scholarly journals PEMBUATAN PULP DENGAN MEMANFAATKAN LIMBAH KULIT DURIAN (DURIO ZIBETHINUS MURR) DENGAN CAMPURAN (RESINA COLOPHONIUM) GUNA MENCEGAH DEGRADASI LINGKUNGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deddy Kurniawan W Kurniawan W ◽  
Fahmi Arifan ◽  
M. Dwi Khoirun Adim
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Content ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Thick Wall ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Durio Zibethinus ◽  
A Value ◽  
Yield Value ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
High Cellulose

Deddy Kurniawan W, Fahmi Arifan, M. Dwi Khoirun Adim, in this article explain that paper is one of the primary needs for humans today . High paper usage is resulting increased in production of paper . On the other hand, paper which are usually made ​​from cellulose and hemi-cellulose in wood can result environmental degradation , due to the use of wood and tree felling leads to long-term basis that can increase the temperature of the earth surface ( global warming) . Durian is relatively abundant in Indonesia , durian shell contains high cellulose ( 50-60 % ) and lignin content ( 5 %), also  a low starch content ( 5 % ) . Durian shell wastes containing fibre  with dimensions of length and fiber thick wall that be able to bind well when given a synthetic adhesive or an adhesive mineral . Pulp which is produced from durian shell waste in experiments were 1 , 2 , 3 and 4, have a value of α - cellulose content of 35 % , 45 % , 27.7 % , 37.5 % and 57.6 %, respectively. When yield value of  49.2 % , 66.8 % and 48.2 % respectively. Keywords: pulp, durian, gondorukem, digester

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of Microcrystalline Cellulose Isolated from the Pod Husk and Stalk of Fluted Pumpkin

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
C. C. Nwajiobi ◽  
J. O. E. Otaigbe ◽  
O. Oriji
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Cellulose Derivatives ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Fluted Pumpkin ◽  
Hydrolysis Of ◽  
High Lignin Content ◽  
High Cellulose

Microcrystalline celluloses (MCC) were prepared from α-celluloses obtained from fluted pumpkin stalk and pod. The substrates were subjected to treatment with 2% (w/v) NaOH, 3.5% (w/v) NaOCl and 17.5% (w/v) NaOH solutions respectively to obtain alpha celluloses. Acid hydrolysis of the alpha-celluloses using 2.5 N hydrochloric acid were carried out. The study evaluates and compares the physicochemical properties of microcrystalline cellulose obtained from the pod and stalk of fluted pumpkin. Composition of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin were also determined. Results showed cellulose; hemicellulose and lignin content of the pod husk and stalk were 49%, 26%, 9% and 41%, 24%, 26%, respectively. The morphology of the hydrolyzed MCCs’ were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the results revealed the stalk (FS-MCC) to have an individual rod-like shaped fiber when compared with flat-shaped large aggregated forms of the pod (FP-MCC). The particles sizes were also uneven with FP-MCC (6.689 µm) having larger particle sizes than FS-MCC (5.538 µm). The high cellulose content of the pod husk shows that the applications may be extended in the production of other cellulose derivatives while the high lignin content of the stalk reveals other alternative source of producing lignin in the making of textile dyes, coating and other agricultural chemical. Pod MCC (FP-MCC) had better physicochemical properties than the stalk MCC (FS-MCC).

scholarly journals Combined Pretreatment as an Effective Technology in Breaking of Phenolic Polymer Lignin from Sustainable Biomass: Bambusa balcooa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
heena Parveen ◽  
Lakshmi Tewari ◽  
Diwas Pradhan ◽  
Parul Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Biomass Structure ◽  
Hydrolysis Process ◽  
Combined Pretreatment ◽  
Phenolic Polymer ◽  
High Cellulose

Bamboo biomass is a potential source for the production of monomeric sugars containing high cellulose content with low amount of lignin. However, for efficient hydrolysis, the biomass treatment by effective pretreatment technique is required to minimize lignin content and other barrier components. During present study, the bamboo biomass was treated with different physical, chemical, biological and combined treatments to reduce the lignin content. Among all the pretreatments, the maximum lignin removal (14.5%) was obtained with the combined chemical and biological treatment under 2% NaOH+1% H2O2 +WDP2 fungal culture (5 plugs) conditions. In addition, lignolytic fungus and NaOH pretreatment was mainly effective in removing lignin, whereas the H2O2 pretreatment efficiently minimize cellulose crystallinity. To analyze structural changes of raw and treated biomass, we used scanning electron microscopy and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The structural analysis indicated that all treatments causes disruption in the biomass structure and loses the compactness of the biomass which facilitates the biomass conversion during hydrolysis process. The findings of the present study indicate effective pretreatment methods in breaching the recalcitrancy of the potential lignocellulosic biomass for maximum hydrolysis.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Sustainability in Higher Education

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Afzal Sayed Munna
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Value Judgment ◽  
A Value ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Sustainability In Higher Education

Sustainability is a lifestyle designed for permanence. Sustainability is the comparatively simpler idea, which can be explained in purely descriptive terms as the capacity of any given system to exist and reproduce on a long-term basis. The development adds a value judgment by implying the desired evolution of human society. Sustainability in Higher Education calls us to new sets of relationships-with our students, with each other, with what we learn, and with ourselves. In this reflective review the researcher has attempted to reveal some common facts relating to COVID-19 and sustainability in the higher education.

