Structure, Microstructure, and Selected Mechanical Properties of Ti-Zr-Mo Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2014 ◽  
Vol 922 ◽  
pp. 75-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Rafael Nespeque Correa ◽  
Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Melting Furnace ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Β Phase

New titanium alloys for biomedical applications have been developed primarily with the addition of Nb, Ta, Mo, and Zr, because those elements stabilize the β phase and they don’t cause cytotoxicity in the organism. The objective of this paper is to analyze the effect of molybdenum on the structure, microstructure, and selected mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr-xMo (x = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) alloys. The samples were produced in an arc-melting furnace with inert argon atmosphere, and they were hot-rolled and homogenized. The samples were characterized using chemical, structural, and microstructural analysis. The mechanical analysis was made using Vickers microhardness and Young’s modulus measurements. The compositions of the alloys were sensitive to the molybdenum concentration, indicating the presence of α’+α”+β phases in the Ti-15Zr-5Mo alloy, α”+β in the Ti-15Zr-10Mo alloy, and β phase in the Ti-15Zr-15Mo and Ti-15Zr-20Mo alloys. The mechanical properties showed favorable values for biomedical application in the alloys presenting high hardness and low Young’s modulus compared with CP-Ti.

Mechanical Properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 635-640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonosuke Murayama ◽  
Shuichi Sasaki ◽  
Hisamichi Kimura ◽  
Akihiko Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Twinning ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Low Modulus ◽  
Deformation Modes ◽  
Zr Alloy ◽  
Zr Alloys

Low modulus β Ti alloys are attractive for biomedical application. This work examines the mechanical properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr system alloys, especially the effect of the varying alloy composition on the microstructure, the Young’s modulus and the deformation mechanism.The Young’s modulus of the alloy varies with the composition, which variation is caused mainly from the competition between the meta-stable β phase and ω phase.The deformation modes of the Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy, which are the mechanical twinning, the deformation by slip and the deformation-induced transformation, also change depending on the composition of the alloy. The minimum of the Young’s modulusof the Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy in this experiment was shown in the composition where the microstructure of the alloy changes from the martensitic structure to the meta-stable β structure.

Effect of Y2O3 on Mechanical Properties of Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr for Biomedical Applications

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 2138-2141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiu Song ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi ◽  
Harumi Tsutsumi ◽  
Toshikazu Akahori ◽  
Masaaki Nakai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Good Balance ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Β Phase

Y2O3 was added to β-type Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr (TNTZ) in order to achieve excellent mechanical performance and low Young’s modulus. TNTZ specimens with 0.05%–1.0% Y are all found to be composed of a β phase. Young’s moduli of TNTZ with 0.05–1.0% Y are all maintained low, and are almost the same as that of TNTZ without Y2O3. The grain size of TNTZ with 0.05%–1.0% Y is smaller than that of TNTZ without Y2O3. Moreover, Y2O3 precipitates can prevent the texture movement, and this effect becomes more obvious with an increase in the Y concentration. The tensile strength of TNTZ is successfully improved by adding Y2O3. TNTZ specimens with 0.2% and 1.0% Y exhibit good balance between the tensile strength and the elongation.

scholarly journals First principles computation of composition dependent elastic constants of omega in titanium alloys: implications on mechanical behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Salloom ◽  
S. A. Mantri ◽  
R. Banerjee ◽  
S. G. Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Ω Phase ◽  
Stabilizer Concentration

