Co-Extrusion of Wood Flour/PP Composites with PP-Based Cap Layer Reinforced with Macro-and Micro-Sized Cellulosic Fibres

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 203-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Turku ◽  
Kimmo Hämäläinen ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Shell Layer ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cellulosic Fibres ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Shell Composite

In order to improve the properties of a co-extruded wood-plastic composite (WPC), different types of cellulosic fibres, pulp cellulose (PC), a combination of PC/microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) and wood flour (WF) with different size were introduced into shell layer based on a polypropylene (PP) matrix. The combination of PC/MFC improved the tensile properties compared to PC alone; but the impact strength was independent on the MFCs content. The presence of MFCs did not influence the water absorption (WA), but thickness swelling (TS) increased, however. The properties of the WF/PP-shell composite were highly affected by the WF particle size. The 20-mesh-sized WF-loaded composite had weaker mechanical properties compared to the smaller sized, Arbocel C320, shell-layer filled WPC. Also, Arbocel C320/PP-coated WPC had the highest tensile properties among all studied composites. The morphology of the composites was examined with a scan electron microscope.

The Influence of Different Carbon Type Fillers on the Mechanical and Physical Properties of Co-Extruded PP-Based WPC

2014 ◽  
Vol 1025-1026 ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Turku ◽  
Timo Kärki
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Carbon Fibres ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽  
The Impact

In order to improve the properties of a co-extruded wood-plastic composite (WPC), five different carbon-based fillers, namely graphite (G), expandable graphite (EG), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon black (CB) and carbon fibres (CFs) were introduced into the shell layer of polypropylene (PP)-based WPC. The addition of CB, G, EG and CNTs improved the tensile strength by 45%, 25%, 5% and 32%, respectively; the addition of carbon fibres decreased the tensile strength by 22%. However, the tensile modulus of the composites decreased for all filler types. The incorporation of CNTs and CFs increased the impact strength by 11% and 21%, respectively; the impact strength of CB, EG and G-loaded WPCs decreased by 7%. The incorporation of CB, EG, G, CNTs improved the hardness by 25%, 9%, 25% and 59%, respectively; the addition of CFs decreased the hardness slightly. The wettability of the composite decreased with the CB, CNTs and CFs loadings. The presence of EG increased water absorption, whereas thickness swelling decreased compared to the reference.

scholarly journals Effect of Chemical Modification on Mechanical Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite Injection-Molded Parts

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joo Sohn ◽  
Sung Cha
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Furniture Manufacturing ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
The Impact

Wood chips from furniture-manufacturing byproducts, which do not include adhesive or paint in the waste wood, were used for the flouring process and chemical modification of wood flour (WF). After chemical modification, the WF was mixed with polypropylene through extrusion compounding and injection-molding to prepare wood-plastic composite (WPC) injection-molded specimens for the American Society for Testing and Materials. Static contact angle measurements and stereomicroscope observations were performed. In this study, it was confirmed that the impact strength was improved by up to 55.8% and the tensile strength by up to 33.8%. The flexural modulus decreased marginally. As a result of WF chemical modification, the measured contact angle of WPC increased, which means that the wettability of the WPC specimen surface decreased. In addition, it was observed through stereomicroscopy that the whitening of the surface of the WPC specimen improved.

Manufacturing of Wood-Plastic Composite from Completely Recycled Materials

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Taghi Tabarsa ◽  
Hossein Khanjanzadeh ◽  
Hamidreza Pirayesh
Keyword(s):  
Textile Industry ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Hot Press ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Batch Method ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Mechanical And Physical Properties

In this study, wastes of wood cutting mills (wood flour) as well as wastes of textile industry (granules of polypropylene) were used in manufacturing wood-plastic composites. Hence, wood flour with weight percent of 30, 35 and 40 was mixed with corresponding amount of polypropylene and coupling agent, polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride in amount of 6 percent was used in whole compounds. Production was done by batch method and with employment of hot press and after preparation and cutting of specimens physical and mechanical properties of them was studied. The results showed that with increase of wood flour up to 35 percent, MOR, MOE, water absorption and thickness swelling increases but further than it mechanical and physical properties decreases. Besides, increase of wood flour up to 40 percent increased the hardness of the specimens.