Field Measurement of Platform Behavior, Comparison With Design, and Long-Term Monitoring of Responses Stability After Three Years of Service

1984 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 412-418
Author(s):  
P. F. Ansquer ◽  
S. A. Antalovsky ◽  
E. Hjelde ◽  
G. Agnello
Keyword(s):  
Field Data ◽  
Actual Behavior ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Wave Measurements ◽  
A Value ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Gravity Platform

Field data from structural, geotechnical and wave measurements made on the concrete gravity platform TCP2 of the Norwegian FRIGG field are disclosed in this paper. Data recorded during 3 yr are interpreted and compared to design values. The stability of invariant parameters has been followed and demonstrated in view of monitoring the long-term behavior stability of the platform. The measured behavior differs from the design behavior and exhibits that design assumptions were conservative. Particularly during this 3-yr period the platform experienced very severe storms with waves up to 25.7 m, a value close to the maximum design wave (100-yr wave: 29 m). It is shown from field data how a bridge connection to a neighboring platform may influence the actual behavior compared to the design one and must be taken into account to understand the measured behavior. It is finally shown that supposed invariant parameters like natural frequencies and others are stable on a long-term basis, and how these invariants are intended to be used for the long-term stability monitoring.

scholarly journals Analisis Karakteristik Pulp Campuran Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dan Pelepah Pisang dengan Pelarut NaOH

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Sari Rizky Amelia ◽  
Muhammad Yerizam ◽  
Erwana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
High Cellulose

Tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) merupakan limbah padatan yang dihasilkan dari proses pembuatan minyak kelapa sawit yang selulosa (45,95%), kadar abu (1,23%), hemiselulosa (22,84%), kadar air (3,74%) dan lignin (16,49%). Pelepah pisang mempunyai kandungan selulosa yang tinggi akan tetapi belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal yang memiliki kandungan densitas ( 1,35 gr/cm3), selulosa (63 -64 %), hemiselulosa (20 %), lignin (5%), kekuatan Tarik rata-rata (600 Mpa), modulus tarik rata-rata (17,85 Gpa), pertambahan panjang (3,36 %), diameter serat (5,8 µm), serta panjang serat (30,9240 cm). Namun bahan-bahan ini mempunyai karakteristik dan sifat fisika kimia yang berbeda-beda. Karakteristik menjadikan perlunya analisa agar menghasilkan pulp yang diinginkan berada pada kondisi optimal. Beberapa parameter yang diukur di antaranya, konsentrasi larutan NaOH dengan variasi 7% dan 9%, dengan variasi bahan baku 40-60% serta waktu pemasakan dengan variasi waktu 75, 90, 105, 120 dan 135 menit. Sehingga pada penelitian ini didapatkan kondisi optimumnya yakni pada rasio 40:60, dengan konsentrasi 9% dan waktu pemasakan selama 120 menit didapatkan nilai kadar lignin 11,21% dan kadar selulosa 68,94%. Oil palm empty fruit bunches or TKKS are solid wastes produced from the process of making palm oil which are cellulose (45.95%), ash content (1.23%), hemicellulose (22.84%), water content (3.74 %) and lignin (16.49%). Banana midrib has a high cellulose content but has not been used optimally which contains density (1.35 g/cm3), cellulose (63 -64 %), hemicellulose (20 %), lignin (5%), average tensile strength. average (600 Mpa), average tensile modulus (17.85 Gpa), increase in length (3.36%), fiber diameter (5.8 m), and fiber length (30,9240 cm). However, these materials have different physicochemical characteristics and properties. The characteristics make the need for analysis in order to produce the desired pulp in optimal conditions. Several parameters were measured including the concentration of NaOH solution with variations of 7% and 9%, with variations of raw materials 40-60% and cooking time with variations of 75, 90, 105, 120 and 135 minutes. So that in this study the optimum conditions were obtained, namely at a ratio of 40:60, with a concentration of 9% and cooking time for 120 minutes, the lignin content was 11.21% and the cellulose content was 68.94%.

