Preparation of Porous Hydroxyapatite as Synthetic Scaffold Using Powder Deposition and Sintering and Cytotoxicity Evaluation

2013 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 123-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eko Pujiyanto ◽  
Alva Edy Tontowi ◽  
Muhammad Waziz Wildan ◽  
Widowati Siswomihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Mixed Powder ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Powder Deposition ◽  
Synthetic Scaffold

This study prepared porous hydroxyapatite (porous HA) as synthetic scaffold and find out chemical properties, porosity, compressive strength and cytotoxicity properties. Porous HA was prepared by powder deposition and sintering from HA-PMMA mixed powder. Porous HA characterizations were conducted by XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX and mercury porosimetry analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity testing of porous HA was conducted by MTT method using vero cells. Porous HA has porosity on the interval 62.79 to 69.67% and compressive strength on the interval 1.53 to 3.71 MPa. Optimal porous HA has porosity is 62.79% with compressive strength is 3.71 MPa. Mercury porosimetry analysis showed that optimal porous HA has interconnective porosity up to 88.25% with pore size on the interval 0.05-355 μm and median pore is 52.64 μm. There was no significantly difference in the death percentage of vero cells caused HA powder and optimal porous HA (p= 0.158) but concentration of optimal porous HA were significantly effect on the percentage of vero cells death (p=0.003).

Preparation of Synthetic HA Scaffold and the Effect of Heat Treatment on Bone Formation

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 711-714
Author(s):  
Marie Strnadova ◽  
Jiri Protivinsky ◽  
Tomas Soukup ◽  
J. Strnad
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
In Vivo Tests

The synthetic nanostructured HA powder was prepared by the reaction of calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2 aqueous solution and phosphoric acid H3PO4. The powders were foamed using hydrogen peroxide and heat treated at temperatures ranging from 120 to 700°C. Bovine deproteinized bone BioOss was used as a reference material. Elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, gas adsorption and mercury porosimetry were used to characterize the precipitates. In vitro cytotoxicity test and the preclinical evaluation of this material were performed. In vivo tests were carried out in the tibiae of beagle dogs. All animals were euthanized 3 and 6 months after implantation. The material degradation and new bone formation was observed. The process of precipitation and coagulation can be applied to obtain pure synthetic HA powder. Foaming with H2O2 represents a method suitable to produce HA material with higher surface area and porosity. The physico-chemical properties of HA granules and in vivo tests determined that synthetic scaffold is comparable with bovine bone material. No significant differences between synthetic HA150 scaffolds and bovine bone BioOss were observed in vivo. The heat treatment of HA results in slower resorption and remodeling.

Preparation of Porous Synthetic Nanostructured HA Scaffold

2007 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Strnadová ◽  
Jiri Protivinsky ◽  
J. Strnad ◽  
Zdenka Vejsicka
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Cytotoxicity Test ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Average Value

The low temperature macro and micro porous hydroxyapatite scaffold was synthesized. The synthetic nanostructured HA powder was prepared by the reaction of Ca(OH)2 and H3PO4. The ultrasound apparatus was used for the separation of the particles during the precipitation process. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was used as a foaming agent. The samples were dried for 3 hours at 120°C. HA (hydroxyapatite) granules exhibited interconnected macro and micro porosity with the micro pore size in the order of 0.01 'm. The specific surface area of the precipitate reached the average value 64.8 ± 11.9 [m2.g-1]. The compressive strength of the low temperature porous HA scaffold granule was very similar to deproteinized bovine bone and other calcium phosphate ceramic materials used in bone regeneration and prepared by high temperature processes. The porosity of the scaffolds 50-75% was determined by mercury porosimetry. In-vitro cytotoxicity test proved the granules to be non toxic.

scholarly journals In vitro cytotoxicity of Aspilia pluriseta Schweinf. extract fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sospeter N. Njeru ◽  
Jackson M. Muema
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide ◽  
Potential Use

