An Investigation on Explosive Welding of Bimetallic Ribbed Panel

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 312-315
Author(s):  
Mian Jun Duan ◽  
Yao Hua Wang ◽  
Jin Hong ◽  
Cheng Fei Fan ◽  
Rui Ma
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Welding Interface ◽  
Parallel Arrangement ◽  
Normal Processing

In this study, a 316L stainless steel sheet and Q345R steel ribs are cladded to be a bimetallic ribbed panel which is hardly be manufactured by normal processing technique. There are three key sections in the fabrication process: the parallel arrangement, optimization of the explosive welding parameter and the template filling and stripping. The bonding interfaces of the ribbed panel are observed and analyzed by means of mechanical test and optical microscope (OM). It is found that welding interface is wavy, and the bonding strength is higher than that of base plate.

Microstructure and Characterization of Ti-Al Explosive Welding Composite Plate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-xiong Bi ◽  
Xue-jiao Li ◽  
Ting-zhao Zhang ◽  
Quan Wang ◽  
Kai Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Transition Layer ◽  
Composite Plate ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Composite Plates ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Al Composite

Abstract In order to study the interface characteristics and microstructure formation of Ti-Al composite plate, explosive welding was carried out with TA2 titanium as the fly plate and 5083 aluminums as the base plate. Optical microscope and electron microscope were used to analyze the microstructure of intermetallic compounds. SPH method was used to simulate the welding process of composite plates. The formation conditions and initial defects of intermetallic compounds were analyzed. The results show that most of the melted metal in the wave-front stays in the wave-waist region, and there was a relative velocity difference between the vortex and the titanium tissue, which led to the existence of small pieces of fragmentation. The outer layer of the vortex had higher velocity than the inner layer. The formation of Ti3Al, its antioxidant capacity wound lead to the formation of cracks. The temperature of outer vortex was higher than that of inner vortex, and the vortex has a transition layer of 5 μm, which is thinner than the transition layer of 8 μm between cladding plate and substrate. The jet was mostly composed of aluminum metal, and the interface jet velocity reaches 3000 m·s-1 and the interface temperature reaches up to 2100 K. Compared with the molten metal in the wave-back vortex, the jet temperature at the interface was higher, resulting in a thicker transition layer at the bonding surface. The residual stress at the interface wound cause the density of the material to increase.

Rheo-Optics Studies in the Development of Hybrid Liquid Crystalline Based Mwir Polarizers

1999 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Mather ◽  
W. Barnes ◽  
P.J. Hood ◽  
T.J. Bunning
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Crystalline ◽  
Flow Behavior ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Processing Technique ◽  
Strain Rates ◽  
Alignment Layer ◽  
Small Pitch ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measured Polarization ◽  
Free Films

ABSTRACTWe present here a rheo-optical study of the flow behavior of two cholesteric liquid crystals, one with a large pitch and one with a small pitch. The large pitch compound has been investigated as a possible fixed wavelength polarizer in the mid-wavelength infra-red region (3-5 micron). The investigation of these compounds is driven by their low melt viscosity and ability to vitrify order, and thus functionality, into films with a wide range of thickness. In our attempts to obtain consistent thin films with reproducible contrast ratios, we explored the defect textures of both compounds under a polarizing optical microscope. These materials were sheared at various strain rates and at various temperatures in an attempt to determine the best processing window for defect free films. The pitch lengths of the two materials investigated were 160 and 1330 nm. The flow behavior of the large pitch material resembles a pure nematic with defect refinement taking place under flow. The short pitch material exhibited the typical Grandjean oily streaks upon shearing followed by coarsening. Observations made during this rheological study were used to identify a processing technique for the large pitch materials. Upon application of a conventional buffed alignment layer, films with consistent quality were routinely made. The measured polarization contrast of >70:1 exceeds the values obtained from state-of-the art commercial polarizers in this wavelength regime.

scholarly journals Effect of temperature on the mechanical properties of 3D-printed PLA tensile specimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 1337-1346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzio Grasso ◽  
Lyes Azzouz ◽  
Paula Ruiz-Hincapie ◽  
Mauro Zarrelli ◽  
Guogang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Gauge Length ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Relevant Effect ◽  
3D Printed