AbstractFor decades the poor mechanical properties of Ti alloys were attributed to the intrinsic brittleness of the hexagonal ω-phase that has fewer than 5-independent slip systems. We contradict this conventional wisdom by coupling first-principles and cluster expansion calculations with experiments. We show that the elastic properties of the ω-phase can be systematically varied as a function of its composition to enhance both the ductility and strength of the Ti-alloy. Studies with five prototypical β-stabilizer solutes (Nb, Ta, V, Mo, and W) show that increasing β-stabilizer concentration destabilizes the ω-phase, in agreement with experiments. The Young’s modulus of ω-phase also decreased at larger concentration of β-stabilizers. Within the region of ω-phase stability, addition of Nb, Ta, and V (Group-V elements) decreased Young’s modulus more steeply compared to Mo and W (Group-VI elements) additions. The higher values of Young’s modulus of Ti–W and Ti–Mo binaries is related to the stronger stabilization of ω-phase due to the higher number of valence electrons. Density of states (DOS) calculations also revealed a stronger covalent bonding in the ω-phase compared to a metallic bonding in β-phase, and indicate that alloying is a promising route to enhance the ω-phase’s ductility. Overall, the mechanical properties of ω-phase predicted by our calculations agree well with the available experiments. Importantly, our study reveals that ω precipitates are not intrinsically embrittling and detrimental, and that we can create Ti-alloys with both good ductility and strength by tailoring ω precipitates' composition instead of completely eliminating them.

Manuscript Title: Mechanical and Microstructural Studies of Volcanic Ash Beds in Unconventional Reservoirs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C Acosta ◽  
Mark E Curtis ◽  
Carl H Sondergeld ◽  
Chandra S Rai
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Fracturing ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Thin Layers ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Eagle Ford ◽  
Diagenetic Alteration

Abstract Volcanic ash beds are thin layers commonly observed in the Eagle Ford, Niobrara and, Vaca Muerta formations. Because of their differences in composition, sedimentary structures, and diagenetic alteration, they exhibit a significant contrast in mechanical properties with respect to surrounding formation layers. This can impact hydraulic fracturing, affecting fracture propagation and fracture geometry. Quantifying the mechanical properties of ash beds becomes significant; however, it is a challenge with traditional testing methods. Common logging fails to identify the ash beds, and core plug testing is not possible because of their friability. In this study, nanoindentation was used to measure the mechanical properties (Young's modulus, creep, and anisotropy) in Eagle Ford ash beds, and to determine the contrast with the formation matrix properties. Two separate ash beds of high clay and plagioclase composition were epoxied in an aluminum tray and left for 48 hours curing time. Horizontal and vertical samples of ash beds were acquired and mounted on a metal stub, followed by polishing and broad beam ion milling. Adjacent samples were also prepared for high-resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) microstructural analysis. The Young's modulus in ash beds ranged from 12 to 24 GPa, with the horizontal direction Young's modulus being slightly greater than that of the vertical samples. The Young's modulus contrast with adjacent layers was calculated to be 1:2 with clay-rich zones and 1:4 with calcite rich zones. The creep deformation rate was three times higher for ash beds compared to other zones. Using Backus averaging, it was determined that the presence of ash beds can increase the anisotropy in the formation by 15-25%. SEM results showed a variation in microstructure between the ash beds with evidence of diagenetic conversion of rhyolitic material into clays. Key differences between the two ash beds were due to the presence of plagioclase and the occurrence of porosity within kaolinite. Overall porosity varied between the two ash beds and adjacent carbonate layers showing a significant increase in porosity. Understanding the moduli contrast between adjacent layers can improve the hydraulic fracturing design when ash beds are encountered. In addition, the presence of these beds can lead to proppant embedment and loss in fracture connectivity. These results can be used for improving geomechanical models.

Development and Characterization of New Ti-25Ta-Zr Alloys for Biomedical Applications

2021 ◽  
Vol 1016 ◽  
pp. 137-144
Author(s):  
Pedro Akira Bazaglia Kuroda ◽  
Fernanda de Freitas Quadros ◽  
Mycaela Vieira Nascimento ◽  
Carlos Roberto Grandini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Cp Ti ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