Abstract Objectives We and others have shown that Aspilia pluriseta is associated with various biological activities. However, there is a lack of information on its cytotoxicity. This has created an information gap about the safety of A. pluriseta extracts. As an extension to our recent publication on the antimicrobial activity and the phytochemical characterization of A. pluriseta root extracts, here we report on cytotoxicity of tested solvent fractions. We evaluated the potential cytotoxicity of these root extract fractions on Vero cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Results We show that all solvent extract fractions (except methanolic solvent fractions) had cytotoxic concentration values that killed 50% of the Vero cells (CC50) greater than 20 µg/mL and selectivity index (SI) greater than 1.0. Taken together, we demonstrate that, A. pluriseta extract fractions’ earlier reported bioactivities are within the acceptable cytotoxicity and selective index limits. This finding scientifically validates the potential use of A. pluriseta in the discovery of safe therapeutics agents.

Chitosan nanoparticles for tamoxifen delivery and cytotoxicity to MCF-7 and Vero cells

2011 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 2027-2040 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neralakere Ramanna Ravikumara ◽  
Basavaraj Madhusudhan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ζ Potential ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Tamoxifen Citrate

In this study, tamoxifen citrate-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcL-ChtNPs) and tamoxifen citrate-free chitosan nanoparticles (tamoxcF-ChtNPs) were prepared by an ionic gelation (IG) method. The physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles were analyzed for particle size, zeta (ζ) potential, and other characteristics using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), zeta phase analysis light scattering (PALS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The variation in particle size was assessed by changing the concentration of chitosan, pentasodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), and the pH of the solution. The optimized tamoxcL-ChtNPs showed mean diameter of 187 nm, polydispersity of 0.125, and ζ-potential of +19.1 mV. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of tamoxifen citrate (tamoxc) increased at higher concentrations, and release of tamoxc from the chitosan matrix displayed controlled biphasic behavior. Those tamoxcL-ChtNPs tested for chemosensitivity showed dose- and time-dependent antiproliferative activity of tamoxc. Further, tamoxcL-ChtNPs were found to be hemocompatible with human red blood cells (RBCs) and safe by in vitro cytotoxicity tests, suggesting that they offer promise as drug delivery systems in therapy.

Fabrication and characterization of customized tubular scaffolds for tracheal tissue engineering by using solvent based 3D printing on predefined template

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-428
Author(s):  
Rudranarayan Kandi ◽  
Pulak Mohan Pandey ◽  
Misba Majood ◽  
Sujata Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tracheal Tissue

Purpose This paper aims to discuss the successful fabrication of customized tubular scaffolds for tracheal tissue engineering with a novel route using solvent-based extrusion 3D printing. Design/methodology/approach The manufacturing approach involved extrusion of polymeric ink over a rotating predefined pattern to construct customized tubular structure of polycaprolactone (PCL) and polyurethane (PU). Dimensional deviation in thickness of scaffolds were calculated for various layer thicknesses of 3D printing. Physical and chemical properties of scaffolds were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), contact angle measurement, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Mechanical characterizations were performed, and the results were compared to the reported properties of human native trachea from previous reports. Additionally, in vitro cytotoxicity of the fabricated scaffolds was studied in terms of cell proliferation, cell adhesion and hemagglutination assay. Findings The developed fabrication route was flexible and accurate by printing customized tubular scaffolds of various scales. Physiochemical results showed good miscibility of PCL/PU blend, and decrease in crystalline nature of blend with the addition of PU. Preliminary mechanical assessments illustrated comparable mechanical properties with the native human trachea. Longitudinal compression test reported outstanding strength and flexibility to maintain an unobstructed lumen, necessary for the patency. Furthermore, the scaffolds were found to be biocompatible to promote cell adhesion and proliferation from the in vitro cytotoxicity results. Practical implications The attempt can potentially meet the demand for flexible tubular scaffolds that ease the concerns such as availability of suitable organ donors. Originality/value 3D printing over accurate predefined templates to fabricate customized grafts gives novelty to the present method. Various customized scaffolds were compared with conventional cylindrical scaffold in terms of flexibility.