Purpose Recent advancements of 3D printing technology have brought forward the interest for this technique in many engineering fields. This study aims to focus on mechanical properties of the polylactic acid (PLA) feeding material under different thermal conditions for a typical fusion deposition of 3D printer system. Design/methodology/approach Specimens were tested under static loading within the range 20ºC to 60ºC considering different infill orientations. The combined effect of temperature and filament orientation is investigated in terms of constitutive material parameters and final failure mechanisms. The difference between feeding system before and post-3D printing was also assessed by mechanical test on feeding filament to verify the thermal profile during the deposition phase. Findings The results in terms of Young’s modulus, ultimate tensile strength (UTS), strain at failure (εf) and stress at failure (σf) are presented and discussed to study the influence of process settings over the final deposited material. Fracture surfaces have been investigated using an optical microscope to link the phenomenological interpretation of the failure with the micro-mechanical behaviour. Experimental results show a strong correlation between stiffness and strength with the infill orientation and the temperature values. Moreover, a relevant effect is related to deformed geometry of the filament approaching glass transition region of the polymer according to the deposition orientation. Research limitations/implications The developed method can be applied to optimise the stiffness and strength of any 3D-printed composite according to the infill orientation. Practical implications To avoid the failure of specimens outside the gauge length, a previously proposed modification to the geometry was adopted. The geometry has a parabolic profile with a curvature of 1,000 mm tangent to the middle part of the specimen. Originality/value Several authors have reported the stiffness and strength of 3D-printed parts under static and ambient temperature for different build parameters. However, there is a lack of literature on the combination of the latter with the temperature effects on the mechanical properties which this paper covers.

Effect of Residual Aluminum Thickness on Microstructure and Strength of Friction Stir Spot Welded Aluminum Alloy/Copper Lap Joint

2021 ◽  
Vol 1042 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Mitsuhiro Watanabe ◽  
Shinpei Sasako
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Pure Copper ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Laminate Structure ◽  
Alloy Plate ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
Residual Aluminum ◽  
Welding Interface ◽  
Aluminum Alloy Plate

Dissimilar metal lap joining of A5052 aluminum alloy plate and C1100 pure copper plate was performed by using friction stir spot welding. The rotating welding tool, which was composed of a probe part and a shoulder part, was plunged from the aluminum alloy plate which was overlapped on the copper plate, and residual aluminum alloy thickness under the probe part of the welding tool after plunging of the welding tool was controlled in the range from 0 mm to 0.4 mm. The strength of the welding interface was evaluated by using tensile-shear test. Microstructure of the welding interface was examined by using an optical microscope and a field emission scanning electron microscope. The welding was achieved at the residual aluminum alloy thickness under the probe part of the welding tool below 0.3 mm. The welded area was formed at aluminum alloy/copper interface located under the probe part of the welding tool, and its width increased with decreasing the residual aluminum alloy thickness. A characteristic laminate structure was produced in the copper matrix near the welding interface. In the joint fabricated at the residual aluminum alloy thickness below 0.1 mm, hook of Cu was formed at edge of the welded area. The fracture did not occur at the welding interface. A remarkable improvement in strength was observed in the joint fabricated at the residual aluminum alloy thickness below 0.1 mm. The formation of laminate structure and hook is considered to result in joint strength improvement.

Influence of heat treatment on corrosion resistance of explosive welding 316L stainless steel composite plate

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 106575
Author(s):  
Bin Wang ◽  
Ming-Yan Jiang ◽  
Ming Xu ◽  
Cheng-Wu Cui ◽  
Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Plate ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Steel Composite

Annealing Treatment for Superplastic Forming of Twin Roll Casted AZ31 Magnesium Sheet

2011 ◽  
Vol 239-242 ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Dong Shi ◽  
Jun Qiao
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Average Grain Size ◽  
Az31 Sheet ◽  
Twin Roll

Annealing treatments at 200°C, 250 °C, 300°C, and 350°C were conducted on a twin-roll casted AZ31 sheet with an initial average grain size of 10.11 mm. Microstructure and mechanical behaviors were studied by optical microscope observation and tensile mechanical test. Expermeintal results show that grain size experienced three stage evolution during 180 min annealing at each temperature: recrystallization refinement, stabilization under dynamic balance of recrystallization and grain growth, and grain growth. The minimum average grain size of 5.96 μm was achieved after 120 min annealing at 200°C. The refined grain structure causes a decrease of ultimate tensile strength and an increase of elongation, and facilitates superplastic deformation of the material.

