTS OF α-TERPINEOL

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Von Rudloff
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
The Third ◽  
Major Reaction ◽  
Trace Constituents

The complex mixture of terpenes obtained on dehydrating α-terpineol with aqueous oxalic acid was almost completely separated by gas–liquid chromatography (GLC), using rapeseed oil as a new liquid phase. Terpinolene, dipentene, α- and γ-terpinene, Δ2,4(8)-p-menthadiene, and 1,8-cineole were identified as the major reaction products; three minor and seven trace constituents were also detected. One of the minor components was p-cymene, one an oxide, and the third an unidentified hydrocarbon. The yield of these components after different reaction times was determined by GLC. The initial dehydration gives terpinolene and dipentene in the ratio of approximately 2:1. Terpinolene is isomerized to α- and γ-terpinene, Δ2,4,(8)-p-menthadiene, and the unidentified hydrocarbon, but not to dipentene. 1,8-Cineole and the other oxide are formed in a reversible reaction. Dehydration of α-terpineol with several other acidic reagents yielded mixtures of products similar to that obtained with aqueous oxalic acid. With acetic acid or acetic anhydride, however, dipentene was formed preferentially and this reaction appears to proceed via the derived acetate.

Sustainable Process for Production of Azelaic Acid Through Oxidative Cleavage of Oleic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 92 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 1701-1707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Benessere ◽  
Maria E. Cucciolito ◽  
Augusta De Santis ◽  
Martino Di Serio ◽  
Roberto Esposito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Azelaic Acid ◽  
Oxidative Cleavage

scholarly journals High rates of [1-14C]acetate incorporation into the lipid of isolated spinach chloroplasts

1976 ◽  
Vol 158 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
P G Roughan ◽  
C R Slack ◽  
R Holland
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Polar Lipids ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Spinach Chloroplasts ◽  
Triton X

Spinach chloroplasts, isolated by techniques yielding preparations with high O2- evolving activity, showed rates of light-dependent acetate incorporation into lipids 3-4 fold higher than any previously reported. Incorporation rates as high as 500 nmol of acetate/h per mg of chlorophyll were measured in buffered sorbitol solutions containing only NaHCO3 and [1-14C]acetate, and as high as 800 nmol/h per mg of chlorophyll when 0.13 mM-Triton X-100 was also included in the reaction media. The fatty acids synthesized were predominantly oleic (70-80% of the total fatty acid radioactivity) and palmitic (20-25%) with only minor amounts (1-5%) of linoleic acid. Linolenic acid synthesis was not detected in the system in vitro. Free fatty acids accounted for 70-90% of the radioactivity incorporated and the remainder was shared fairly evenly between 1,2-diacylglycerols and polar lipids. Oleic acid constituted 80-90% of the free fatty acids synthesized, but the diacylglycerols and polar lipids contained slightly more palmitic acid than oleic acid. Triton X-100 stimulated the synthesis of diacylglycerols 3-6 fold, but stimulated free fatty acid synthesis only 1-1.5-fold. Added glycerol 1-phosphate stimulated both the synthesis of diacylglycerols and palmitic acid relative to oleic acid, but did not increase acetate incorporation into total chloroplast lipids. CoA and ATP, when added separately, stimulated acetate incorporation into chloroplast lipids to variable extents and had no effect on the types of lipid synthesized, but when added together resulted in 34% of the incorporated acetate appearing in long-chain acyl-CoA. Pyruvate was a much less effective precursor of chloroplast fatty acids than was acetate.

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