scholarly journals Injectable Enzymatically Hardened Calcium Phosphate Biocement

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Lubomir Medvecky ◽  
Radoslava Štulajterová ◽  
Maria Giretova ◽  
Lenka Luptakova ◽  
Tibor Sopčák
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Setting Time ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Anionic Polyelectrolyte ◽  
Simple Possibility

(1) Background: The preparation and characterization of novel fully injectable enzymatically hardened tetracalcium phosphate/monetite cements (CXI cements) using phytic acid/phytase (PHYT/F3P) hardening liquid with a small addition of polyacrylic acid/carboxymethyl cellulose anionic polyelectrolyte (PAA/CMC) and enhanced bioactivity. (2) Methods: Composite cements were prepared by mixing of calcium phosphate powder mixture with hardening liquid containing anionic polyelectrolyte. Phase and microstructural analysis, compressive strength, release of ions and in vitro testing were used for the evaluation of cement properties. (3) Results: The simple possibility to control the setting time of self-setting CXI cements was shown (7–28 min) by the change in P/L ratio or PHYT/F3P reaction time. The wet compressive strength of cements (up to 15 MPa) was close to cancellous bone. The increase in PAA content to 1 wt% caused refinement and change in the morphology of hydroxyapatite particles. Cement pastes had a high resistance to wash-out in a short time after cement mixing. The noncytotoxic character of CX cement extracts was verified. Moreover, PHYT supported the formation of Ca deposits, and the additional synergistic effect of PAA and CMC on enhanced ALP activity was found, along with the strong up-regulation of osteogenic gene expressions for osteopontin, osteocalcin and IGF1 growth factor evaluated by the RT-qPCR analysis in osteogenic αMEM 50% CXI extracts. (4) Conclusions: The fully injectable composite calcium phosphate bicements with anionic polyelectrolyte addition showed good mechanical and physico-chemical properties and enhanced osteogenic bioactivity which is a promising assumption for their application in bone defect regeneration.

Porous Hydroxyapatite–Zirconia Composites Prepared by Powder Deposition and Pressureless Sintering

2012 ◽  
Vol 445 ◽  
pp. 463-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Pujiyanto ◽  
A.E. Tontowi ◽  
Muhammad Waziz Wildan ◽  
Widowati Siswomihardjo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Tetragonal Zirconia ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Strength Testing ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Microwave Hydrothermal ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Bet Analysis ◽  
Powder Deposition ◽  
Zirconia Composites

In the present study, hydroxyapatite was synthesized from local gypsum by microwave-hydrothermal method. Different percentage amounts of zirconia (0, 20, 30 and 40 wt.%) and poly-methyl methacrylate (40, 50 and 60 wt.%) mixed with hydroxyapatite (HA) for six hours. These powder mixture were deposited using deposition machine to produce specimens. These specimens were sintered at a temperature of 140°C with holding time for 1 hour into the green parts. These green parts were sintered at temperature of 1450°C with holding time for 2 hours. This process produces porous hydroxyapatite-zirconia composites with porosity between 62.76-73.92 percent. These composites were examined by XRD, XRF, SEM-EDX, BET analysis and compressive strength testing. Compressive strength of porous hidroxyapatite-zirconia composite decreased from 3.706 to 0.039 MPa when percentage amounts of zirconia increased up to 40 wt.%. This caused by several factors i.e. increased porosity, grain zirconia cracked, zirconia reacted with HA to produce CaZrO3, β-TCP and α-TCP, HA matrix cracks because of the phase change of tetragonal-zirconia into monoclinic-zirconia.

