Research on Approaches for Low-Carbon Transportation Strategy from both Supply and Demand Sides

2013 ◽  
Vol 779-780 ◽  
pp. 647-650
Author(s):  
Peng Peng ◽  
Yong Hui Qin
Keyword(s):  
Travel Demand ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
System Management ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Behavior Modifications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Traffic Restraint

Arresting the emission of road transport is one of the significant issues to develop the low-carbon transportation in urban area. This paper mainly discusses the substantial approaches both from technological and behavioral aspects to reduce even arrest the environmental impact from vehicle emissions. The technological approaches from supply side include constructing the transport facilities, transport system management and technological upgrading of fleet and fuel; while behavior modifications from travel demand side take account of the traffic restraint measures such as road pricing, the promotion of public transport and land use modification. This paper focuses on evaluating the potential and limitations of these approaches through the examples in the countries of the UK, America, Japan, Netherlands, Italy and China.

scholarly journals Characteristics Analysis of the Heat-to-Power Ratio from the Supply and Demand Sides of Cities in Northern China

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunyong Yin ◽  
Jianjun Xia ◽  
Yi Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Energy Structure ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Power Ratio ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Heating Method ◽  
Urban Energy

Combined heat and power (CHP), an efficient heating method with cascades use of energy, accounts for approximately 50% of the heat sources in northern China. Many researchers have made significant efforts to improve its energy efficiency and environmental effects with important achievements. Given that the system produces heat and electricity at the same time, this study focuses on the role of CHP in the holistic urban energy system and points out the mismatch between the demand and supply sides of urban energy systems by using the heat-to-power ratio as a parameter. The calculation method and characteristics of the supply side heat-to-power ratio of eight heating methods and the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio for 19 cities in northern China are displayed. After the analysis, it is concluded that (1) the maximum demand side heat-to-power ratio in the cities varies from 1.0 to 5.9, which is affected by the location and social, economic, and industrial structures. (2) In most of the cities, with the current energy structure, the demand side heat-to-power ratios are always larger than the supply side heat-to-power ratios. (3) The reduction in heating demand, surplus heat recovery, and the use of a highly efficient electric heating method, such as the heat pump, can help solve the mismatch of the heat-to-power ratio between the demand and supply sides. These conclusions can guide the urban energy planning and system construction.

scholarly journals Business advice and lending in small firms

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anoosheh Rostamkalaei ◽  
Mark Freel
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Small Firms ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Business Risk ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Sme Finance ◽  
Advice Seeking ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
The Uk

The literature on lending to small firms has primarily focused on the mechanisms and methods used to evaluate entrepreneurs and businesses and on the types of firms that are more likely to experience unfavourable application outcomes. That is, the focus of most empirical research is on supply-side decisions. The current research attempts to shed some light on demand-side considerations. Drawing upon data collected as the UK SME Finance Monitor (2011–2014), we identify links between entrepreneurs' diligence, business risk and finance-related advice-seeking prior to initiating loan and overdraft applications. The results show evidence of the usefulness of advice in ameliorating, both structural and strategic, business risk and improving the prospects of successful debt applications to banks.

scholarly journals Supply-Side and Demand-Side Cost Sharing in Health Care

1993 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randall P Ellis ◽  
Thomas G McGuire
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Cost Sharing ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Health Care Demand ◽  
Financial Risk Protection ◽  
Long Run

In health markets, the price paid by insured consumers when health care services are demanded can be set separately from the price paid to providers when services are supplied. This fact suggests two alternate strategies for controlling the costs of health care: demand-side cost sharing, where patients must pay more in co-payments or deductibles, and supply-side cost sharing, which seeks to alter the incentives of health care workers to provide certain services. We review the rationale, limits, and comparative advantage of demand- and supply-side cost sharing in health care while primarily focusing on the short-run pursuit of consumer financial risk protection and efficiency. We then turn briefly to the long-run issue of technology adoption, as well as the how supply- and demand-side cost sharing may affect the fairness of the health system.

scholarly journals Development of Supply and Demand Functions of Pakistan’s Wheat Crop

2010 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zulfiqar ◽  
Anwar F. Chishti
Keyword(s):  
Side Population ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
Simultaneous Equations ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Domestic Consumption ◽  
Demand Functions

A simultaneous-equations model was used to capture the supply and demand functions for Pakistan’s wheat sector at the national level. This model reflects the fact that Pakistan’s domestic wheat supply is priceresponsive and positively affected by the use of nutrient fertilizers. While price appears to be a statistically significant factor on the supply side, it is statistically insignificant on the demand side. Population size appears to be very significant in determining wheat demand. The wheat import supply seems to be influenced by the current world wheat price, current world wheat supplies, Pakistan’s domestic consumption in previous years, and domestic supply in previous years. We recommend that policymakers allow market forces to play a role in the wheat economy in a way that protects producers from adverse market conditions. The availability of various nutrient fertilizers should be central to policies on future inputs use. Work is also needed on wheat alternatives so that the country’s dependence on wheat is eased as much as possible.