Natural durability of organomodified layered silicate filled wood flour reinforced polypropylene nanocomposites

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behzad Kord
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Layered Silicate ◽  
Natural Durability ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe effect of organomodified montmorillonite (OMMT) loading on the natural durability properties of polypropylene/wood flour composites exposed to brown-rot fungi (Coniophora puteana) was studied. To meet this objective, the blend composites were prepared through the melt mixing of polypropylene/wood flour at 50% weight ratios, with various amounts of OMMT (0, 3 and 6 per hundred compounds [phc]) in a hake internal mixer. The samples were then made by injection molding. The amount of coupling agent was fixed at 2 phc for all formulations. After specimen and culture medium preparation, the specimens were exposed to the purified fungus at 25°C and 75% relative humidity for 14 weeks. Identical specimens of the same composite, without being exposed to the fungus, were provided as the control specimens. After the discussed periods; weight loss, flexural strength, flexural modulus, hardness, water absorption, and thickness swelling of specimens were measured. Results indicated that OMMT had significant effects on the natural durability of the studied composite formulations. All mechanical properties were affected by the fungus, to a greater extent in the case of specimens without OMMT than the specimens with OMMT. Furthermore, the flexural strength and modulus increased with an increase of OMMT up to 3 phc and then decreased. However, the impact strength, water absorption and thickness swelling was decreased with increase of OMMT loading. Also, the lowest weight loss and the highest hardness were observed in the composite containing 6 phc organoclay. The morphology of the nanocomposites was examined by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Morphological findings revealed that intercalation came from the sample with 3 phc concentration of OMMT, which implies the formation of intercalation morphology and better dispersion than 6 phc.

Wood-Plastic Composites Prepared by Waste Polypropylene and Toughening

2014 ◽  
Vol 878 ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Sen Chen ◽  
Yu Wen Guo ◽  
Jiu Li Ruan ◽  
Qi Qiao ◽  
Jian Qiang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Impact Strength ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Waste Polypropylene ◽  
Strength Improvement ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

The feasibility of wood-plastic composite (WPC) and efficiency of impact strength improvement by toughening agents were discussed using waste polypropylene (PP) from e-wastes as experimental materials. The researching results indicated that it could be used in manufacturing wood-plastic composite while the impact strength of waste PP decreased by 47.3% comparing with new PP. Adding polyethylene octene elastomer (POE) and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) could effectively enhance the impact strength of WPC. When adding 15% of POE and SBS individually, the impact strength increased by 113.2% and 43.4%. The modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE) lowered when toughening agents were added, which should be made into consideration in practical application according to the property of materials comprehensively.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Azobé/Urea Formaldehyde Wood Plastic Composite Behaviors under Charpy Impact and Low-Velocity Drop Weight Tests

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 60 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Ntenga ◽  
Serges Lahe ◽  
Jean Atangana Ateba ◽  
Tibi Beda
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Impact Loading ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Urea Formaldehyde ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Target Plate ◽  
Tropical Wood ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Drop Weight ◽  
The Impact

This work is concerned with the study of the influence of impactor’s velocity parameters, impactor’s geometry, the target plate properties, and thickness, on the response of a tropical wood plastic composite (WPC) Azobé/urea formaldehyde (Az/UF) plate under impact loading. Variations of the impact force, displacement, deformation, and impact energy of the specimens with weight fractions of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% have been considered in finite element analysis (FEA) simulations. The simulations of the Charpy and of a drop weight impact test on the WPC were carried out using the explicit dynamics module of ANSYS Workbench, which handles problems of dynamic loading of a short duration for 2D and 3D analyses. Contact laws that account for the compressibility of the interacting bodies (the standard steel impactor and the WPC target plate), have been used. The results show that the displacements decrease in contrast to the increase of the wood filler content, and vary in the 6.8–9.0 mm interval. From an energetic point of view, it is observed that the maximum absorbed energy is between 40 and 50% for the Azobe flour wt.%, with energy absorption rates of 28% and 26% of the total energy. These results are in agreement with those reported in previous experimental investigations on hybrid WPCs filled with wood flour and glass fibers, which produce an energy absorption rate of 24–26%. These results promote the applicability of Azobé tropical wood in fabricating WPCs for impact loading situations.