This paper deals with the study of the development, structural and microstructural characterization and, selected mechanical properties of Ti-25Ta-50Zr alloy for biomedical applications. The alloy was melted in an arc furnace and various solution heat treatments were performed to analyze the influence of the temperature and time on the structure, microstructure, microhardness and elastic modulus of the samples. The structural and microstructural results, obtained by X-ray diffraction and microscopy techniques, showed that the solution heat treatment performed at high temperatures induces the formation of the β phase, while solution heat treatment performed at low temperatures induces the formation of the α” and ω metastable phases. Regarding the effect of time, samples subjected to heat treatment for 6 hours have only the β phase, indicating that lengthy treatments suppress the α” phase. Regarding the hardness and elastic modulus, the alloy with the α” and ω phases, after treatment performed at a temperature of 500 °C, has a high hardness value and elastic modulus due to the presence of the ω phase that hardens and weakens alloys. The titanium alloys developed in this study have excellent mechanical properties results for use in the orthopedic area, better than many commercial materials such as cp-Ti, stainless steel and Co-Cr alloys.

Phase Stability and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr Alloys Containing a Large Amount of Zr

2016 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 1344-1349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yonosuke Murayama ◽  
Erdnechuluun Enkhjavkhlan ◽  
Akihiko Chiba
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Deformation Behavior ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Martensitic Structure ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Microstructural Transition ◽  
Zr Alloy ◽  
Zr Alloys

The Young’s modulus of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloy varies with the composition of Cr, Sn and Zr, in which the elements act as β stabilizers. Some Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys show very low Young’s modulus under 50GPa. The amount of Zr in alloys with very low Young's modulus increases with the decrease of Cr. We investigated the Young’s modulus and deformation behavior of Ti-xCr-Sn-Zr (x=0~1mass%) alloys containing a large amount of Zr. The quenched microstructure of Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys changes from martensitic structure to β single-phase structure if the amounts of β stabilized elements are increased. The Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys with compositions close to the transitional composition of microstructure from martensite to β phase show minimum Young’s modulus. The clear microstructural transition disappears and the minimum Young’s modulus increases if the amount of Cr becomes too small. In Ti-Cr-Sn-Zr alloys containing a large amount of Zr, Young’s modulus depends on β phase that is intermingled with martensite.

Mechanical Properties of Transparent Polycrystalline Silicon Nitride

2006 ◽  
Vol 317-318 ◽  
pp. 305-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rak Joo Sung ◽  
Takafumi Kusunose ◽  
Tadachika Nakayama ◽  
Yoon Ho Kim ◽  
Tohru Sekino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Silicon Nitride ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Fracture Strength ◽  
Polycrystalline Silicon ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase

A novel transparent polycrystalline silicon nitride was fabricated by hot-press sintering with MgO and AlN as additives. The mixed powder with 3 wt.% MgO and 9 wt.% AlN was sintered at 1900oC for 1 hour under 30 MPa pressure in a nitrogen gas atmosphere. Transparent polycrystalline silicon nitride was successfully fabricated. The mechanical properties such as density, hardness, young’s modulus, fracture strength and fracture toughness were evaluated. The effect of α/β phase on the mechanical properties of transparent polycrystalline silicon nitride was investigated. The properties were changed depending on the amount of α/β phase. The hardness and Young's modulus increased with increasing the volume fraction of α-phase fraction as a reflection of the higher hardness of α-phase Si3N4. The fracture toughness and fracture strength decreased with decreasing the volume fraction of β-phase Si3N4.

scholarly journals Improving the Mechanical Properties of a β-type Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O Alloy

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasile Danut Cojocaru ◽  
Anna Nocivin ◽  
Corneliu Trisca-Rusu ◽  
Alexandru Dan ◽  
Raluca Irimescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Biomedical Implant ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Β Phase

