Radiation Synthesis of Superabsorbent Poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid)-Sodium Alginate Hydrogels

2013 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 88-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erizal ◽  
Sudirman ◽  
Emil Budianto ◽  
A. Mahendra ◽  
Rike Yudianti
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Sem Micrograph ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Poly Acrylamide

Sodium alginate (NaAlg) is considered to be a potential natural polymer for biomaterial applications, because of its hydrophilic properties that is capable to increase the swelling of hydrogels and biodegradable. This study describes the synthesis of a poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) NaAlg superabsorbent hydrogels via crosslinking gamma radiation. The effect of irradiation dose (20-40 kGy) and NaAlg concentration (0.1-0.7 %) of on swelling of hydrogels were studied. The copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrograph. The presence of the lowest (0.1%) NaAlg concentration provokes a significant increasing the equilibrium degree solution (EDS) of hydrogel up 800 g/g ,and the extent of gel fraction increases as a function irradiation dose up to about 99 %. The hydrogels were also found to be sensitive to the ionic strength of medium. The FTIR spectra of hydrogels were shown crosslinking occurs between acrylamide and acrylic acid and pores structures in the hydrogel observed by using SEM.

Effect of Synthesis Parameters on Size of the Biodegradable Poly (L-Lactide) (PLLA) Microspheres

2013 ◽  
Vol 858 ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.A. Hawari ◽  
C.Y. Tham ◽  
Zuratul Ain Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Synthesis Parameters ◽  
Weight Variation ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Molecular Weight Variation ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this work, PLLA microspheres were prepared via emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Several synthesis parameters were studied to evaluate their effect on the size of PLLA microspheres. PLLA pallets before emulsion and PLLA microspheres surface chemistry after emulsion were determined using Fourier Transform Infra-red (FTIR). Results showed that PLLA pallets and microspheres FTIR obtained an identical spectrum. Microspheres size and surface morphology were determined using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). In conclusion, the parameters that significantly affect the size of PLLA microspheres were PLLA concentration, DCM to water volume ratio, PVA concentration and stirring speed. PVA molecular weight variation showed no significant change in microspheres size.

scholarly journals Microporous structures in natural polymer

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00014
Author(s):  
Maciej Borowczak ◽  
Stanisław Frąckowiak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Surface Structure ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Butylene Succinate ◽  
Biodegradable Poly ◽  
Solvent Systems ◽  
Scanning Electron

Electrospinning of biodegradable poly (butylene succinate) has been performed from different solvent systems. Alternation of process parameters resulted in respective changes of the surface structure topography which was evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Synthesis and application of carbon based heterogeneous catalysts for ultrasound assisted biodiesel production

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Namrata D. Gaikwad ◽  
Parag R. Gogate
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heterogeneous Catalysts ◽  
Temperature Programmed Desorption ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Acid Catalysts ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Carbon Based

AbstractIn the present work, carbon based heterogeneous acid catalysts have been prepared using various synthesis approaches based on the use of sustainable starting materials. The properties of the catalysts have been investigated using Fourier transformed infra-red (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), temperature-programmed desorption (NH

scholarly journals Development of an Oxcarbazepine Solid Dispersion Using Skimmed Milk to Improve the Solubility and Dissolution Profile

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (05) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Shah ◽  
D. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Solid Dispersion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Crystalline Nature ◽  
Skimmed Milk ◽  
Scanning Electron

Oxcarbazepine has low solubility and low oral bioavailability, so it’s a challenge to formulate suitable dosage form. In this present investigation, to improve the dissolution rate and solubility, skimmed milk is used as a carrier. Physical mixers were prepared using various drugs to carrier ratio and spray drying technology was used to develop solid dispersion with the carrier. Various techniques were used to characterize the solid dispersion immediately after they were made which includes differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infra- red spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and in-vitro dissolution profiles. The differential scanning calorimetry thermograms of raw drug indicated of its anhydrous crystalline nature. In thermograms of solid dispersion, the characteristic peak was absent suggesting the change from crystalline nature to amorphous form. X-ray diffraction confirmed those results. X-ray diffraction results of raw drug showed highly intense peak characteristic of its crystalline nature where solid dispersion showed less intense, more diffused peak indicating the change in crystalline form. Fourier transforms infra-red spectroscopy studies showed there was no interaction between drug and carrier. Scanning electron microscopy support the amorphous nature of mixer. The whole formulation showed distinct enhancement in the drug release behavior and solubility. The optimum oxcarbazepine to skimmed milk ratio 1:3 enhances the in-vitro drug release by 3.5 fold and also show distinct increase in solubility. It was concluded that for improvement of solubility of poorly water soluble oxcarbazepine, skimmed milk powder as a carrier can be utilize very well.

scholarly journals Chemical and Physical Properties of Cassava Starch–CM-Chitosan–Acrylic Acid Gel Copolymerization by Gamma Irradiation

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
Gatot Trimulyadi Rekso
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Irradiation Dose ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Equilibrium Degree ◽  
Preparation Conditions ◽  
Gel Fraction ◽  
Gelatinized Starch ◽  
Acid Gel

