The Optimal Extraction Path of Exhaustible Resource with Environment Cost

The Optimal Extraction Path of Exhaustible Resources under Environment Control

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.522-524.783 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 522-524 ◽

pp. 783-786

Author(s):

Xiao Xia Yan ◽

Jin Suo Zhang ◽

Shao Hui Zou

Keyword(s):

Optimal Control ◽

Optimal Control Theory ◽

Marginal Cost ◽

Exhaustible Resources ◽

Resource Extraction ◽

Exhaustible Resource ◽

Environment Capacity ◽

The Social ◽

Environment Control ◽

Special Case

Assuming in the perfectly competitive market, using the optimal control theory and making the social welfare as the maximization target, the paper studies on environment control which impacts the optimal extraction path of exhaustible resource. The special case result shows that: reserve and the changes of environment capacity function and curve are influenced by original reserve, discounted value, the absolute ratio of green environment flow to resource extraction quantity, and marginal cost.

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Effect of daylength and temperature on introduced legumes and grasses for the tropics and subtropics of coastal Australia. 2. N-concentration, estimated digestibility and leafiness

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9750256 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 15 (73) ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Mannetje L t

Keyword(s):

Linear Correlation ◽

Linear Relation ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

N Concentration ◽

Whole Plant ◽

Tropical Legumes ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Varied Response ◽

The Tropics

Twelve legumes and eight grasses were grown from seed in controlled environment rooms at 14 hours daylength and daylnight temperatures of 32�/24�C. After 35 days the plants were cut and the following regimes were imposed-I : 14 hours, 32�/24�C ; 2 : 14 hours, 26�/15�C ; 3 : 11 hours, 26�/15�C; 4: 11 hours, 20�/6�C. Regimes 1 and 4 represent approximate summer and winter conditions in coastal Queensland, excluding frosts. A complete nutrient application, except nitrogen, was made to the legumes. Three regrowth harvests were obtained at 28 day intervals. There were few differences between primary growth and regrowth in N-concentration and estimated dry matter digestibility (DMD) of whole plant tops. The N-concentration and DMD of regrowth of all grasses increased as the conditions became less tropical. The legumes had a varied response, but there was little regime effect on N and DMD in Trifolium repens and T. semipilosum. Many of the tropical legumes made little or no regrowth in regime 4, but differences in N and DMD were small and inconsistent between other regimes. The legumes showed a general trend towards increased leafiness as conditions became less tropical, but in the grasses there was no consistent response, although nearly all had a higher percentage leaves in regime 4 than in 1. N concentration of the leaves of all legumes and of most grasses was higher than that of stems, but DMD of stems was higher than that of leaves in T. repens, T. semipilosum and Pennisetum clandestinum. N concentration of legume leaves was little affected by regime, but that of grasses was much higher in regime 4 than in the others. Stems of legumes showed a varied response in N and DMD, as did DMD of grass stems, but the latter generally tended to increase in N with decreasing temperature and daylength. N-concentration and DMD of the grasses had a negative linear correlation with DM yield, and most grasses a positive linear correlation between DMD and N-concentration. Of the legumes only M. sativa and Pueraria phaseoloides had a negative linear relation between DMD and DM yield and M. sativa a positive linear relation between DMD and N.

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Decreased Tocopherol Concentration of Varicose Veins is Associated with a Decrease in Antilipoperoxidant Activity without Similar Changes in Plasma

Phlebology The Journal of Venous Disease ◽

10.1177/026835558900400209 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 113-121 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Carol Deby ◽

Claude Hariton ◽

Joël Pincemail ◽

Jean Coget

Keyword(s):

Linear Correlation ◽

Varicose Veins ◽

Tocopherol Content ◽

Oxidative Status ◽

Tocopherol Concentration ◽

Saphenous Veins ◽

Similar Relation ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Venous Wall