The influence of complex thermo-mechanical processing (TMP) on the mechanical properties of a Ti-Nb-Zr-Fe-O bio-alloy was investigated in this study. The proposed TMP program involves a schema featuring a series of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and solution treatment (STs). The purpose of this study was to find the proper parameter combination for the applied TMP and thus enhance the mechanical strength and diminish the Young’s modulus. The proposed chemical composition of the studied β-type Ti-alloy was conceived from already-appreciated Ti-Nb-Ta-Zr alloys with high β-stability by replacing the expensive Ta with more accessible Fe and O. These chemical additions are expected to better enhance β-stability and thus avoid the generation of ω, α’, and α” during complex TMP, as well as allow for the processing of a single bcc β-phase with significant grain diminution, increased mechanical strength, and a low elasticity value/Young’s modulus. The proposed TMP program considers two research directions of TMP experiments. For comparisons using structural and mechanical perspectives, the two categories of the experimental samples were analyzed using SEM microscopy and a series of tensile tests. The comparison also included some already published results for similar alloys. The analysis revealed the advantages and disadvantages for all compared categories, with the conclusions highlighting that the studied alloys are suitable for expanding the database of possible β-Ti bio-alloys that could be used depending on the specific requirements of different biomedical implant applications.

A METALLURGICAL OVERVIEW OF TI – BASED ALLOY IN BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Hidayatul Nadhirah Elmi Azham Shah ◽  
Mazyan Yahaya ◽  
Maheran Sulaiman ◽  
Muhammad Hussain Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Application ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
Young Modulus ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Shielding Effect ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Ti Alloys ◽  
Α Phase

Titanium (Ti)-based alloys are prominently used in biomedical application. This review paper emphasizes on some of the important aspects of the Ti-alloys in terms of metallurgical aspects, manufacturing routes and biocompatibility. Two kinds of structure are reviewed namely dense and porous, both differs in terms of purpose and satisfies different needs. This advancement of materials and equipment helps to improve the quality of life for patients and alleviate their health problems. Metallic materials, mainly Ti-based alloys have been used commercially as bone implant owing to its promising mechanical properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity. The outmost important issue in manufacturing  of  this  alloy  is  the  impurity  contents,  specifically  oxygen  and  carbon  which contribute   to decreasing in material performance of the alloy attributed from the formation of unwanted  oxide compounds such as TiO2 and  TiC. Another issue is the mismatch value of the Young’s modulus between the metallic implant and bone that result in stress shielding effect.  The structure of Ti-based  alloy is  mainly comprised of α-phase, β-phase or a combination of  both that result in variation of Young’s modulus ranging from 45 -110 GPa. Compared to α-phase Ti alloy, the β-phase rich alloys may exhibit lower value of Young modulus through the right processing technique. Therefore, the development of β-phase Ti-alloys has been researched progressively in line with the need of low Young’s modulus that suit for implant applications.

Effect of Hot Swaging on Microstructure and Properties of Aged Ti-10Mo-20Nb Alloy

2016 ◽  
Vol 869 ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sinara Borborema Gabriel ◽  
Jean Dille ◽  
Carlos Angelo Nunes ◽  
Emanuel Santos Jr. ◽  
Renato Baldan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Stress Shielding ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Mechanical Strength ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Final Microstructure

Mechanical properties of metastable β-Ti alloys are highly dependent on the final microstructure, which is controlled by the thermomechanical processing. These alloys are used for biomedical applications and require a high mechanical strength as well as a low Young’s modulus to avoid stress shielding. Previous work on the development of cold swaged Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy showed that the best compromise strength and Young ́s modulus was obtained when the forming is followed by an aging heat treatment at 500 oC. In this work, Ti-10Mo-20Nb alloy was hot swaged and aged at 500 oC for 10 min, 4h and 24h. The microstructure was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Mechanical characterization was based on Vickers microhardness tests and Young’s modulus measurements. Aging at 500 oC for 10 min after hot swaging resulted in a nearly 100% β phase microstructure while aging at 500°C for 4h or 24h led to a bimodal microstructure consisting on α precipitates dispersed in the β matrix. The higher hardness to Young’s modulus ratio was obtained for the sample aged at 500 °C for 4h. This value was higher than those obtained for the Ti-6Al-4V alloy and commercially pure Ti.

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