Sandwiched Wood-Plastic Composites with Flame-Retardant Skin

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Wen Lei ◽  
Hong Ming Ma ◽  
Yi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flame Retardancy ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Oxygen Index ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Wood Plastic Composites ◽  
The Core ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composites

In order to improve the flame retardancy of wood-plastic composites,a new sandwiched composite is introduced in this paper with basic magnesium sulfated whisker(MOS) filled high density polyethylene(HDPE) as skin and wood flour filled HDPE as core.The oxygen index of the skin and the mechanical properties of the whole sandwiched composite are investigated. The results show that, the flame retardancy of the skin will be improved siginicantly when much MOS is used,and the skin containing 40wt% MOS has an oxygen index of 25.6%,in addition,the sandwiched composite in which both the mass contents of MOS in the skin and wood flour in the core are 40% has better mechanical properties than the traditional wood plastic composite(WPC) without any skin,and the sandwiched WPC is more fatigue-resistant.

Effect of Compatibilizing Agent on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Wood-Plastic Composites

2010 ◽  
Vol 150-151 ◽  
pp. 406-409
Author(s):  
Wen Lei ◽  
Xiao Yan Ding ◽  
Chi Xu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Compatibilizing Agent ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Polypropylene and wood flour were used as raw materials,maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene(MAPP) as compatibilizing agent, wood-plastic composite(WPC) was prepared by compression molding process. The effects of the content of MAPP on the mechanical and thermal properties of WPC were investigated. The results show that, with the increase of the content of MAPP, both the tensile and flexural strengths of WPC will increase, and the impact strength of WPC increases first, then decreases, and the impact strength reaches the maximum of 1.18kJ/m2 when the content of MAPP is 4%,which is 76.7% increased from that of the composite without MAPP. Each composite has an obvious heat-absorption peak when melted during 140-170 and the melting enthalpy of WPC increases with the content of MAPP, the melting procedures of all the composites are quite similar with one another. Application of MAPP can improve the thermal stability of WPC

scholarly journals Investigation on the mechanical and morphological properties of foamed nanocomposites based on wood flour/PVC/multi-walled carbon nanotube

BioResources ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 841-852
Author(s):  
Afshin Tavassoli Farsheh ◽  
Mohammad Talaeipour ◽  
Amir Homan Hemmasi ◽  
Habib Khademieslam ◽  
Ismaeil Ghasemi
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Batch Process ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Foaming Agent ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Foaming

Recently, the use of nanoparticles in Wood Plastic Composites (WPCs) has been considered by researchers. In this study, Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs) were compounded with PVC, wood-flour, and foaming agent in an internal mixer. The wood flour amount was constant at 40 phr. For CNT and chemical foaming agent , different levels of 0, 1, 2 phr and 0, 3, 6 phr were considered respectively. The samples were foamed via batch process using a compression molding machine at 180°C. Morphology, density, water absorption, thickness swelling, and tensile properties of foamed composites were evaluated as a function of CNT and chemical foaming agent contents. The experimental results indicated that in the presence of CNT, cell density increased and cell size decreased. Density of the foamed composites was not affected by chemical foaming agent contents. Water absorption and thickness swelling of samples were decreased as compared with wood plastic composite without CNTs. Also, the maximum tensile strength and modulus were increased by up to 20% and 23% respectively.

Effect of Additive on Tensile Properties of Wood-Plastic Composite

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (0) ◽  
pp. OS14-24
Author(s):  
Shun FURUYA ◽  
Masahiro NISHIDA ◽  
Hirokazu ITO ◽  
Rie MAKISE ◽  
Masaki OKAMOTO
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Plastic Composite
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