Antilipoperoxidant and antiradicalar powers were determined in human varicose saphenous veins, and correlated with tocopherol content in plasma or venous homogenates. No difference was found between plasma levels of tocopherol in samples from controls (10.25 ± 1.93 μg ml−1) and from patients with varicose veins (11.50 ± 4.05 μg ml−1), while a significant decrease in tocopherol level was observed in varicose saphenous vein (4.46 ± 1.75 μg/100 mg) as compared to normal vein homogenates (6.25 ± 1.52μg/100mg). In addition, a positive linear correlation ( r = 0.939, p < 0.001) between the antilipoperoxidant activity of venous tissues and their tocopherol content was noticed, whereas no similar relation exists with the plasma tocopherol concentrations. Moreover, a negative linear correlation ( r = 0.814, p < 0.001) between plasma and vessel-wall anti-OH properties was demonstrated, without similar correlation between anti-OH power and the tocopherol levels, neither for the plasma nor for the venous samples. Concerning antiradicalar activities, a positive linear correlation ( r = 0.761, p < 0.001) was noticed between anti-OH power and anti-ferryl ion properties observed in venous wall homogenates. This study provides a new valuation in man concerning the implication of tocopherol in the oxidative status of venous tissue.

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Concordance between Pressure Platform and Pedigraph

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11122322 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 2322

Author(s):

Cristina Gonzalez-Martin ◽

Uxia Fernandez-Lopez ◽

Abian Mosquera-Fernandez ◽

Vanesa Balboa-Barreiro ◽

Maria Teresa Garcia-Rodriguez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Observational Study ◽

Older People ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Female Gender ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Social ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

The Mean

Objectives: Determine the concordance between two methods of obtaining the plantar footprint (pedigraph and pressure platform). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study of prevalence was carried out in the social center of Cariño (Coruña), Spain (n = 65 participants). Older people without amputations or the presence of dysmetria were included. The variables studied were: sociodemographic (age, sex), anthropometric (body mass index) and footprint measurement variables. These measurements were made by obtaining the plantar footprint using two methods: pedigraph and pressure platform. Results: The mean age of the sample was 37.42 ± 15.05 years, with a predominance of the female gender (61.54%). Positive linear correlation between pedigraph and platform was observed in both feet in the Chippaux and Staheli indices (correlation coefficient > 0.3, p < 0.001 in each comparison). The reliability was good or moderate in relation with the Chippaux and Staheli index. Slightly lower coefficients were observed in the dimensions of the foot. Conclusions: A positive linear correlation between pedigraph and platform was observed in both feet in the Chippaux and Staheli indices. Significant differences were observed between pedigraph and platform in relation to the width and length of the foot. It is probably due to the fact that the pressure platform provides more exhaustive, detailed and accurate information of the foot.

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Correlations of gestational hemoglobin, placental mineral elements and reproductive performances in pregnant sows

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skac010 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Liu Guo ◽

Dongming Zhang ◽

Wenjie Tang ◽

Zhenglin Dong ◽

Yawei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Litter Size ◽

Reproductive Performance ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Large Scale ◽

Iron Status ◽

Great Influence ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Average Weight ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation

Abstract Iron status of sows has a great influence on reproductive performance. Iron deficiency reduces reproductive performance and newborn piglet survival rate of sow. The hemoglobin is a potential predictor for iron status of sows and is convenient for rapid detection in pig farms. However, the relationship between iron status, hemoglobin, placental trace elements and reproductive performance remains unclear. In this study, the hemoglobin and reproductive performance of more than 500 sows with 1 st to 6 th parities at different gestation stages (25, 55, 75, 95, 110 days of gestation) in two large-scale sow farms were collected, and content of placental Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu was analyzed. The results show hemoglobin of sows during pregnancy (d 75, d 95, d 110) decreased significantly (P < 0.001). As the parity increases, the hemoglobin levels of sows at d 25, d 55 of gestation and placental mineral element contents included Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu at delivery decreased (P < 0.05), while the litter size, birth alive and litter weights increased gradually (P < 0.001). Furthermore, hemoglobin during pregnancy had a negative linear correlation with litter weight and average weight (P < 0.05), higher hemoglobin at d 25 of gestation may reduce the number of stillbirths (P = 0.05), but higher hemoglobin at d 110 of gestation was tend to be benefit for the birth (P = 0.01). And there was a significant positive linear correlation between hemoglobin at d 110 of gestation and placental Fe and Mn levels (P = 0.002, P = 0.013). There was also a significant positive linear correlation among Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu in the placenta (P < 0.001). The levels of Fe, Zn, and Mn in placental at delivery were positive related to the average weight of the fetus (P = 0.048, P = 0.027, P = 0.047), and placental Cu was linearly correlated with litter size (P = 0.029). Our research revealed the requirements for iron during gestation were varied in different gestation periods and parities. The feeds should be adjusted according to the gestation periods, parities or iron status to meet the iron requirements of sows and fetal pigs.