Effects of heat treatment on the intermetallic compounds and mechanical properties of the stainless steel 321–aluminum 1230 explosive-welding interface

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 1267-1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Khanzadeh Gharah Shiran ◽  
Gholamreza Khalaj ◽  
Hesam Pouraliakbar ◽  
Mohammadreza Jandaghi ◽  
Hamid Bakhtiari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Welding Interface

Reasearch on Titanium Plate and Steel Plate in Explosive Welding Process Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 170-173 ◽  
pp. 3228-3236
Author(s):  
Ping Huang ◽  
Ning Xiong Wang ◽  
Lan Hua Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Explosive Welding ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Base Plate ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Titanium Plate ◽  
Composite Board ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Cladding Plate

The experiment was carried out and a good quality titanium-steel composite plate was obtained. In the experiment, the base plate made of Q235A and cladding plate made of TA2 titanium plate with thickness 2mm were used and explosive welding parameters were chose reasonably well which are the explosive welding clearance (h) is equal to between 0.4 to 0.6cm and the density of blasting agent in cladding plate (Wc) is equal to 6.2g/cm2. The designed titanium-steel composite board with 500×500×14mm can meet the demand in the requiement of ltrasonic inspection stretching inflection anti-shearing property in one type of National Standard of titanium-steel composite board (GB/T8547-2006)

scholarly journals Microstructure and Fatigue Damage of 316L Stainless Steel Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (24) ◽  
pp. 7544
Author(s):  
Zhentao Wang ◽  
Shanglei Yang ◽  
Yubao Huang ◽  
Cong Fan ◽  
Zeng Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Crack Propagation ◽  
Selective Laser Melting ◽  
316L Stainless Steel ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Laser Melting ◽  
Microcrack Initiation

In this paper, 316L stainless steel powder was processed and formed by selective laser melting (SLM). The microstructure of the sample was studied using an optical microscope, and the fatigue failure of the sample and the characteristics of crack initiation and propagation were analyzed, providing a research basis for the application of SLM-316L. Due to the influence of microstructure and SLM process defects, the fatigue cracks of SLM-316L mainly emerged due to defects such as lack of fusion and pores, while the cracks of rolled 316L initiated at the inclusions near the surface of the specimen. After fatigue microcrack initiation of the SLM-316L specimen, due to the existence of shear stress and tear stress, the crack tip was passivated and Z-shaped propagation was formed. The existence of internal defects in SLM-316L made the microcrack initiation random and diverse. At the same time, the existence of defects affected the crack propagation in the form of bending, bifurcation and bridge, which made the main crack propagation deviate from the maximum load direction.

scholarly journals Explosive Welding of Copper to High Nitrogen Austenitic Stainless Steel

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingbin Liu ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Xiaoyan Hu ◽  
Chufan Yin ◽  
Tiansheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Explosive Loading ◽  
Welding Parameter ◽  
Welding Quality ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Strength Failure ◽  
Welding Interface ◽  
First Time

In this work, T2 red copper and high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel (HNASS) were explosively welded for the first time. The welding window was theoretically developed, and the experiment was designed by considering the effect of explosive loading on welding quality. To evaluate the welding quality, the microstructure and mechanical properties of the composite material were systematically investigated. The results showed that the welding quality was in good agreement with the results predicted by the welding window. The micromorphology of the welding interface changed with a varied welding parameter, and no intermetallic compounds were found at the welding interface by EDS analysis. The microhardness of the two raw materials both increased near the welding interface, and the enhancement increased with the explosive loading. The failure pattern of the welding interface in the tension-shear experiments was dominated by the strength failure of the red copper.

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