Starch is a renewable natural polymer that can be decomposed easily in the environment and can be modified to various applications such as biomedical, agricultural and pharmaceutical applications. Copolymerization of gelatinized starch–CM-chitosan and acrylic acid (AAc) in aqueous medium using γ-irradiation was carried out. The preparation conditions, such as irradiation dose and AAc concentration were investigated. The copolymers were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that by increasing of irradiation dose the gel fraction increases till the dose of 15 kGy. Above the stating dose the gel fraction decreases. The Equilibrium Degree of Swelling (EDS) value slightly increases with increasing irradiation dose and after dose of 15 kGy is decreasing. The swelling of starch–CM-chitosan–AAc hydro gels reduced as the gel content increases. The results indicated that the optimum condition for obtaining hydro gels with desirable properties was irradiated at dose of 15 kGy. The results indicated that SEM revealed that the higher the dose, the lower the copolymer pore size. The starch–CM-chitosan–AAc copolymers have thermal stability higher than that for starch individually.

Study on the Calamine/Sodium Alginate Modified Viscose Fiber

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 192-195
Author(s):  
Dong Qi Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Shu Fa Han ◽  
Yu Feng Zhang ◽  
Cui Yu Yin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Viscose Fiber ◽  
Alginate Solution ◽  
Fiber Properties ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this article we successfully prepared calamine / sodium alginate viscose fiber. Good dispersion and stability of the modified solution was prepared by dispersing calamine in alkaline solution of sodium alginate, and then mixed it with viscose spinning solution by spinning injection methods. Moreover, the stability of calamine / sodium alginate solution, the effect of concentration of calamine on the fiber properties is studied in this paper. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical mechanical performance are test to characterize the structure and the performance of the calamine / sodium alginate viscose fiber.

Analyse des Stuckgipses der Abtei Villers / Analysis of Stucco from the Abbey of Villers

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-396
Author(s):  
S. Chandra ◽  
D. Van Gemert
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Electron Spectroscopy ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Interior plaster from the Abbot's Palace of the Abbey of Villers-la-Ville, Brabant Wallon province, Belgium has been investigated. It is done by using chemical analysis, x-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive electron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. It is found that the rendering was made with lime rich mortar and animal hairs. The sand used was very fine and the hairs were very short. The solid constituents and the hairs were uniformly dispersed, which could have been obtained by the addition of some other natural polymer, containing protein.

Toughened Chitosan Composite Nanofiltration Membrane by Introduction of Acrylic Acid

2019 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Tao Mu
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Nanofiltration Membrane ◽  
Modified Chitosan ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Infrared Spectrophotometer ◽  
Chitosan Composite ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, acrylic acid was grafted to chitosan in order to change the structure; polymer was obtained from modified chitosan. A series of novel toughened composite NF memebranes were prepared by over-coating the polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane with the polymer of modified chitosan. The chitosan derivatives and the polymer were characterised by infrared spectrophotometer (IR); the structure of the membrane was characrerised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The composite NF membrane’s performances were strictly related to the structure of polymer. The rejection of the membrane was 96.3% with flux as high as 386.46 L m-2 h-1 with the 1000 mg/L of NaCl. Tensile strength of membrane increased 46%. The HCl (5%) resistance increased from 20.3 to 36.8h. The NaOH (5%) resistance increased from 18.3 to 31.6h. These results indicated the prepared toughened composite NF memebrane was excellent NF membrane, which had a wide application prospect.

scholarly journals SODIUM ALGINATE/GELATIN MICROBEADS-INTERCALATED WITH KAOLIN NANOCLAY FOR EMERGING DRUG DELIVERY IN WILSON’S DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. SREEKANTH REDDY ◽  
M. C. S. SUBHA ◽  
T. JITHENDRA ◽  
C. MADHAVI ◽  
K. CHOWDOJI RAO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Vitro Release ◽  
Scanning Electron

Objective: The aim of the present study was to fabricate and evaluate the drug release studies using Sodium Alginate (SA) and Gelatin (GE) microbeads intercalated with Kaolin (KA) nanoclay for sustained release of D-Penicillamine (D-PA). Methods: Sodium alginate/gelatin/Kaolin blend microbeads were prepared by an extrusion method by using glutaraldehyde (GA) as a crosslinker. The obtained microbeads were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X–ray diffraction (XRD). Drug release kinetics of the microbeads was investigated in simulated intestinal fluid (pH 7.4) at 37 °C. Results: Microbeads formation was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. X-RD reveals that the KA should be intercalated with the drug and also it confirms the molecular level dispersion of D-Penicillamine into microbeads. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) studies reveal that the beads were in spherical shape with some wrinkled depressions on the surface. The in vitro release study indicates the D-Penicillamine released in a controlled manner. The in vitro release kinetics was assessed by Korsmeyer-Peppas equation and the ‘n’ value lies in between 0.557-0.693 indicates Non-Fickian diffusion process. Conclusion: The results suggest that the developed KA intercalated microbeads are good potential drug carrier for the controlled release of D-PA.

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