Effect of Aqueous Leaf Extract of Parthenium hysterophorus L. on the Germination and Shoot Growth of Two Native Species

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 4348-4351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gang Hu ◽  
Zhong Hua Zhang ◽  
Bao Qing Hu
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
The Impact

In order to evaluate the allelopathic potential of an exotic invasive weed,Parthenium hysterophorusL., the effect of different concentrations of aqueous extracts (5%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) prepared from leaves ofP. hysterophoruswere studied on the seed germination and seedling shoot growth of two common native herbs,Plantago asiaticaL. andYoungia japonica(L.) DC., through laboratory bioassays. The aqueous leaf extracts at the concentrations of 25%, 75% and 100% significantly inhibited the seed germination and seedling shoot growth of two target species. There was complete failure of seed germination ofY. japonicain 75% and 100% aqueous leaf extracts. The inhibitory effect increased with increasing extract concentration. These results suggested that allelopathy may play a role in the impact ofP. hysterophorusinvasion on native plant recruitment of invaded communities in southern China.

scholarly journals Exploiting the Allelopathic Potential of Aqueous Leaf Extracts of Artemisia absinthium and Psidium guajava against Parthenium hysterophorus, a Widespread Weed in India

Plants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 552 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhriti Kapoor ◽  
Rinzim ◽  
Anupam Tiwari ◽  
Amit Sehgal ◽  
Marco Landi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Psidium Guajava ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
By Products

Artemisia absinthium and Psidium guajava are powerful sources of secondary metabolites, some of them with potential allelopathic activity. Both the species grow together in India with a weed (Parthenium hysterophorus) that is becoming extremely invasive. The aim of the present research was to test the allelopathic effect of A. absinthium and P. guajava aqueous leaf extracts on seed germination, seedling growth (shoot and root length), as well as some biochemical parameters (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes, and malondialdehyde by-products) of P. hysterophorus plants. Leaf extracts of both A. absinthium and P. guajava constrained the germination and seedling development (root and shoot length), affected pigment content (chlorophylls, carotenoids), stimulated the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and increased the level of malondialdehyde by-products of P. hysterophorus plants. Non-enzymatic antioxidants (glutathione and ascorbic acid) in P. hysterophorus leaves were, conversely, negatively affected by both leaf extracts tested in the present experiment. Although A. absinthium was more effective than P. guajava in impacting some biochemical parameters of P. hysterophorus leaves (including a higher EC50 for seed germination), P. guajava extract showed a higher EC50 in terms of root inhibition of P. hysterophorus seedlings. The present study provides the evidence that A. absinthium and P. guajava extract could be proficiently exploited as a botanical herbicide against P. hysterophorus.

scholarly journals Aqueous tissue extracts of Conyza canadensis inhibit the germination and shoot growth of three native herbs with no autotoxic effects

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 805-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hu ◽  
Z.H. Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Conyza Canadensis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Plantago Asiatica ◽  
Almost All

Conyza canadensis is a widespread weed species forming dense populations in most regions of China. Petri dish bioassays with aqueous extracts of the aboveground parts and roots of C. canadensis at three concentrations (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 g mL-1) were undertaken to investigate the autotoxic effects of C. canadensis, and the possible effects on three dominant native weed species, Plantago asiatica, Digitaria sanguinalis and Youngia japonica. The results showed that seed germination and the shoot length of three native species were significantly inhibited by aqueous extracts of C. canadensis at almost all concentrations that generally increased with increasing extract concentration. However, the seed germination and shoot length of C. canadensis itself was not significantly affected by the same extracts at all concentrations. These results suggested that the potential allelopathic compounds produced by the tissue of C. canadensis may contribute to its invasive success in invading southern China.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Interactions of Parthenium hysterophorous with Kidney Bean, Phaseolus vulgaris

2020 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
H. M. Tsingalia ◽  
J. M. Auma
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Allelopathy, an important mechanism in invasive species stems from the lack of coevolved tolerance of indigenous species to novel chemicals released by the invader species. These chemicals are key to successful invasive of species of natural plant communities and ecosystems. This study analyzed the allelopathic effects of the invasive plant, Parthenium hysterophorous on the growth of kidney beans (Phaseolus vulgaris). One hundred and fifty viable kidney bean seeds were washed in distilled water, and transferred in triplicates to pots with wet sterile sand. Ten grams of freshly collected Parthenium leaves and roots were weighed, grounded separately using a mortar and a pestle, mixed with 100 ml of distilled water in a beaker and left for 24 hours in a dark at a room temperature (250C). The aqueous extract filtrates were used in experimental treatments. While untreated (control) seeds germinated on day 4 seeds treated with leaf extract germinated on day 14 and day 9 for the root extract. Leaf extract inhibited germination and sprouting of new leaves more effectively than root extract. Leaves in control seeds appeared on day 1 after germination. In treated seeds, leaves appeared on the 4th day then stagnated until day 15 when more leaves sprouted. Root extract significantly depressed seed germination. The number of new leaves increased significantly in control seedlings compared to the treated ones. Combined root and leaf extracts highly significantly inhibited of seed germination and the number of new leaves. Additionally, combined treatment with root and leaf extracts significantly inhibited shoot growth, and the increase in leaf length and width. A comparison of the effectiveness of the root and leaf extracts showed that leaf extract was more effective in inhibiting shoot growth and leaf width than the root extract.

