Water Prehydrolysis of Moso Bamboo Dissolving Pulp

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 1586-1592
Author(s):  
Tao Gu ◽  
Li Qing Weng ◽  
Guo Xin Xue
Keyword(s):  
Retention Rate ◽  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Wood Material ◽  
Factor Method ◽  
High Cellulose

The chemical comcomposition and water prehydrolysis of moso bamboo were studied to prepare high grade dissolving pulp. The results indicated that the moso bamboo was an appropriate none-wood material for great dissolving pulp goten as its high cellulose content. By single factor method, the optimum prehydrolysis conditions which were 150°C, 120minutes and 1:8 of liquor-to-wood tatio, were obtained. Based on the optimum conditions, the yield was 90.35%, and the retention rate of cellulose, pentosan, acid accumulator insoluble lignin, and ash were respectively 96.30%, 88.22%, 88.13%, and 11.71%.

scholarly journals Analisis Karakteristik Pulp Campuran Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Pelepah Pisang dengan Pelarut NaOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Sari Rizky Amelia ◽  
Muhammad Yerizam ◽  
Erwana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Cellulose

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah padatan yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan minyak kelapa sawit yang selulosa (45,95%), kadar abu (1,23%), hemiselulosa (22,84%), kadar air (3,74%) dan lignin (16,49%). Pelepah pisang mempunyai kandungan selulosa yang tinggi akan tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal yang memiliki kandungan densitas ( 1,35 gr/cm3), selulosa (63 -64 %), hemiselulosa (20 %), lignin (5%), kekuatan Tarik rata-rata (600 Mpa), modulus tarik rata-rata (17,85 Gpa), pertambahan panjang (3,36 %), diameter serat (5,8 µm), serta panjang serat (30,9240 cm). Namun bahan-bahan ini mempunyai karakteristik dan sifat fisika kimia yang berbeda-beda. Karakteristik menjadikan perlunya analisa agar menghasilkan pulp yang diinginkan berada pada kondisi optimal. Beberapa parameter yang diukur di antaranya, konsentrasi larutan NaOH dengan variasi 7% dan 9%, dengan variasi bahan baku 40-60% serta waktu pemasakan dengan variasi waktu 75, 90, 105, 120 dan 135 menit. Sehingga pada penelitian ini didapatkan kondisi optimumnya yakni pada rasio 40:60, dengan konsentrasi 9% dan waktu pemasakan selama 120 menit didapatkan nilai kadar lignin 11,21% dan kadar selulosa 68,94%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches or TKKS are solid wastes produced from the process of making palm oil which are cellulose (45.95%), ash content (1.23%), hemicellulose (22.84%), water content (3.74 %) and lignin (16.49%). Banana midrib has a high cellulose content but has not been used optimally which contains density (1.35 g/cm3), cellulose (63 -64 %), hemicellulose (20 %), lignin (5%), average tensile strength. average (600 Mpa), average tensile modulus (17.85 Gpa), increase in length (3.36%), fiber diameter (5.8 m), and fiber length (30,9240 cm). However, these materials have different physicochemical characteristics and properties. The characteristics make the need for analysis in order to produce the desired pulp in optimal conditions. Several parameters were measured including the concentration of NaOH solution with variations of 7% and 9%, with variations of raw materials 40-60% and cooking time with variations of 75, 90, 105, 120 and 135 minutes. So that in this study the optimum conditions were obtained, namely at a ratio of 40:60, with a concentration of 9% and cooking time for 120 minutes, the lignin content was 11.21% and the cellulose content was 68.94%.