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Relationship between fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery (FLAIR) signal intensity and inflammatory mediator's levels in the hippocampus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and mesial temporal sclerosis

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/s0004-282x2011000100018 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 91-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Pedro Paulo Vasconcellos Varella ◽

Joselita Ferreira Carvalho Santiago ◽

Henrique Carrete Jr. ◽

Elisa Mieko Suemitsu Higa ◽

Elza Márcia Targas Yacubian ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temporal Lobe Epilepsy ◽

Temporal Lobe ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Neurological Disorders ◽

Seizure Control ◽

Mesial Temporal Sclerosis ◽

Glutamate Concentration ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery

We investigated a relationship between the FLAIR signal found in mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS) and inflammation. Twenty nine patients were selected through clinical and MRI analysis and submitted to cortico-amygdalo-hippocampectomy to seizure control. Glutamate, TNFα, IL1, nitric oxide (NO) levels and immunostaining against IL1β and CD45 was performed. Control tissues (n=10) were obtained after autopsy of patients without neurological disorders. The glutamate was decreased in the temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) -MTS group (p<0.001), suggesting increased release of this neurotransmitter. The IL1β and TNFα were increased in the hippocampus (p<0.05) demonstrating an active inflammatory process. A positive linear correlation between FLAIR signal and NO and IL1β levels and a negative linear correlation between FLAIR signal and glutamate concentration was found. Lymphocytes infiltrates were present in hippocampi of TLE patients. These data showed an association between hippocampal signal alteration and increased inflammatory markers in TLE-MTS.

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Quantification of alterations in diffusion measures of white matter integrity associated with healthy aging

10.1101/540443 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ciara J. Molloy ◽

Sinead Nugent ◽

Arun L.W. Bokde

Keyword(s):

White Matter ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Mean Diffusivity ◽

B Value ◽

Brain Functioning ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

The Brain

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the linear association of age with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures of white matter such as fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD) and radial diffusivity (RD). We assessed patterns of overlap between linear correlations of age with FA with RD, MD and AD to characterize the process of white matter degeneration observed with ageing. 79 healthy adults aged between 18 and 75 took part in the study. The DTI data were based on 61 directions acquired with a b-value of 2000. There was a statistically significant negative linear correlation of age with FA and AD and a positive linear correlation with RD and MD, and AD. The forceps minor tract showed largest percentage of voxels with an association of age with FA, RD and AD, and the anterior thalamic radiation with MD. We found 5 main patterns of overlap: FA alone (15.95%); FA and RD (31.90%); FA and AD (12.99%); FA, RD and AD (27.37%); FA RD, and MD (6.94%). Patterns of overlap between diffusion measures may reflect underlying biological changes with healthy ageing such as loss of myelination, axonal damage, as well as mild microstructural and chronic white matter impairments. This study may provide information about causes of degeneration in specific regions of the brain, and how this may affect healthy brain functioning in older adults.

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V.—The Geochemistry of the Older Granodiorite, Co. Donegal, Ireland

Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh ◽

10.1017/s0080456800100092 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 64 (5-6) ◽

pp. 101-127 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Edward L. P. Mercy

Keyword(s):

Chemical Analysis ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Geographical Variation ◽

Major Elements ◽

Low Degree ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Alumino Silicate ◽

Ca Ions ◽

High Degree

SynopsisChemical analysis of samples of the Older Granodiorite, Co. Donegal, Ireland, shows that it has a geographical variation in which Si, K and O increase, Na is about constant and all other major elements decrease in amount from east to west. There is a high degree of positive linear correlation between Mg and Fe2 + Fe3 which implies derivation of these elements from some previously existing ferromagnesiam mineral in which the appropriate ratio was maintained. There is a low degree of negative linear correlation between Na and K which implies that these elements are mobile and independent of each other.The chemical relationships of the granodiorite to its pelitic country rocks are shown and discussed. The relations are such that the preferred hypothesis for the origin of the granodiorite is one of influx of Na, K and Ca ions in an alumino-silicate medium. Country rocks are diluted by this influx and it is unnecessary to assume any great migration of Mg and Fe. With time the nature of the influx changes—Ca decreases in amount whereas Na, K and Si all increase but K and Si to a very much greater extent than Na.