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Abstract Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

The combined treatments of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and cadmium pollution confer an inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling development of lettuce

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congyan Wang ◽  
Kun Jiang ◽  
Bingde Wu ◽  
Jiawei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Increasing levels of heavy metals are released into ecosystems. The influence of heavy metal pollution on successful invasive species has raised considerable interest, particularly regarding potential allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling development of native species. Adding heavy metals may alter or even enhance such allelopathic effects of invasive species. The aim of the present study was to address the combined treatments of the invasive species Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) leaf extracts and cadmium (Cd) pollution on seed germination and seedling development of the homologous native species lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Results showed that the combined treatments of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution significantly decreased seed germination and seedling development of lettuce compared with the control. In addition, the indices of allelopathic effects for all seed germination and seedling development indices of lettuce were less than zero under the combined treatments of high concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution (regardless of concentration). Thus, the combined treatments of high concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution pose an inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling development of lettuce. Further, the combined treatments of high concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution (regardless of concentration) cause more toxic effects than the combined treatments of low concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution (regardless of concentration) on all seed germination and seedling development indices of lettuce. Thus, the inhibitory effects of Canada goldenrod on the seed germination and seedling development of co-occurring native species may be intensified at heavy invasion degrees under increased heavy metal pollution. Subsequently, the competitiveness and fitness of native species may be notably decreased via the reduced seed germination and seedling development and then the notorious invader can establish progressively-growing populations in the colonised ecosystems.

scholarly journals Allelopathic potential of Parthenium hysterophorus on wheat, Triticum aestivum. rice, Oryza sativa, soybean, Glycine max and pigeonpea, Cajanus cajan

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Goverdhan Singh Thakur ◽  
Shriram Kunjam
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Glycine Max ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Cajanus Cajan ◽  
Parthenium Hysterophorus ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Allelopathic Potential

Allelopathic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus were studied on seed germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, Glycine max and Cajanus cajan. The shade dried leaves of Parthenium hysterophorus were soaked in distilled water for 24 hours at room temperature to obtain aqueous extract and sterilized seeds were treated with 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% and 10% concentration of P. hysterophorus leaves aqueous extract. The germinated seeds were counted every day to observe mean germination time. It has been found that significant time is taken to germinate with increasing concentration. It has been also observed that germination percentage, root length, shoot length and seedling vigour value were reduced at >2% as compared to control. The 10 % aqueous extract showed the maximum inhibitory effect on seedling growth. In the present investigation, the leaves aqueous extract of P. hysterophorus had strong inhibiting effects on seed germination and seedling growth. It is necessary to keep this weed under check at the emerging stage at agro crop field so that crop growth constraint may be avoided

scholarly journals Non-Native Herbivores Promote Plant Invasions Away From Mountain Roads in the Andes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valeria Aschero ◽  
Agustina Barros ◽  
Lorena Bonjour ◽  
Ana Mazzolari ◽  
Martín Pérez Sosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Natural Vegetation ◽  
Livestock Grazing ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
The Road ◽  
The Andes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract While the role of environmental filters, usually described by elevation as proxy, and anthropogenic disturbance as drivers of non-native plant diversity and abundance in mountains have been extensively studied, the impact of herbivores are less explored. Livestock grazing can facilitate the introduction of non-native species by seed dispersal and reduce biotic resistance due to consumption and trampling of native plants, even in the highest protected areas in the Andes. We here explored the effects of elevation, livestock and distance to the road on non-native and native plant distributions. Our results confirm the largely negative relationship of non-native plant richness and cover with elevation, with a peak in richness and cover at low to intermediate elevations. Similarly, we show a strong decline in non-native richness with increasing distance to the road, especially at low elevations, accompanied by a strong negative effect of roads on native species richness. Most importantly, however, we show that the presence of non-native herbivores greatly increases the cover of non-native species away from the roadside, identifying herbivore disturbance as a potential catalyst of non-native plant invasion into natural vegetation of high-Andean protected areas. Our results confirm the often-shown role of disturbance as driver of plant invasions in mountains, yet highlight the interactive effects of disturbance by roads and herbivory: roads funnel non-native species towards higher elevations, while non-native herbivores can promote non-native plant success away from the roadside and into the natural vegetation. Hence, regulating soil and non-native herbivory disturbance is important for minimizing plant invasions at high elevation in the Arid Andes.