Socioeconomic Challenges faced by Basin’s People in India

Think India ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-304
Author(s):  
Biplab Tripathy ◽  
Tanmoy Mondal
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
High Tide ◽  
North East ◽  
The People ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Major River ◽  
River Ganga ◽  
Basin Region ◽  
Basin Area

India is a subcontinent, there huge no of people lived in river basin area. In India there more or less 80% of people directly or indirectly depend on River. Ganga, Brahamputra in North and North East and Mahanadi, Govabori, Krishna, Kaveri, Narmoda, Tapti, Mahi in South are the major river basin in India. There each year due to flood and high tide lots of people are suffered in river basin region in India. These problems destroy the socio economic peace and hope of the people in river basin. There peoples are continuously suffered by lots of difficulties in sort or in long term basis. Few basin regions are always in high alert at the time of monsoon seasons. Sometime due to over migration from basin area, it becomes empty and creates an ultimate loss of resources in India and causes a dis-balance situation in this area.

Analysis of Sound Reduction and Strong Drag Composite Concrete Fibers Gedebok Banana Results Delignification with Sodium Hydroxide Solvent (Naoh)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 105-120
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rouf Suprayogi ◽  
Annisa Mufida ◽  
Edwin Azwar
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Sound Intensity ◽  
Cellulose Fiber ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Cellulose Powder ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Normal Concrete ◽  
Sound Reduction

In composite science, desirable materials that are lighter but have the power and quality that can match or even exceed the material that has been there before. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cellulose fiber addition from banana gedebok to tensile strength, compressive strength and damping of concrete composite sound. To achieve this objective, mixing of cellulose fibers with K-275 quality concrete mix with variation of 0% and 5% substitution in which the cellulose is varied in powder and wicker form. Delignification of lignin content from banana gedebok was done by soaking and drying method without any variation and yielding powder having cellulose content of 13,0388%, hemicellulose 18,2796% and lignin 0,6684%. This study produces concrete composites that have a tensile strength and a compressive strength lower than that of normal concrete. Normally reinforced concrete tensile strength value 94.5 kg / cm2, 71.4 kg / cm2 cellulose powder concrete and 90.3 kg / cm2 cellulose woven concrete. Normal concrete compressive strength value 334,22 kg / cm2, cellulose powder concrete 215,7 kg / cm2, and cellulose webbing concrete 157,98 kg / cm2. As for the power damping sound of cellulose webbing concrete has the highest damping power compared to other concrete with the absorbed sound intensity that is 52-68 dB

A Review on Recent Trends in Nanomaterials and Nanocomposites for Environmental Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Malolan Rajagopal ◽  
Abhishek Krishnan ◽  
Shweta Kolathur Sreerama
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Environmental Remediation ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Recent Trends ◽  
Water And Soil Pollution

Background: Depletion and contamination of environmental resources such as water, air and soil caused by human activities is an increasingly important challenge faced around the world. The consequences of environmental pollution are felt acutely by all living beings, both on a short and long-term basis, thereby making methods of remediation of environmental pollution an urgent requirement. Objectives: The objective of this review is to dissect the complications caused by environmental degradation, highlight advancements in the field of nanotechnology and to scrutinize its applications in environmental remediation. Furthermore, the review aims to concisely explain the merits and drawbacks of nanotechnology compared to existing methods. Conclusion: The current and potential applications of nanomaterials and nanocomposites in the prevention, control and reduction of air, water and soil pollution and the mechanisms involved have been elucidated, as have their various merits and demerits. The applications of nanotechnology in the fields of carbon capture and agriculture have also received attention in this review.

Preventative Child Welfare Services in Victoria

1988 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-14
Author(s):  
Brian Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Child Welfare ◽  
Fundamental Principle ◽  
Child Welfare Services ◽  
Welfare Services ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

The idea of prevention in child welfare is not new. The prevention of substitute placement of children whether on a temporary or long-term basis has been a fundamental principle of child welfare we have held to for many years in Victoria.However, it is only in the last decade that this principle is actually being carried out in practice by a number of voluntary agencies. For many children placement is still commonly used as a solution it is easier to place a child than to promote change within many multi-deficit families.

Compliance versus adherence in serious and persistent mental illness

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula K Vuckovich
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Persistent Mental Illness ◽  
Term Basis ◽  
Nursing Literature ◽  
Compliance Versus ◽  
The Ideal

Failure to follow prescribed treatment has devastating consequences for those who are seriously and persistently mentally ill. Nurses, therefore, try to get clients to take psychotropic medication on a long-term basis. The goal is either compliance or adherence. Although current nursing literature has abandoned the term compliance because of its implications of coercion, in psychiatric nursing practice with patients suffering from serious long-term mental illness compliance and adherence are in fact different goals. The ideal goal is adherence, which requires the patient to be an active participant in the team. This goal is consistent with nurses’ ethical values, but for such patients this is frequently unrealistic. If the person is severely psychotic, treatment may be involuntary and the goal compliance. Psychiatric nurses participate in involuntary treatment and thus should acknowledge the ethical implications of compliance as a goal and not obscure the issue by calling compliance adherence.

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