Hollow cathode plasma nitriding of medical grade Ti6Al4V: A comprehensive study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-370
Author(s):  
Cristian Padilha Fontoura ◽  
Melissa Machado Rodrigues ◽  
Charlene Silvestrin Celi Garcia ◽  
Klester dos Santos Souza ◽  
João Antonio Pêgas Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hollow Cathode ◽  
Plasma Nitriding ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Ideal Condition ◽  
Cathode Plasma ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Factorial Design Of Experiments

Ti6Al4V used in biomedical applications still has several surface-related problems, such as poor bone compatibility and low wear resistance. In this work, the formation of a protective layer of titanium nitride obtained by plasma treatment in hollow cathode was studied, and the best experimental conditions were verified by a statistical factorial design of experiments. The samples were characterized in terms of their physical and chemical properties, correlating the effects of time (min) and temperature (°C). An achieved ideal condition was further analysed in terms of in vitro cytotoxicity, micro-abrasion, and electrochemical properties. The carried-out assessment has shown that nitrided condition has an improvement in wettability, microhardness, along with TixNy formation and roughness increment, when compared to pristine condition.

scholarly journals In vitro antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of Lippia origanoides essential oil against bacteria of potential health concern

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwin Stiven Quiguanás Guarín ◽  
Juan Pablo Bedoya Agudelo ◽  
Jhon Esteban Lopez-Carvajal ◽  
Yuly Andrea Ramírez Tabares ◽  
Leonardo Padilla Sanabria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Major Chemical

Due to the growing resistance they develop of bacteria to drugs, the search for alternatives in natural products is considered important such as Lippia origanoides essential oil. Here, the antibacterial activity of the oil and two of its major chemical components were tested against bacteria of potential health concern. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated in human erythrocytes and Vero cells. 51 compounds were identified in the LOEO, being terpinen-4-ol, γ-Terpinene, citronellal and thymol the main. LOEO and thymol showed antibacterial activity from 904 μg/mL and 200 μg/mL, respectively. γ-Terpinene did not show activity any concentration tested. LOEO showed hemolysis at concentration of 3000 μg/mL and thymol at 100 μg/mL. LOEO and thymol showed cytotoxicity in the evaluated cell lines at 250 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL, respectively. These compounds have a moderate cytotoxicity so it's considered necessary to study alternatives to reduce the in vitro cytotoxicity of these compounds.

scholarly journals Development of bioactive and biocompatible ceramic composites based on potassium polytitanate

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-156
Author(s):  
Ángel Villalpando-Reyna ◽  
Dora Cortés-Hernández ◽  
Jose Granjeiro ◽  
Marcelo Prado ◽  
Alexander Gorokhovsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Silicate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Calcium Titanate ◽  
In Vitro Cytotoxicity ◽  
Apatite Formation ◽  
Potassium Polytitanate

Bioactive and biocompatible composites were successfully prepared by reactive sintering of mixtures of a crystalline titanate precursor and 45S5 Bioglass?. The polytitanate/glass precursor ratios were 20/80, 40/60, 60/40 or 80/20 (wt.%). The powder mixtures were uniaxially pressed and heat treated at 1000 ?C for 1 h. During sintering, intensive interactions between raw materials occurred. The formed main crystalline phases were: potassium hexatitanate (K2Ti6O13), calcium titanate (CaTiO3), calcium silicate (CaSiO4) and sodium-calcium silicate (Na6Ca3Si6O18). Additionally, a Si-rich glassy phase was also observed. The mechanism of apatite formation indicated that both crystalline and amorphous phases play important roles in this process. A homogeneous apatite layer was formed on Si-OH, Ti-OH-rich interfaces. In vitro bioactivity was assessed using simulated body fluid (SBF K-9). The in vitro cytotoxicity behaviour was evaluated using a human osteoblastlike cells model and compressive strength by ASTM C-773 standard. All the composites demonstrated high bioactivity as cytotoxicity assays indicated a biocompatibility similar to that of the negative control. The samples showed high cell adherence and elongation cell characteristics similar to those observed on biocompatible systems. The compressive strength of the sintered samples decreased as the polytitanate content precursor was increased. The results obtained indicate that these materials are highly promising composites for medical applications.

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