High Grade Mental Deficiency in Relation to Differential Fertility

1947 ◽  
Vol 93 (391) ◽  
pp. 289-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Fraser Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Mental Deficiency ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Important Distinction ◽  
Differential Fertility ◽  
The People ◽  
Hereditary Factors ◽  
The Individual

Mr. Caradoc Jones this morning emphasized very clearly indeed the important distinction between high and low grade mental deficiency. He showed us some very striking figures suggesting, not that heredity is not involved in both, but that it is a different sort of heredity. It always seems to me that in considering this and related matters the analogy of stature is a helpful one. Many of us remember those posters of the last war but one, which said “Your King and Country Need YOU,” coupled with the statement that “You” had to be 5 ft. 4 in. high—a standard which went down afterwards. If one rejects for any purpose a segment of the population on a measurement of this kind one is rejecting people for very different reasons. The arbitrary standard cuts off, of course, the dwarfs; the achondroplasics, the midgets, the cretins, the rachitic dwarfs, and so on; but it cuts off far more of those who are simply short. In causation we can normally expect the dwarf's condition to be due to hereditary factors, actually a single factor in achondroplasia; or it may be something environmental, as in the rachitic dwarfs or the cretins, but when we come to the people who are just short, it has been shown fairly conclusively that in a civilized community in which the standard of nutrition is adequate, at least 90 per cent. of the differences are due to heredity; but it is a different sort of heredity. We have a whole host of genetic factors, each one of which has a small effect; but the effect is cumulative; some factors make for greater stature, some for smaller, and it is on the sum total received from the parents that the stature of the individual depends.

scholarly journals Effect of various pretreatments of oil palm empty fruit bunch fibres for subsequent use as substrate on the performance of cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus

BioResources ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-307
Author(s):  
Mahdi Shahriarinour ◽  
Mohd Noor Abdul Wahab ◽  
Shuhaimi Mustafa ◽  
Rosfarizan Mohamad ◽  
Arbakariya B. Ariff
Keyword(s):  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Aspergillus Terreus ◽  
Cellulase Production ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Chemical Pretreatments ◽  
Main Components ◽  
High Cellulose

The possibility of using treated oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fibres as substrate for cellulase production by Aspergillus terreus was studied using shaking flask fermentation. The effect of different chemical pretreatments, i.e. formic acid, acetic acid, propylamine, phosphoric acid, and n-butylamine, on the suitability of OPEFB fibres as fermentation substrate was investigated. The findings revealed that pretreatment with these chemicals significantly (P<0.05) increased the cellulose and reduced the lignin contents prior to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, fermentation using OPEFB fibres pretreated with phosphoric acid gave the highest cellulase production, which was related to high cellulose content. Further improvement in cellulase production was obtained when the chemically pretreated OPEFB fibres were subsequently treated hydrothermally (autoclaved at 160oC for 10 min) and then biologically (using effective microorganisms). The final activity of the three main components of cellulase (FPase, CMCase, and β-glucosidase) obtained in fermentation by A. terreus using optimally treated OPEFB fibres was (0.77 U mL−1, 8.5 U mL-1, and 6.1 U mL-1), respectively. The production of all these three major components of cellulase using pretreated OPEFB fibres (i.e. chemical, hydrothermal, and biological) were about three times higher than those obtained from fermentation using untreated OPEFB fibres.

Utilization of Powdered Cassava Stem as an Alternative Bioadsorbent for Lead (Pb2+) Removal from Aqueous Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 1033 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Tintin Mutiara ◽  
Andira Budi Trimartina ◽  
Rafika Erniza Putri ◽  
Achmad Chafidz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Adsorption Method ◽  
Cassava Stem ◽  
Mesh Sieve

Industrial waste containing heavy metals can pollute the aquatic environment. One method that can be done to manage heavy waste is the adsorption method that uses adsorbent from cassava stem powder. This research was conducted to utilize cassava stem powder waste for the adsorption of Pb2 + metal ions. Cassava stem powder was mashed until it passed 100 mesh sieve. Cassava stems have a cellulose content of 70-80%, lignin 15-20%, ADF 15-20% and cellulose can be used as an absorber of heavy metals. The adsorption process is carried out with variations in pH, time and concentration under optimum conditions. In this adsorption involves the functional groups contained therein so that the interaction between the adsorbent with the metal ion Pb2 +. Based on the research, the optimum conditions were obtained at pH 6, 180 minutes contact time and 50 ppm concentration. This test is carried out using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS).