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WSPM-System: Providing Real Data of Rotor Speed and Pitch Angle for Numerical Simulation of Downwash Airflow from a Multirotor UAV Sprayer

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11111038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 1038

Author(s):

Hao Zhang ◽

Lijun Qi ◽

Junjie Wan ◽

Elizabeth M. Musiu ◽

Jiarui Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Pitch Angle ◽

Real Data ◽

Flight Speed ◽

Rotor Speed ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Positive Linear Correlation ◽

Boltzmann Method ◽

Simulation Parameters

The accurate setting of input parameters in the numerical simulation of downwash airflow from a UAV sprayer is important for acceptable simulation results. To provide real data of simulation parameters (rotor speed and pitch angle) for the numerical simulation of downwash airflow, a wireless simulation parameter measurement system (WSPM-System) was designed and tested in this study. The system consists of hardware and software designed based on Arduino and LabVIEW, respectively. Wireless communication was realized by nRF24L01. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) was applied for the numerical simulation of downwash airflow. The results showed that the valid communication distance of the WSPM-System was 100 m, with a packet loss rate of less than 1%. While hovering, the rotor speed dropped by about 30% when the load of the UAV sprayer changed from 16 kg to 4 kg, which resulted in the maximum vertical downward velocity (VVD) on the horizontal detection surface dropping by about 23%. Under forward flight, the rotor speed in the front (n1, n6) and rear (n3, n4) of the UAV sprayer, respectively, showed a negative linear correlation and positive linear correlation with flight speed (R2 > 0.95). Meanwhile, the rotor speed in the middle (n2, n5) was consistent with the rotor speed while hovering under the same load; the pitch angle showed a positive linear correlation with flight speed (R2 > 0.94). A correlation analysis of measured and simulated values of the VVD revealed that the numerical simulation of downwash airflow with the parameters provided by the WSPM-System was reliable (R2 = 0.91). This study confirmed that the input value of the rotor speed in the fluid software needed to be determined according to the application parameters of the UAV sprayer, thus providing a feasible method and system for obtaining real simulation parameters.

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Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-99865-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Te Miao ◽

Peihua Wang ◽

Nan Zhang ◽

Yuguo Li

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Bacterial Growth ◽

Linear Correlation ◽

Pairwise Comparison ◽

Absolute Humidity ◽

Ventilation Rate ◽

Negative Linear Correlation ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Running Shoes ◽

Positive Linear Correlation

AbstractThe association between the footwear microclimate and microbial community on the foot plantar skin was investigated by experiments with three participants. Novel methods were developed for measuring in-shoe temperature and humidity at five footwear regions, as well as the overall ventilation rate inside the footwear. Three types of footwear were tested including casual shoes, running shoes, and perforated shoes for pairwise comparison of footwear microclimate and corresponding microbial community on the skin. The major findings are as follows: (1) footwear types make a significant difference to in-shoe temperature at the instep region with the casual shoes sustaining the warmest of all types; (2) significant differences were observed in local internal absolute humidity between footwear types, with the casual shoes sustaining the highest level of humidity at most regions; (3) the perforated shoes provided the highest ventilation rate, followed by running and casual shoes, and the faster the gait, the larger the discrepancy in ventilation rate between footwear types; (4) the casual shoes seemed to provide the most favorable internal environment for bacterial growth at the distal plantar skin; and (5) the bacterial growth at the distal plantar skin showed a positive linear correlation with the in-shoe temperature and absolute humidity, and a negative linear correlation with the ventilation rate. The ventilation rate seemed to be a more reliable indicator of the bacterial growth. Above all, we can conclude that footwear microclimate varies in footwear types, which makes contributions to the bacterial growth on the foot plantar skin.

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