scholarly journals A measure of competitive access to destinations for comparing across multiple study regions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Allen ◽  
Steven Farber
Keyword(s):  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Regional Differences ◽  
Transportation Networks ◽  
Spatial Interaction ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Urban Systems ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Interaction Modeling

Accessibility is now a common way to measure the benefits provided by transportation–land use systems. Despite its widespread use, few measurement options allow for the comparison of accessibility across multiple urban systems, and most do not adequately control for market competition between demand‐side actors and supply‐side facilities in localized markets. In this article, we develop a measure of competitive access to destinations that can be used to accurately compare accessibility between regions. This measure stems from spatial interaction modeling and accounts for competition at both the supply and demand sides of analysis, regional differences in transportation networks and travel behavior, and any imbalance between the size of the population and the number of opportunities. We use this method to compute access to employment for Canada's eight largest cities to comparatively examine inequalities in accessibility, both within and between cities, and by travel mode.

scholarly journals The silver tourism economy in rural areas under conditions of sustainable development

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133
Author(s):  
Jan Sikora ◽  
Agnieszka Anna Wartecka-Ważyńska
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Tourism Economy

The aim of the article is to present the concept of the silver tourism economy and to identify its supply and demand in rural areas in Poland in relation to sustainable development. The problems of interest were analysed in the context of values held by and ethical norms observed in rural communities. It was found that ethical aspects of sustainable development were embraced by older members of rural communities, and, consequently, were closely connected with the supply and demand sides of the silver tourism economy. The study revealed that the supply side of the silver tourism economy in rural areas was more developed than the demand side. The authors emphasize the need for natural, cultural, social and economic resources (associated with the supply side) to support the demand side of the rural tourism market. They also indicate that ethical values and norms of sustainable development are important for the silver tourism economy. The article is based a review of the literature, analysis of secondary sources and official documents and participant observation undertaken by of the authors.

Barriers to Youth Employment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Walmsley
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Hospitality Sector ◽  
Tourism And Hospitality

This chapter explores barriers to youth employment in the tourism and hospitality sector. It addresses this issue from both supply and demand perspectives. The supply side discusses perceptions of tourism employment while the demand side takes the perspective of business, trying to better understand the nature of demand for tourism employees, skills gaps and shortages, and attitudes towards employing young people specifically. The chapter concludes by describing a range of initiatives that target the barriers to youth employment in tourism.

Accessing demand characteristics of agritourism in Italy

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 281-296
Author(s):  
Yasuo Ohe
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Growth ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Supply Side ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Demand Characteristics ◽  
Regional Characteristics ◽  
Operation Rate

The purpose – The aim of this paper is to investigate the demand characteristics of agritourism in Italy, which has not been fully investigated despite the relatively high number of the supply-side studies on the Italian agritourism. Design – First this paper conceptually characterized the features of agritourism as the old and modern types and outlined the trend of supply and demand in agritourism in Italy in comparison with Japan. Second, this paper statistically examined the characteristics in the demand side for agritourism in Italy in comparison with tourism demand in general, such as that for hotels. Methodology and approach – Data were obtained from ‘Annuario Statistico Italiano’ edited and issued by ISTAT (Istituto Nazionale di Statistica). Data from 1997 were compared with those from 2006. We examined the regional characteristics and trends in the composition of domestic and inbound tourists in relation to agritourism. Findings – (1) Agritourism experienced rapid growth in the number of beds available and of those tourists who stayed overnight during the last decade while the operation rate of agritourism is much lower than that of tourism in general. (2) The market for agritourism domestic demand accounted for more than half of the total agritourism demand. The remaining demand was filled by inbound tourists from European countries. These inbound tourists are driving the growth of agritourism in this country. Even if we consider the particular reasons for low barriers to travel in Europe, these findings clearly indicate that it is essential for the development of agritourism to count not only on domestic but also inbound tourists to raise the operation rate. Originality of the research – The originality comes from the investigation of agritourism in Italy by focusing on the demand factors in comparison with tourism in general.

Smart Grid and Demand Side Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 139-159
Author(s):  
Alper Ozpinar ◽  
Eralp Ozil
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Demand Side Management ◽  
Demand Side ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
The Common ◽  
Management Optimization ◽  
New Policies

Energy becoming more and more crucial and critical in the civilized populations and locates itself as one of the major requirements of living standards. Obtaining the energy from fossil fuels still is one of the common sources of energy production; however, there is a common understanding of increasing the potential use of renewables, carbon capture and storage, energy efficiency and intelligence and smart applications for collecting, distributing and transmission of the energy between the supply and demand locations. Those applications and generating the new policies, roadmaps in order to make an energy revolution and increase the usage of low-carbon energy technologies targeting the decrease of energy related emissions. In this chapter, the authors explains the common issues about smart grid and demand side management and possible use artificial intelligence and metaheuristic algorithms for smart grid and demand side management optimization and scheduling.

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