Fabrication and Processing of Pineapple Leaf Fiber Reinforced Composites

2016 ◽  
pp. 125-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Sheikh Md. Fadzullah ◽  
Zaleha Mustafa
Keyword(s):  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Composites ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Matrix System ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Pineapple Leaf Fiber ◽  
Fiber Extraction ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Cellulose

There is an increasing interest worldwide in the use of Pineapple Leaf Fibers (PALF) as reinforcements in polymer composites, since this type of natural fiber exhibit attractive features such as superior mechanical, physical and thermal properties, thus offer potential uses in a spectrum of applications. PALF contains high cellulose content (between 70-82%) and high crystallinity. However, being hydrophilic, it posed a compatibility issue particularly in a hydrophobic polymeric matrix system. Thus, their shortcoming need to be addressed to ensure good interfacial bonding at the fibers/matrix interphase before their full potential can be harnessed. This chapter summarized some of the important aspects relating to PALF and its reinforced composites, particularly the main characteristics of the fiber, extraction and pre-treatment process of the fibers. Following this, discussions on the available fabrication processes for both short and continuous long PALF reinforced composites are presented.

scholarly journals The Manufacture of a High Grade Dissolving Pulp. Part I

1960 ◽  
Vol 34 (12) ◽  
pp. 981-985
Author(s):  
Kaoru KAWASE ◽  
Yasuo FUJIOKA ◽  
Yusaku FUKUDA
Keyword(s):  
Dissolving Pulp ◽  
High Grade

Treatment of Membrane Concentrated “Young” Landfill Leachate by Coagulation Sedimentation

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 349-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang An ◽  
Xiao Jun Xu
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Landfill Leachate ◽  
Pollution Control ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Optimum Operation ◽  
Domestic Refuse

A self-made coagulant was applied in the treatment of some membrane concentrated reject of the “young” landfill leachate. The optimum operation diameters were determined by orthogonal and single factor experiments. Under the optimum conditions, the values of COD and ammonia nitrogen of water sample after treatment were 88 mg/L and 10.8 mg/L, respectively, which reached the standard in Pollution Control Standard of Domestic Refuse Landfill GB 16889-2008. Therefore, coagulation method can be applied in the treatment of membrane concentrated “young” landfill leachate to achieve standard discharge.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PULP DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR) DENGAN CAMPURAN (RESINA COLOPHONIUM) GUNA MENCEGAH DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawan W Kurniawan W ◽  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
M. Dwi Khoirun Adim
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
A Value ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
High Cellulose

Deddy Kurniawan W, Fahmi Arifan, M. Dwi Khoirun Adim, in this article explain that paper is one of the primary needs for humans today . High paper usage is resulting increased in production of paper . On the other hand, paper which are usually made ​​from cellulose and hemi-cellulose in wood can result environmental degradation , due to the use of wood and tree felling leads to long-term basis that can increase the temperature of the earth surface ( global warming) . Durian is relatively abundant in Indonesia , durian shell contains high cellulose ( 50-60 % ) and lignin content ( 5 %), also  a low starch content ( 5 % ) . Durian shell wastes containing fibre  with dimensions of length and fiber thick wall that be able to bind well when given a synthetic adhesive or an adhesive mineral . Pulp which is produced from durian shell waste in experiments were 1 , 2 , 3 and 4, have a value of α - cellulose content of 35 % , 45 % , 27.7 % , 37.5 % and 57.6 %, respectively. When yield value of  49.2 % , 66.8 % and 48.2 % respectively. Keywords: pulp, durian, gondorukem, digester

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of chemical composition of Miscanthus var. Soranovskii

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 00017
Author(s):  
Yulia A. Gismatulina ◽  
Vera V. Budaeva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aboveground Biomass ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Special Importance ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
High Cellulose

The search for alternative sources of cellulose is currently getting special importance. Miscanthus holds promise as a cellulosic feedstock with a high potential for industrial-scale cultivation. The present study reports an analysis done for seven years of the chemical composition of the aboveground biomass of Miscanthus var. Soranovskii as a source for producing bioethanol. The aboveground biomass of Miscanthus was found to have a high cellulose content (about 50%), irrespective of the age, and it is therefore reasonable to utilize this cultivar for bioethanol production.

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