scholarly journals Metabolomics of Myrcia bella Populations in Brazilian Savanna Reveals Strong Influence of Environmental Factors on Its Specialized Metabolism

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2954
Author(s):  
Luiz Leonardo Saldanha ◽  
Pierre-Marie Allard ◽  
Adlin Afzan ◽  
Fernanda Pereira de Souza Rosa de Melo ◽  
Laurence Marcourt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Brazilian Savanna ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Specialized Metabolism ◽  
Temperature Radiation ◽  
The Impact

Environmental conditions influence specialized plant metabolism. However, many studies aiming to understand these modulations have been conducted with model plants and/or under controlled conditions, thus not reflecting the complex interaction between plants and environment. To fully grasp these interactions, we investigated the specialized metabolism and genetic diversity of a native plant in its natural environment. We chose Myrcia bella due to its medicinal interest and occurrence in Brazilian savanna regions with diverse climate and soil conditions. An LC-HRMS-based metabolomics approach was applied to analyze 271 samples harvested across seven regions during the dry and rainy season. Genetic diversity was assessed in a subset of 40 samples using amplified fragment length polymorphism. Meteorological factors including rainfall, temperature, radiation, humidity, and soil nutrient and mineral composition were recorded in each region and correlated with chemical variation through multivariate analysis (MVDA). Marker compounds were selected using a statistically informed molecular network and annotated by dereplication against an in silico database of natural products. The integrated results evidenced different chemotypes, with variation in flavonoid and tannin content mainly linked to soil conditions. Different levels of genetic diversity and distance of populations were found to be correlated with the identified chemotypes. These observations and the proposed analytical workflow contribute to the global understanding of the impact of abiotic factors and genotype on the accumulation of given metabolites and, therefore, could be valuable to guide further medicinal exploration of native species.

scholarly journals ALLELOPATHIC POTENTIAL OF EXTRACTS AND LEACHATES OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA A. JUSS LEAVES ON GERMINATION AND GROWTH OF ELEUSINE CORACANA (L.) GAERTNER

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-132
Author(s):  
Elavazhagan P
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Eleusine Coracana ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Germination And Growth

Various concentrations (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) of leaf leachates and leaf extracts prepared from fully senesced fallen and matured leaves of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and used for the present experiments to determine their allelopathic potential on growth and developmental changes on Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertner. Leaf leachates and leaf extracts sowed an inhibitory effect on germination percentage, root and shoot growth, and fresh and dry weight of E. coracana seedlings. The leaf extracts had more inhibitory effect at 20%concentration,than that of leaf leachates on morphological parameters of E. coracana

Seed dispersal interactions promoting plant invasions.

2020 ◽  
pp. 90-104
Author(s):  
M. Celeste Díaz Vélez ◽  
◽  
Ana E. Ferreras ◽  
Valeria Paiaro ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seedling Establishment ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Invasional Meltdown ◽  
Native Plant Species ◽  
Origin Life

Animal dispersers are essential for many non-native plants since they facilitate seed movement and might promote seed germination and seedling establishment, thereby increasing their chances of invasion. This chapter reviews the published literature on seed dispersal of non-native plant species by native and/or non-native animals. The following questions are addressed: (i) Are interactions between non-native plants and their animal dispersers evenly studied worldwide? (ii) Which are the distinctive traits (i.e. geographical origin, life form, dispersal strategy and propagule traits) of non-native plants that are dispersed by animals? (iii) Which are the most studied groups of dispersers of non-native plants around the world? (iv) Does the literature provide evidence for the Invasional Meltdown Hypothesis (non-native plant-non-native disperser facilitation)? (v) What is the role of animal dispersers at different stages of the non-native plant regeneration process? Our dataset of 204 articles indicates that geographical distribution of the studies was highly heterogeneous among continents, with the highest number coming from North America and the lowest from Asia and Central America. Most of the non-native plants involved in dispersal studies were woody species from Asia with fleshy fruits dispersed by endozoochory. More than the half of the animal dispersal agents noted were birds, followed by mammals, ants and reptiles. The dominance of bird-dispersal interactions over other animal groups was consistent across geographical regions. Although most of the studies involved only native dispersers, interactions among non-native species were detected, providing support for the existence of invasional meltdown processes. Of the total number of reviewed articles reporting seed removal, 74% evaluated seed dispersal, but only a few studies included seed germination (35.3%), seedling establishment (5.4%) or seed predation (23.5%). Finally, we discuss some research biases and directions for future studies in the area.

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